Chapter VI   Rūpasaṅgahavibhāgo（色之概要）

6.6 色法轉起的次第（Rūpappavattikkama）

6.6.1 在欲界裡

6.6.1.1 綜論

Sabbāni pan' etāni rūpāni kāmaloke yathārahaṃ anūnāni pavattiyaṃ upalabbhanti. Paṭisandhiyaṃ pana saṃsedajānañ c' eva opapātikānañ ca cakkhu-sota-ghāna-jivhā-kāya-bhāva-vatthu-dasaka-saṅkhātāni satta dasakāni pātubhavanti ukkaṭṭhavasena. Omakavasena pana cakkhu-sota-ghāna-bhāva-dasakāni kadāci pi na labbhanti. Tasmā tesaṃ vasena kalāpahāni veditabbā.

All these material phenomena are obtained with no deficiency, according to circumstances, during the lifetime in the Kāma-sphere. But at rebirth-linking, to moisture-born beings and to those of spontaneous birth, there arise at most the seven decads - eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, sex and heart-base. As a minimum, sometimes, eye, ear, nose, and sex decads are not obtained. This is how deficiencies of material groups should be understood.

在欲界裡，根據情況，於生命期當中能夠毫不缺少地獲得這一切色法。但在結生時，對於濕生與化生的有情，最多只有七種十法聚生起，即：眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、性與心所依處十法聚。最少的，有時候則不得眼、耳、鼻與性十法聚。當如是知色聚是如何缺少。

Gabbhaseyyaka-sattānam pana kāya-bhāva-vatthu-dasaka-saṅkhātāni tīṇi dasakāni pātubhavanti. Tatthā pi bhāvadasakaṃ kadāci na labbhati. Tato paraṃ pavattikāle kamena cakkhudasakādīni ca pātubhavanti.

To the womb-born creatures there arise (at rebirth) three decads - body, sex and heart-base. Sometimes, however, the sex-decad is not obtained. From the conception and thereafter, during lifetime, gradually there arise eye-decad and so forth.

對於胎生的有情，（在結生時）有身、性與心所依處三種十法聚生起。然而，有時候則不得性十法聚。此後，在生命期裡，則會漸次生起眼十法聚等。

NOTES

Sabba: (adj) all, every, whose, entire

Esa, eso: (pron) this; that   (n) etaṃ, (before a vowel) etad   pl. etāni

Rūpa: (n) form, figure, shape; image, representation; the body; beauty; natural state; characteristic  色

Kāmaloka: (m) the sensuous world  欲界

Yathārahaṃ: (adv) according to worth; properly, satisfactorily, correctly, appropriately, duly

Ūna: (adj) deficient, less

Anūna, anūnaka: (adj) complete, not deficient

Pavatti: (f) flow onwards, going on; affairs; occurrence, incident; news, tidings; practice, conduct; beginning, setting on foot, establishment; existence, being  轉起

Upalabbhati: to be found, received, obtained    pp. upaladdha    pfp. upalabbhanīya

Paṭisandhi: (m/f) entering the womb in a new existence, conception, rebirth, transmigration; rebirth-linking  結生

Saṃseda: (m) sweat, moisture, vapor

Saṃsedaja: (adj) sprung from moisture, moisture-born  濕生

Opapātika: (adj) accidental, phenomenal, apparitional; being reborn in another world without the intervention of parents, and therefore as it was uncaused, and seeming to appear by chance  化生  (All the higher devas are opapātika, there being no sexual intercourse or birth in the higher heavens.)

Cakkhu: (m/n) the eye; insight; supernatural insight or knowledge  眼

Sota: (n) the ear, organ of hearing  耳

Ghāna: (n) the nose, the organ of smell  鼻

Jivhā: (f) the tongue  舌

Kāya: (m) the body; collection, multitude  身

Bhāva: (m) property, nature, state, condition; meaning, intention; gesture; substance, thing  性

Vatthu: (n) substance, object, thing, matter; occasion, cause; story, narrative; base  依處     (abl.) vatthuto

Dasaka: (n) decad  十，十個構成一組

Saṅkhāta, saṅkhyāta: (pp. saṅkhāti) reckoned, numbered; considered, called, named; weighed, estimated, learned

Satta: (num) seven

Pātubhavati: to appear, arise, become visible or manifest, spring into existence   aor. pāturahosi, pātubhavi  pl. pāturahesuṃ    pp. pātubhūta

Ukkaṭṭha: (pp) high, eminent; exceeding, excessive; excellent, superior

Vasena: (ins. of vasa; used adverbially, either with a gen. or as the last part of a compound) according to, for the sake of, on account of, by means of, for, as

Ukkaṭṭhavasena: (ins. as adv) at most

Omaka: (adj) low, inferior, vile

Omakavasena: (ins. as adv) at least

Kadāci: (adv) sometimes, at some time; perhaps

Labbhati: (pass. labhati) to be taken, be received, be obtained, be permitted

Tasmā: (adv) therefore, thereby, accordingly

Kalāpa: (m) anything that comprises a number of things of the same kind; a bundle, bunch; sheaf; a row, string, multitude; a quiver; usually of grass, bamboo - or sugarcanes, sometimes of hair and feathers  聚

Hāni: (f) loss, diminution; decay, deterioration; abandonment

Vidati: to know, ascertain    p.f.p. veditabba: to be known or understood

Gabbhaseyyā: (f) the womb

Gabbhaseyyaka: (adj) womb-born  胎生

Satta: (m) a being, creature, animal, sentient being, man

Tayo: (num. m.) three   loc. tīsu     (f) tisso     (n) tīṇi

Tattha, tatra: (adv) there; thither; in that case; now; in that, therein

Tato: (adv) hence, subsequently, thereafter; from that place or time; further

Tato paraṃ: (adv) afterwards

Kāla: (m) time; right time, due season; meal time; death     The loc. kāle at the end of a compound may often be rendered by “when.”

Kama: (m) order, step, succession, method

Ādi: (m) beginning, starting point; -ādi, formed as the latter part of a compound, nearly equivalent to “et cetera”; -ādayo, the compound is in the masc. plural; ādīni, the compound is in the neuter plural  …等

6.6.1.2 色相續流

Icc' evaṃ paṭisandhim upādāya kammasamuṭṭhānā, dutiyacittam upādāya cittasamuṭṭhānā, ṭhitikālam upādāya utusamuṭṭhānā, ojāpharaṇam upādāya āhārasamuṭṭhānā cā ti catusamuṭṭhāna-rūpa-kalāpa-santati kāmaloke dīpajālā viya nadīsoto viya ca yāvatāyukaṃ abbhocchinnaṃ pavattati.

Thus the continuity of material groups produced in four ways - namely, Kamma-born from the time of conception, mind-born from the second moment of consciousness, season-born from the time of the static stage, nutriment-born from the time of the diffusion of nutritive essence - uninterruptedly flows on in the Kāma-sphere till the end of life, like the flame of a lamp or the stream of a river.

如是，在欲界以四個方式生起的色相續流，即：業生的從結生那一刻開始；心生的從第二個心識剎那開始；時節生的從（結生心的）住時開始；食生的從食素（營養）傳到時開始，有如燈火或河水之流一般不斷地流下去，直至生命結束。

Maraṇakāle pana cuticitt' opari sattarasama-cittassa ṭhitikālam upādāya kammajarūpāni na uppajjanti. Puretaraṃ uppannāni ca kammajarūpāni cuticitta-samakālam eva pavattitvā nirujjhanti. Tato paraṃ cittajāhāraja-rūpañ ca vocchijjati. Tato paraṃ utusamuṭṭhānarūpa-paramparā yāva mata-kalebara-saṅkhātā pavattanti.

But at the time of death, kamma-born material phenomena no longer arise starting with the static stage of the seventeenth consciousness reckoned backward from the death-consciousness. Kamma-born material phenomena that arose earlier exist till the death moment and then cease. Following that, the mind-born and nutriment-born material phenomena come to cessation. Thereafter, a continuity of material qualities produced by physical changes (temperature / seasonal phenomena) persists in the form of the corpse.

但在死亡時，在死亡心之前的第十七個心的住時開始，業生色即不再生起。在之前生起的業生色會繼續存在直至死亡的那一剎那，然後即滅盡。隨後，心生色與食生色也滅盡。此後，在屍體裡，只是由時節所產生的色相續流。

NOTES

Iti, ti, icc (before a vowel): (adv) thus; generally placed at the end of a book, or of a chapter or section, to introduce the title

Evaṃ: (adv) thus  如是

Upādāya: (ger. upādiyati) clinging; beginning with; out of; with reference to

Kamma: (n) doing, action, work, deed, business; a religious act, karma  業

Samuṭṭhāna: (n) rising, origination

Kammasamuṭṭhāna: (n) originating from Kamma  業生

Dutiya: (adj) second  第二

Citta: (n) the mind, the heart; thought, idea; will, intention  心

Ṭhiti: (f) durability, stability, continuation, existence

Utu: (m/f/n) season, time  時節

Ojā: (f) nutritive essence; vitality, sap of life, strength; sap, juice  食素

Pharaṇa: (n) pervading, diffusion

Āhāra: (m) food, nutriment, nourishment; cause  食，營養

Catu: (num) four

Santati: (f) extension, continuity, duration, lineage  相續

Dīpa: (m) a lamp

Jālā: (f) flame

Viya, iva, va: (part.) like, as

Nadī: (f) a river

Sota: (m/n) stream, flood, torrent  流

Yāvatā: (adv) as long as, as far as, inasmuch as; because

Āyu: (n) life  壽命

Āyuka: (adj) living

Yāvatāyukaṃ: (adv) as long as life lasts

Abbocchinna: (adj) unbroken    acc. as adv. abbocchinnaṃ: uninterruptedly

Pavattati: to arise, begin, take place; start, set out; roll or flow onwards; become, be, exist; go on, proceed, be kept up   pp. pavatta   ger. pavattitvā

Maraṇa: (n) death, dying

Cuti: (f) disappearance, vanishing, death, decease; leaving one world to be born in another  死亡

Upari: (adv) above, upon, over, upwards, beyond, further

Sattarasama: (adj) seventeenth

Kammaja: (adj) resulting from karma, caused by karma  業生

Uppajjati: to arise, originate, be produced, be born, appear    pp. uppanna: born, arisen, produced; acquired     ger. uppajjitvā

Puretaraṃ: (adv) forward, further, in front; before, earlier

Samakālaṃ: (adv) at the same time

Nirujjhati: to cease, perish, be destroyed or annihilated     pp. niruddha

Cittaja: (adj) caused by consciousness, born of consciousness  心生

Āhāraja: (adj) nutriment-born  食生

Vocchijjati: to be cut off

Paramparā: (f) series, succession, row, lineage

Parampara: (adj) successive, repeated   abl. paramparā: in succession

Yāva, yāvaṃ: (adv) until, while, as long as, in order that

Mata: (pp. marati) dead

Kalebara: (n) corpse, a body

6.6.1.3 偈

Icc' evaṃ matasattānaṃ punad eva bhavantare

Paṭisandhim upādāya tathā rūpaṃ pavattati.

Thus to the deceased beings, again in a subsequent life, material phenomena arise, starting from rebirth-linking, in the same way.

如是有情死，再生於後有；從結生開始，色法又轉起。

NOTES

Puna, puno, punad + vowel: (adv) again, anew, afresh; back; after that; next, further, moreover

Bhavantara: (n) another birth or existence, either a previous or a subsequent one  前生或來世

Tathā: (adv) so, thus; also  如是

6.6.2 在色界裡

6.6.2.1 綜論

Rūpaloke pana ghāna-jivhā-kāya-bhāva-dasakāni ca āhāraja-kalāpāni ca na labbhanti. Tasmā tesaṃ paṭisandhikāle cakkhu-sota-vatthuvasena tīṇi dasakāni jīvita-navakañ cā ti cattāro kammasamuṭṭhānakalāpā, pavattiyaṃ cittotusamuṭṭhānā ca labbhanti.

In the Rūpa-plane decads of nose, tongue, body, sex and the material groups produced by nutriment are not found. Therefore, to those beings, at the time of rebirth there arise four material groups produced by kamma - the three decads of eye, ear, and heart-base, and the vital nonad. During the course of existence, material phenomena produced by consciousness and physical changes (temperature / seasonal phenomena) are found.

在色界裡並沒有鼻、舌、身與性十法聚及食生色聚。因此，對於那些（色界天的）有情，在結生時有四種業生色聚生起，即：眼、耳與心所依處三種十法聚、及命根九法聚。在生命期裡，也有心生色及時節生色。

NOTES

Rūpaloka: (m) the Rūpa-plane, the fine-material world  色界

Jīvita: (n) life, vitality

Navaka: (n) nonad, a collection of nine things

Jīvitanavaka: (n) vital-nonad  命根九法聚

Cattāro, caturo: (m. num) four    (n) cattāri     (f) catasso     gen./dat. catunnaṃ     abl./ins. catūhi

Pavatti: (f) flow onwards, going on; affairs; occurrence, incident; news, tidings; practice, conduct; beginning, setting on foot, establishment; existence, being; the course of one’s lifetime  轉起，生命期

6.6.2.2 於無想有情

Asañña-sattānaṃ pana cakkhu-sota-vatthu-saddāni pi na labbhanti. Tathā sabbāni pi cittajarūpāni. Tasmā tesaṃ paṭisandhikāle jīvitanavakam eva pavattiyañ ca saddavajjitaṃ utusamuṭṭhānarūpaṃ atiricchati.

But to the mindless beings, there do not arise eye, ear, heart-base and sound. Similarly, mind-born material phenomena do not arise. Therefore, at the moment of their rebirth only the vital nonad arises. During the course of existence, material phenomena produced by physical changes (temperature / seasonal phenomena), with the exception of sound, continue.

於無想有情，眼、耳、心所依處與聲音也都沒有。同樣地，心生色也都沒有。因此，在他們結生的那一剎那，只有命根九法聚生起。在生命期裡，除了聲音之外，也有其餘的時節生色。

NOTES

Asañña: (adj) mindless, unconscious  無想

Sadda: (m) sound, noise; voice; a word  聲

Vajjita: (pp. vajjeti) without, except, be removed, excluding

Atiriccati: to remain, be left over

6.6.3 總結

Icc' evaṃ kāma-rūp' asaññi-saṅkhātesu tīsu ṭhānesu paṭisandhi-pavattivasena duvidhā rūpappavatti veditabbā.

Thus in the three planes of Kāma, Rūpa and Asañña (Mindless) the occurrence of material phenomena should be understood in two ways, as regards rebirth-linking and the course of existence.

如是當知在欲界、色界及無想有情三處的色法，在結生時與在生命期裡這兩方面的轉起。

Aṭṭhavīsati kāmesu honti tevīsa rūpisu

Sattaras' ev' asaññīnaṃ arūpe natthi kiñci pi.

Saddo vikāro jaratā maraṇañ c' opapattiyaṃ

Na labbhanti pavatte tu na kiñci pi na labbhati.

Ayam ettha rūpappavattikkamo.

In the Kāma-sphere 28 material phenomena are obtained, 23 in the Rūpa-plane, 17 in the Asañña plane, but none in the Arūpa-plane.

At the moment of conception, sound, mutability, decay, and death (impermanence) are not obtained. During lifetime, there is nothing that is not obtained.

Herein, this is the way how material phenomena arise,

在欲界裡有二十八種色法；在色界裡有二十三種；於無想有情則有十七種；在無色界裡則完全沒有色法。

在結生時沒有聲音、變化色、色老性及死（即：色無常性）。在生命期裡，則沒有任何色法是不可得的。

於此，這是色法轉起的次第。

NOTES

Asaññin: (adj) unconscious, mindless

Ṭhāna: (n) place, state, condition; rank; stage; point, topic, thesis; basis, cause

Duvidhā: (adv) in two ways

Aṭṭhavīsa, aṭṭhavīsati: (num) 28, twenty-eight

Kāma: (m) desire, desired object; sensual pleasures, passion, lust  欲

Bhavati, hoti: to be, exist, become; take place, befall; behave

Tevīsa: (num) 23, twenty-three

Sattarasa: (num) 17, seventeen

Arūpa: (n/adj) formless, Formless-Sphere  無色界

Atthi: to be, to exist     pres. 3^rd pl. santi    neg. natthi

Kiñci: (pron) something, anything

Vikāra: (m) change, alteration; perturbation  變化

Jaratā: (f) old age, decrepitude  老性

Maraṇa: (n) death, dying

Upapatti: (f) birth, rebirth

Tu: (part.) now, but, indeed

Ayaṃ: (pron. nom. m/f) this

Ettha: (adv) here; herein; now

Kama: (m) order, step, succession, method