四月初，一時興起，將梵文版的《般若波羅蜜多心經》試譯為巴利文。與同學們經文共欣賞，疑義相與析，箇中自有真趣。譯文或有舛誤之處，敬請高明不吝指正。

［譯文依據與參考，略作修改］

梵文／英文版：Edward Conze 編校的 Prajñāpāramitā-hṛdayam Sūtra

中文版：唐三藏法師玄奘的通行譯本

［線上辭典］

巴利文 https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/

梵文https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/sanskrit/

不同譯本以顏色區別：梵文、巴利文、英文、中文

Prajñāpāramitā-hṛdayam Sūtra

Paññāpāramitā-hadayaṃ Suttaṃ

Oṃ namo bhagavatyai ārya-prajñāpāramitāyai

Oṃ namo bhagavatiyā ariya-paññāpāramitāya

Hail! Reverence to the Blessed and Noble Perfection of Wisdom!

Ārya-avalokiteśvaro bodhisattvo gambhīrāṃ prajñāpāramitā-caryāṃ caramāṇo vyavalokayati sma pañca-skandhāṃs, tāṃś ca svabhāva-śūnyān paśyati sma.

Ariya-olokitessaro bodhisatto gambhīraṃ paññāpāramitā-cariyaṃ caramāno volokesi pañcakkhandhe, te ca sabhāva-suññe passi.

The noble Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva, while practicing the profound practice of perfection of wisdom, examined the five aggregates and saw them empty of self-nature.

觀自在菩薩行深般若波羅蜜多時，照見五蘊皆空。［度一切苦厄。］

Iha, śāriputra, rūpaṃ śūnyatā, śūnyataiva rūpaṃ; rūpān na pṛthak śūnyatā, śunyatāyā na pṛthag rūpaṃ; yad rūpaṃ sā śūnyatā, yā śūnyatā tad rūpaṃ; evam eva vedanā-saṃjñā-saṃskāra-vijñānam.

Idha, Sāriputta, rūpaṃ suññatā, suññatā hiva rūpaṃ; rūpā na puthu (/aññā) suññatā, suññatāya na puthu (/aññaṃ) rūpaṃ; yaṃ rūpaṃ sā suññatā, yā suññatā taṃ rūpaṃ; evam eva vedanā-saññā-saṅkhāra-viññāṇaṃ.

Here, Sāriputta, form is emptiness, and emptiness is as form; emptiness is not different from form, and form is not different from emptiness; that which is form is emptiness, and that which is emptiness is form; the same for feelings, perceptions, volitional processes and consciousness.

舍利子！色不異空，空不異色；色即是空，空即是色。受、想、行、識，亦復如是。

Iha, śāriputra, sarva-dharmāḥ śūnyatā-lakṣaṇā, anutpannā aniruddhā, amalā avimalā, anūnā aparipūrṇāḥ.

Idha, Sāriputta, sabbe dhammā suññatā-lakkhaṇā, anuppannā aniruddhā, amalā avimalā, anūnā aparipuṇṇā.

Here, Sāriputta, all things have the characteristic of emptiness, neither arising nor ceasing; neither defiled nor pure, neither deficient nor complete.

舍利子！是諸法空相，不生不滅，不垢不淨，不增不減。

Tasmāc, chāriputra, śūnyatāyāṃ na rūpaṃ na vedanā na saṃjñā na saṃskārāḥ na vijñānam; na cakṣuḥ-śrotra-ghrāna-jihvā-kāya-manāṃsi; na rūpa-śabda-gandha-rasa-spraṣṭavya-dharmāh; na cakṣūr-dhātur yāvan na manovijñāna-dhātuḥ; na avidyā na avidyā-kṣayo yāvan na jarā-maraṇam na jarā-maraṇa-kṣayo; na duḥkha-samudaya-nirodha-mārgā; na jñānam, na prāptir na aprāptiḥ.

Tasmā, Sāriputta, suññatāyaṃ na rūpaṃ na vedanā na saññā na saṅkhārā na viññāṇaṃ; na cakkhu-sota-ghāna-jivhā-kāya-manāni; na rūpa-sadda-gandha-rasa-phoṭṭhabba-dhammā; na cakkhudhātu yāva na manoviññāṇadhātu; na avijjā na avijjā-khayo yāva na jarā-maraṇaṃ na jarā-maraṇa-khayo; na dukkha-samudaya-nirodha-maggā; na ñāṇaṃ, na patti na apatti.

Therefore, Sāriputta, in emptiness there is no form, no feeling, no perception, no volitional processes, no consciousness; no eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, or mind; no form, sound, smell, taste, touch, or objects of mind; no eye-element up to no mind-consciousness element; no ignorance, no destruction of ignorance up to no old age and death, no destruction of old age and death; no suffering, arising, cessation, or path; no knowledge, no attainment, no non-attainment.

是故，空中無色，無受、想、行、識；無眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意；無色、聲、香、味、觸、法；無眼界，乃至無意識界；無無明亦無無明盡，乃至無老死亦無老死盡；無苦、集、滅、道；無智，亦無得。

Tasmāc chāriputra aprāptitvād bodhisattvasya prajñāpāramitām āśritya viharatyacittāvaraṇaḥ. Cittāvaraṇa-nāstitvād atrastro viparyāsa-atikrānto niṣṭhā-nirvāṇa-prāptaḥ.

Tasmā Sāriputta apattiyā bodhisattassa paññāpāramitaṃ nissāya viharati acittāvaraṇo. Cittāvaraṇa-natthitāya anutrasto vipallāsa-atikkanto niṭṭhā-nibbāna-patto.

Therefore, Sāriputta, because of his non-attainment the Bodhisattva, having relied on the perfection of wisdom, dwells with his mind unobstructed. Given the unobstructed mind, he is not frightened, going beyond reversals, and attains the state of Nirvāṇa.

以無所得故，菩提薩埵依般若波羅蜜多故，心無罣礙。無罣礙故，無有恐怖，遠離顛倒夢想，究竟涅槃。

Tryadhva-vyavasthitāḥ sarva-buddhāḥ prajñāpāramitām āśritya anuttarāṃ samyaksambodhim abhisambuddhāḥ.

Tayo-addhā-avaṭṭhitā sabbe buddhā paññāpāramitaṃ nissāya anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhim abhisambuddhā.

All the Buddhas abiding in the three times, having relied on the perfection of wisdom, are fully awake to the utmost, right, and perfect enlightenment.

三世諸佛依般若波羅蜜多故，得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。

Tasmāj jñātavyam prajñāpāramitā mahā-mantro mahā-vidyā mantro nuttara-mantro ’samasama-mantraḥ, sarva-duḥkha-praśamanaḥ, satyam amithyatvāt. Prajñāpāramitāyām ukto mantraḥ tadyathā: gate gate pāragate pārasaṃgate bodhi svāhā.

Tasmā ñātabbam paññāpāramitā mahā-manto mahā-vijjā-manto anuttara-manto asamasama-manto sabba-dukkha-upasamo, saccam amicchattā. Paññāpāramitāyaṃ vutto manto seyyathā: gate gate pāragate pārasaṃgate bodhi svāhā.

Therefore it should be known that the perfection of wisdom is the great mantra, the mantra of great wisdom, the utmost mantra, the unequaled mantra, the remover of all sufferings, the truth out of righteousness. In the perfection of wisdom the mantra is uttered like this: Gone, gone, gone beyond, gone together beyond! Awakening! Hail!

故知般若波羅蜜多，是大神咒，是大明咒，是無上咒，是無等等咒，能除一切苦，真實不虛。故說般若波羅蜜多咒，即說咒曰：揭諦，揭諦，波羅揭諦，波羅僧揭諦，菩提，薩婆訶！

Iti prajñāpāramitā-hṛdayam samāptam.

Iti paññāpāramitā-hadayaṃ samattaṃ.

Thus the Heart of the Perfection of Wisdom is completed.

［注釋 Sanskrit, Pali］

Pāramī: (f) completeness, perfection, highest state

Pāramitā: (f) [pāramī+tā] = pāramī

Avaloketi: (oloketi, olokati): to look (at), see, behold, watch; look down upon; look for, await; consider, examine, contemplate     pp. avalokita   (n) a look or glance

Oloketi: [avalokayati or apaloketi] to look at, to look down or over to, to examine, contemplate, inspect, consider

Voloketi: [v(i)+oloketi; in meaning equal to viloketi & oloketi] to examine, study, scrutinize

Vyavalokayati: vi+ava+loketi (lokayati)

Īśvara: (adj) powerful, able, capable of (with inf.); rich, wealthy (m) a lord, master; a king, prince, ruler; a rich or great man; a husband; the Supreme God; the god of love, Cupid; the Supreme Soul; the soul, etc.

Issara: (m) [Vedic īśvara, from īś to have power, cp. also P. īsa] lord, ruler, master, chief; creative deity, Brahmā

Avalokiteśvara: lit. "Lord who looks down," also referred to as Padmapāni ("Holder of the Lotus") or Lokeśvara ("Lord of the World"), known as Chenrezig in Tibetan

Gambhīra: (adj) deep, unfathomable; profound, important

Carati: to walk, walk about, wander; act, behave; live    ppr. caramāna

Cariya, cariyā (n/f) walking, roaming; conduct, behavior, observance, practice

Sma: (Sk) The particle sma is called a "periphrastic past". To make a present-tense verb past, one has the option of just adding sma after it.

Svabhāva: (m) own manner of being, innate disposition, nature

Sabhāva: (m) 1. state (of mind), nature, condition  2. character, disposition, behavior    3. truth, reality, sincerity

Suñña: (adj) empty, void, devoid of, deprived of

Passati: [Vedic paśyati] to see; to recognize, realize, know: only in combination with jānāti (pres. jānāti passati; ppr. jānaṃ passaṃ); to find aor. passi

Iha: (indecl.) [Sk. iha; form iha is rare in Pāli, the usual form is idha (q. v.)] adv. of place "here"

Śūnyatā: (f) emptiness, loneliness, desolateness; nothingness, non-existence, non-reality, illusory nature (of all worldly phenomena)

Suññata: (adj) [i. e. the abl. suññato used as adj. nom.] void, empty, devoid of lusts, evil dispositions, and karma, but especially of soul, ego

Suññatā (f) [abstr. fr. suñña] emptiness, void; unsubstantiality, phenomenality; freedom from lust, ill-will, and dullness, Nibbāna

Pṛthak: [directed widely or apart: √prath+n. of añk], ad. separately, apart; severally (often repeated); prp. with ab. without; except: – kri, separate; cut off; avert from (ab.), g bhû, separate oneself: pp. separate, different

Puthu (adj.) [both Vedic pṛthak & pṛthu, lit. spread out, far & wide, flat; (=pṛthak) separated, individual; (adv.) separately, each (also given as puthag eva)

In the Sanskrit text it says “pṛthak,” which is Pali “puthu.” However, in Pali texts the word “añña” is often used instead.

Añña: (pron/adj) other, not the same, different from, another

Lakkhaṇa: (n) sign, characteristic, mark; esp. a sign as implying something extraordinary or pointing to the future, therefore a prognosticative mark (cp. talisman), a distinguishing mark or salient feature, property, quality, etc.

Upapanna: [pp. of upapajjati] 1. (-˚) possessed of, having attained, being furnished with 2. reborn, come to existence in

Niruddha: [pp. of nirundhati, cp. nirujjhati] expelled, destroyed; vanished, ceased

Amala: (adj.) [a + mala] without stain or fault

Vimala: (adj.) [vi+mala] without stains, spotless, unstained, clean, pure

Ūna: (adj.) wanting, deficient, less

Anūna: (adj.) [Vedic anūna, an + ūna] not lacking, entire, complete, without deficiency, not deficient, complete (= paripuṇṇa)

Paripuṇṇa (adj.) [pp. of paripūrati] (quite) full, fulfilled, complete, finished, satisfied, perfect, sound, healthy

manāṃsi: [Sk. nom./acc. pl. of manaḥ] mind

Yāvat: rel. a. (with its following cor. tāvat, so great etc.) as great, much, many, far, long, manifold

Yāva: (adv.) [Sk. yāvat] up to (a point), as far as, how far, so far that

Khaya: (m) [Sk. kṣaya] waste, destruction, consumption; decay, ruin, loss; of the passing away of night; mostly in applied meaning with ref. to the extinction of passions & such elements as condition, life, & rebirth

Patti: (f) 1. (-˚) obtaining, acquiring, getting, entering into 2. attainment, acquisition 3. gaining, gain, profit, advantage 4. merit, profit, in special sense of a gift given for the benefit of someone else (as a "dakkhiṇā"), accrediting, advising, transference of merit, a gift of merit 5. that which obtains (as a rule), occasion, happening, state, place

Prāptiḥ: (f) obtaining, acquisition, gain, attainment, profit; reaching, attaining to

Prāpṇoti: to get, obtain, gain, acquire; attain to, go to, reach; stretch, extend; incur, bring upon oneself; meet with, find, overtake, etc.

Aprāptitvaḥ: [abl. aprāptitvāt] non-attainment, not obtaining; indifference to any kind of personal attainment

Āśritya: (ind.p.) having sought or obtained an asylum; having recourse to, employing, practising

Nissayati: [Sk. niśrayati, but in meaning = āśrayati, ni+ śri] to lean on, a foundation on, rely on, trust, pursue; pass. nissīyati pp. nissita ger. nissāya

Nissita (adj.) [Sk. niśrita, pp. of nissayati, corresp. in meaning to Sk. āśrita] hanging on, dependent on, inhabiting; attached to, supported by, living by means of, relying on, being founded or rooted in, bent on. As -˚ often in sense of a prep. = by means of, on account of, through

Āvaraṇa (adj/n) [fr. ā + vṛ, cp. āvarati; BSk. āvaraṇa in pañca āvaraṇāni; syn. of pañca nīvaraṇāni] shutting off, barring out, withstanding; (n.) hindrance, obstruction, bar

Atthitā: (f) [abstr. fr. atthi, cp. atthibhāva] state of being, existence, being, reality — often in abl. atthitāya: by reason of, on account of, this being so

Natthitā: (f) [Sk. nāstitā, fr. natthi] non-existence

Utrasta: [pp. of uttasati, also cp. uttasta] frightened, terrified, alarmed

Uttasta: [pp. of uttasati; usual form utrasta (q. v.)] frightened, terrified, faint-hearted

Anutrasta: not frightened or terrified

Viparyāsaḥ: change; contrariety, reverse; adverseness; interchange, exchange; an error, a mistake; expiration, lapse (of time); deterioration, death

Vipallāsa: (m) [cp. Sk. viparyāsa, vi+pari+as (to throw)] reversal, change (esp. in a bad sense), inversion, perversion, derangement, corruption, distortion. — There are 3 kinds of vipallāsas, viz. saññā˚ perversion of perception, citta˚ of thought, diṭṭhi˚ of views.

Atikrānta: [pp.] exceeded, surpassed, go beyond; departed, gone; beyond the reach even of desire; past the stage of thought; past, gone by

Atikkamati: [ati + kamati] to go beyond, pass over, cross, pass by; to overcome, conquer, surpass, be superior to pp. atikkanta

Niṣṭhā: (f) position, condition, state; basis, foundation; fixity, fixedness, steadiness; devotion or application, close attachment; belief, firm adherence, faith, etc.

Niṭṭhā: (f) [Sk. niṣṭhā] basis, foundation, familiarity with; end, conclusion; perfection, height, summit; object, aim

Prāpta: [pp.] got, obtained, won, acquired; reached, attained to; met with, found, etc.

Patta: [pp. of pāpuṇāti] obtained, attained, got, reached

Tryadhva = tri-adhva

Adhvan: (m) a way, road; passage, orbit (of planets); distance, space (traversed or to be traversed); journey, travel, course, march; time (kāla), time personified; air; sky, atmosphere; etc.

Addhan: [Vedic adhvan, orig. meaning "stretch, length," both of space & time. — cases: nom. addhā, gen./dat. addhuno, instr. addhunā, acc. addhānaṃ, loc. addhani; pl. addhā] 1. (of space) a path, road, also journey; 2. (of time) a stretch of time, an interval of time, a period, also a lifetime; only in two standard applications viz. (a) as mode of time (past, present & future) in tayo addhā three divisions of time (atīta, anāgata, paccuppanna); (b) in phrase dīghaṃ addhānaṃ (acc.) a very long time

Vyavasthita: (pp. vi + avasthita) placed in order, adjusted, arranged; settled, fixed; decided, determined, declared by law; stood aside, separated; based on, resting on

Avatiṭṭhati: [ava + tiṭṭhati] to abide, linger, stand still pp. avaṭṭhita

Avaṭṭhita: (adj.) [Sk. avasthita] "standing down" = standing up, firm, fixed, settled, lasting

Jñātavya: [future passive participle, pfp.] to be known or understood; conceivable, comprehensible

Jānāti: [Vedic jña, jānāti. The 2 Vedic roots jān˚ & jñā˚ are represented in P. by jān˚ & ñā˚ (ña˚).] to know pfp. ñātabba: should/must/fit to be known

Manta: (m) [cp. Vedic mantra, fr. mantray] orig. a divine saying or decision, hence a secret plan, hence magic charm, spell. In particular a secret religious code or doctrine, esp. the Brahmanic texts or the Vedas, regarded as such (i. e. as the code of a sect) by the Buddhists

Asama: (adj) unequalled, matchless, unsurpassed

Samasama: (adj) exactly the same

Asama: (adj) uneven, unequal, unequalled, peerless

Praśamana: (adj) calming, tranquillizing, pacifying, removing; curing, healing; allaying, assuaging, soothing, mitigating

Upasamāna (n) = upasama

Upasama: (m) [Sk. upaśama, upa + śam] calm, quiet, appeasement, allaying, assuagement, tranquillizing

Mithyātva: (n) falsity, unreality; illusion, error; inversion, perversion

Neg. amithyātva

Micchatta: (n) [abstr. fr. micchā] item of wrong, wrongness. There are 8 items of wrong, viz. the 8 wrong qualities as enumd under (an-) ariya-magga (see micchā), forming the contrary to the sammatta or righteousness of the Ariyan Path

Neg. amicchatta

Sayathā: (adv.) [cp. Sk. sayathā or tadyathā. The usual P. form is seyyathā] like, as

Seyyathā: (adv.) [=taṃ yathā, with Māgadhī se˚ for ta˚; cp. sayathā & taṃ yathā] as, just as

Svāhā: (indecl.) Hail! Hail to! May a blessing rest on! Blessing! at the end of invocations = amen

(f) an oblation (offered to Agni, Indra etc.) or oblation personified; an oblation or offering made to all gods indiscriminately; an exclamation used in offering oblation to the gods (with dat.)

Samāpta: (pp.) finished, concluded, completed

Samatta: [cp. Sk. samāpta, pp. of saṃ+āp] accomplished, brought to an end