Chapter VI   Rūpasaṅgahavibhāgo（色之概要）

6.7 涅槃（Nibbāna）

6.7.1 定義

Nibbānaṃ pana lokuttara-saṅkhātaṃ catumaggañāṇena sacchikātabbaṃ magga-phalānam ālambanabhūtaṃ vāna-saṅkhātāya taṇhāya nikkhantattā nibbānan ti pavuccati.

Nibbāna, however, is termed supramundane, and is to be realized by the wisdom of the Four Paths. It becomes an object to the Paths and Fruits, and is called Nibbāna because it is a departure (ni) from cord-like (vāna) craving.

涅槃被稱為出世間，是由四道智所證得。它是道與果的所緣，被稱為涅槃，是因為它離去渴愛這個糾纏物。

NOTES

Nibbāna: (n) extinction; destruction, annihilation; Nirvāṇa; Arhatship  涅槃

Pana: (adv) now, further; but, on the other hand, on the contrary, however

Lokuttara: (adj) transcending the world, supramundane, spiritual  出世間

Saṅkhāta, saṅkhyāta: (pp. saṅkhāti) reckoned, numbered; considered, called, named; weighed, estimated, learned

Catu: (num) four

Magga: (m) path, road; trace, track; course, passage  道

Ñāṇa: (n) knowledge  智

Catumaggañāṇa: (n) wisdom of the Four Paths  四道智

Sacchikaroti: to realize, experience, attain; bring before one’s eyes, see face to face

Sacchikātabba: (pfp. sacchikaroti) ought or fit to be realized / attained

Phala: (n) fruit, grain, crop, produce; result, consequence; reward, profit  果

Ālambana, -ṇa : (n) support; an object of sense  所緣，（感官）目標

Bhūta: (pp. bhavati) been, become, being; gone, past, former; real, true, right

Vāna: (n) jungle; desire, lust; sewing, stuffing

Taṇhā, tasiṇā: (f) craving, lust, desire, human passion

Nikkhamati: to go out, set out, start, go forth, go away, depart   pp. nikkhanta: gone out, departed

Pavuccati: (pass.) to be spoken of, to be called or termed    pres. 3^rd pl. pavuccare  被稱為

6.7.2 分析

Tad etaṃ sabhāvato ekavidham pi sa-upādisesa-nibbānadhātu anupādisesa-nibbānadhātu cā ti duvidhaṃ hoti kāraṇapariyāyena. Tathā suññataṃ animittaṃ appaṇihitañ cā ti tividhaṃ hoti ākārabhedena.

Nibbāna is onefold according to its intrinsic nature. According to the way (it is experienced) it is twofold, namely, the element of Nibbāna with the residue remaining and the element of Nibbāna without the residue remaining. It is threefold according to its different aspects, namely, void, signless, and desireless.

雖然依自性涅槃只有一種，但依（分別的）根據的方法，則成兩種，即：有餘涅槃界與無餘涅槃界。依行相的差別，涅槃有三種，即：空、無相、與無願。

NOTES

Tad: (pron.) this, that

Esa, eso: (pron) this; that   (n) etaṃ, (before a vowel) etad

Sabhāva: (m) natural state, nature; disposition; truth, reality  自性

Eka: (adj) one, single; alone; a certain; the same; chief; unique

Vidha: (m) part, fold; kind, sort; form, measure  部分，種類

Sa-: (prefix) with, and

Upādisesa: (adj) having some khandhas remaining  有餘

Sa-upādisesa: (adj) with the residue remaining  有餘

Dhātu: (m/f) primary or elementary substance, element; principle; a property of a primary substance, such as color, sound, taste, etc.; an organ of sense; a constituent of the body, as flesh, blood, bones; the remains of a body after cremation; a sacred relic; a fossil; a metal  界，元素，（火化後）遺骨等等

Anupādisesa: (adj) not having khandhas remaining, without the residue remaining  無餘

Dve, dvi-, di-, du-, dvā-, bā-: (num) two

Bhavati, hoti: to be, exist, become; take place, befall; behave

Kāraṇa: (n) motive, cause, reason, means; thing, matter, case, event

Pariyāya: (m) succession, order, turn; opportunity; way, manner; a cause; teaching, exposition

Tathā: (adv) so, thus; also  如是

Suññata: (adj) empty, void  空

Animitta: (adj) signless, free from marks or attributes  無相

Appaṇihita: (adj) free from longing or desire, desireless  無願

Ti-: (num) three

Ākāra: (m) appearance, mien, countenance; form; sign, token; way, manner, means; cause, reason; object, purpose; a constituent part of the body

Bheda: (m) breaking; rending; division; disunion; breach; schism; sort, kind  分別

6.7.3 總結

Padam accutam accantam asaṅkhatam anuttaraṃ

Nibbānam iti bhāsanti vānamuttā mahesayo.

Iti cittaṃ cetasikaṃ rūpaṃ nibbānam icc' api

Paramatthaṃ pakāsenti catudhā va tathāgatā.

Great seers who are free from craving declare that Nibbāna is an objective state which is deathless, absolutely endless, unconditioned, and unsurpassed.

Thus, as fourfold, the Tathāgatas reveal the Ultimate entities - consciousness, mental factors, matter, and Nibbāna.

解脫渴愛的大知見者說涅槃是不死、無盡、無為、及無上。

如是，如來開顯四種究竟法：心、心所、色、及涅槃。

NOTES

Pada: (m/n) a foot; step, stride; footprint, trace, track, vestige, mark; site, state, place etc.; a quarter or line of a stanza; a word; a sentence

Accuta: (adj) deathless; immovable; everlasting, eternal  不死

Accanta: (adj) endless; exceeding, excessive  無盡

Asaṅkhata: (adj) unconditioned, unaggregated, unmade  無為

Anuttara: (adj) unrivaled, preeminent, incomparable, supreme  無上，最高

Bhāsati: to speak, say, address     pp. bhāsita

Mutta: (pp. muñcati) released; delivered; free, free from; discharged, shot  解脫，除去

Mahesi: (m) [mahā + isi] great rishi, great sage, great seer

Citta: (n) the mind, consciousness, the heart; thought, idea; will, intention  心

Cetasika: (adj) mental   (n) properties or adjuncts of the mind, mental states  心所

Rūpa: (n) form, figure, shape; image, representation; the body; beauty; natural state; characteristic  色

Paramattha: (m) best or highest sense; the truth, reality; completeness, perfection  究竟法

Pakāseti: to make known, declare, tell, explain     pp. pakāsita

Catudhā: (adv) in four parts, fourfold

Tathāgata: (m) a Buddha  如來;  a sentient being, lit. “one who goes in like manner,” i.e. one who goes the way of all flesh, one who is subject to death, a mortal

Iti Abhidhammatthasaṅgahe rūpasaṅgahavibhāgo nāma chaṭṭho paricchedo.

In the Abhidhamma Compendium this is the sixth chapter, which deals with the analysis of matter.

《阿毗達摩概要》裡名為「色之概要」的第六章至此完畢。