Chapter VI   Rūpasaṅgahavibhāgo（色之概要）

6.4 色法生起之源（Rūpasamuṭṭhānanaya）

6.4.1 四種生起之源

Kammaṃ, cittaṃ, utu, āhāro cā ti cattāri rūpasamuṭṭhānāni nāma.

Material phenomena originate in four ways: kamma, mind, seasonal conditions (temperature), and nutriment.

色法生起之源有四種：業、心、時節（熱能）、與食（營養）。

NOTES

Kamma: (n) doing, action, work, deed, business; a religious act, karma  業

Citta: (n) the mind, the heart; thought, idea; will, intention  心

Utu: (m/f/n) season, time  時節

Āhāra: (m) food, nutriment, nourishment; cause  食，營養

Cattāro, caturo: (m. num) four    (n) cattāri     (f) catasso     gen./dat. catunnaṃ

Rūpa: (n) form, figure, shape; image, representation; the body; beauty; natural state; characteristic  色

Samuṭṭhāna: (n) rising, origination

Nāma: (adv) by name, namely; indeed  名為；著實

6.4.1.1 業生色（Kammasamuṭṭhānarūpa）

Tattha kāmāvacaraṃ rūpāvacarañ cā ti pañcavīsatividham pi kusalākusalakammam abhisaṅkhataṃ ajjhattika-santāne kammasamuṭṭhānarūpaṃ paṭisandhim upādāya khaṇe khaṇe samuṭṭhāpeti.

Therein, the twenty-five types of moral and immoral Kamma pertaining to the Kāma and Rūpa Spheres produce, in one’s internal continuum, volitionally conditioned material phenomena originating from Kamma, moment by moment beginning with rebirth-linking.

於此，自結生起始的每一剎那裡，二十五種屬於欲界與色界的善業及不善業，在內相續流裡產生了以「行」為緣的業生色。

NOTES

Tattha, tatra: (adv) there; thither; in that case; now; in that, therein

Kāmāvacara: (m/adj) Sense-Sphere; within the domain of sensual pleasure, belonging to the Kāmaloka  欲界

Rūpāvacara: (m) realm or world of Form, Form-Sphere  色界

Pañcavīsati: (num) 25, twenty-five

Vidha: (m) part, fold; kind, sort; form, measure  部分，種類

Kusala: (adj) skillful, expert, clever; lucky, happy, prosperous; good, right, virtuous, meritorious, wholesome  善

Akusala: (adj) bad, evil, sinful, unhealthful; unskilled, unable  不善

Abhisaṅkhata: (pp. abhisaṅkharoti) prepared, formed; well-made, perfected

Abhisaṅkharoti: to prepare, form; to effect, perfect     aor. abhisaṅkhāsi

Ajjhattika: (adj) relating to belonging to the individual or self, personal; internal; subjective  個人的，內在的

Santāna: (m) spreading, extension; lineage; name of a tree in heaven

Kammasamuṭṭhānarūpa: (n) material phenomena originating from Kamma  業生色

Paṭisandhi: (m/f) entering the womb in a new existence, conception, rebirth, transmigration; rebirth-linking  結生

Upādāya: (ger. upādiyati) clinging; beginning with; out of; with reference to

Khaṇa: (m/n) a moment; a brief measure of time; leisure; right moment, opportunity  剎那    khaṇe khaṇe: from time to time, moment by moment

Samuṭṭhāpeti: to originate, set on foot     pp. samuṭṭhāpita

6.4.1.2 心生色（Cittasamuṭṭhānarūpa）

Arūpavipāka-dvipañcaviññāṇa-vajjitaṃ pañcasattatividham pi cittaṃ cittasamuṭṭhānarūpaṃ paṭhamabhavaṅgam upādāya jāyantam eva samuṭṭhāpeti.

The seventy-five types of consciousness, excluding the Formless resultants and the two sets of fivefold sense consciousness, produce mind-born material phenomena, from the first moment of life-continuum just as it arises.

從第一個有分心開始，除了無色界果報心與雙五識之外的七十五心，都會產生心生色，但只有在「生（時）」才能產生（心生色）。

Tattha appanājavanaṃ iriyāpatham pi sannāmeti.

Votthapanakāmāvacarajavan' ābhiññā pana viññattim pi samuṭṭhāpenti.

Somanassajavanāni pan' ettha terasa hasanam pi janenti.

Therein, the javanas of absorption also uphold the bodily postures. But the determining consciousness, javanas of the Kāma Sphere, and super-knowledge consciousness produce also (bodily and vocal) intimation. Herein, the thirteen javanas accompanied by joy produce smiling too.

於此，安止速行也保持姿勢。但確定心、欲界速行及神通心也能產生（身與語）表。於此，十三悅俱速行也能生笑。

NOTES

Arūpa: (n/adj) formless, Formless-Sphere  無色界

Vipāka: (m) result, resultant, product, consequence; good result, fruit, profit, reward; evil result, retribution  果報（心）

Dve, dvi-, di-, du-, dvā-, bā-: (num) two

Pañca: (num) five

Viññāṇa: (n) consciousness; thought, mind; intelligence, knowledge  識

Dvipañcaviññāṇa: (n) the two sets of fivefold sense consciousness  雙五識

Vajjita: (pp. vajjeti) without, except, be removed, excluding

Pañcasattati: (num) 75, seventy-five

Cittasamuṭṭhānarūpa: (n) material phenomena originating from consciousness  心生色

Paṭhama: (adj) first, foremost; earliest, previous; principal, chief, best

Bhavaṅga: (n) life-continuum; factor of existence  有分

Jāyati: to be born, be produced, grow, spring up, arise  pp. jāta  ppr. jāyanta

Appanā: (f) absorption (of mind), ecstasy, fixing of thought on an object  安止

Javana: (n/adj) quick, fleet   (lit.) running swiftly  速行

Iriyāpatha: (m) way of deportment  姿勢

Sannāmeti: to bend, contract

Votthapana: (n) establishing; determination, determining  確定

Abhiññā: (f) higher knowledge, transcendent or supernatural knowledge or faculty, super-intellect consciousness  神通；證智

Pana: (adv) now, further; but, on the other hand, on the contrary, however

Viññatti: (f) intimation, information; intimation of a want, asking  表示，暗示

Somanassa: (n) joy, enjoyment, satisfaction  悅，喜

Ettha: (adv) here; herein; now

Terasa, telasa: (num) 13, thirteen

Hasana: (n) laughter

Janeti: (caus. jāyati) to bring forth, produce, beget, cause, give rise to

6.4.1.3 時節（熱能）生色（Utusamuṭṭhānarūpa）

Sītuṇhotu-samaññātā tejodhātu ṭhitipattā ‘va utusamuṭṭhānarūpaṃ ajjhattañ ca bahiddhā ca yathārahaṃ samuṭṭhāpeti.

The fire-element, which comprises both cold and heat, on reaching its static stage, produces, according to circumstances, both internal and external material phenomena originating from seasonal conditions (temperature).

包含熱與冷兩者的火界在達到住時，根據情況在內及在外，可產生時節生色（熱能生色）。

NOTES

Sīta: (n) coldness, cold

Uṇha: (n) heat

Sītuṇha: (n) cold and heat

Utu: (m/f/n) season, time  時節

Samaññāta: (pp. adj) designated, known

Teja: (m/n) fire, flame, heat; light, brilliancy; glory; influence; power  火

Dhātu: (m/f) primary or elementary substance, element; principle; a property of a primary substance, such as color, sound, taste, etc.; an organ of sense; a constituent of the body, as flesh, blood, bones; the remains of a body after cremation; a sacred relic; a fossil; a metal  界，元素，（火化後）遺骨等等

Tejodhātu: fire element  火界

Ṭhiti: (f) durability, stability, continuation, existence

Patta: (pp. pāpuṇāti) attained, reached; obtained, got

Utusamuṭṭhānarūpa: (n) material phenomena originating from seasonal conditions (temperature)  時節（熱能）生色

Ajjhattaṃ: (adv) within the individual, internally, subjectively

Bahiddhā: (adv) outside, externally

Yathārahaṃ: (adv) according to worth; properly, satisfactorily, correctly, appropriately, duly

6.4.1.4 食生色（Āhārasamuṭṭhānarūpa）

Ojāsaṅkhāto āhāro āhārasamuṭṭhānarūpaṃ ajjhoharaṇakāle ṭhānappatto va samuṭṭhāpeti.

Nutriment, known as nutritive essence, on reaching its static stage, produces material phenomena resulting from nutriment at the time it is swallowed.

稱為食素的食，吞下之後，在達到住時的時候，即能產生食生色。

NOTES

Ojā: (f) nutritive essence; vitality, sap of life, strength; sap, juice  食素

Saṅkhāta, saṅkhyāta: (pp. saṅkhāti) reckoned, numbered; considered, called, named; weighed, estimated, learned

Āhārasamuṭṭhānarūpa: (n) material phenomena resulting from nutriment  食生色

Ajjhoharaṇa: (n) eating, swallowing

Kāla: (m) time; right time, due season; meal time; death     The loc. kāle at the end of a compound may often be rendered by “when.”

Ṭhāna: (n) place, state, condition; rank; stage; point, topic, thesis; basis, cause

6.4.2 依生起之源分析

Tattha hadaya-indriyarūpāni kammajān' eva, viññattidvayaṃ cittajam eva, saddo cittotujo, lahutādittayaṃ utucittāhārehi sambhoti.

Avinibbhogarūpāni c' eva ākāsa-dhātu ca catūhi sambhūtāni.

Lakkhaṇarūpāni na kutoci jāyanti.

Therein, the material phenomena of the heart and the (eight) Faculties are born of Kamma. The two media of intimation are born only of consciousness. Sound is born of consciousness and seasonal conditions. The triple qualities of lightness and so forth (malleability and adaptability) arise from seasonal conditions, consciousness, and nutriment. The inseparable material phenomena and the element of space arise from four causes. Characteristic material phenomena do not arise from any cause.

於此，心色與八根色是業生。兩種表色只由心生。聲是心生與時節所生。色輕快性（色柔軟性與色適業性）三種是由時節、心與食所生。八不分離色與空界由四因所生。相色則不從任何因而生。

NOTES

Hadaya: (n) the heart, the mind  心

Indriya: (n) an organ of sense; a power, faculty; function, organ; a moral quality; sense, perception, acquisition; sex  根，感官

Kammaja: (adj) resulting from karma, caused by karma

Viññatti: (f) intimation, information; intimation of a want, asking  表示，暗示

Dvaya: (adj) two, of two sorts    (n) a pair, a couple

Cittaja: (adj) caused by consciousness, born of consciousness

Sadda: (m) sound, noise; voice; a word  聲

Cittotuja: (adj) born of consciousness and seasonal conditions

Lahutā: (f) lightness, buoyancy  輕快性

Ādi: (m) beginning, starting point; -ādi, formed as the latter part of a compound, nearly equivalent to “et cetera”; -ādayo, the compound is in the masc. plural; ādīni, the compound is in the neuter plural  …等

Tayo: (num. m.) three   loc. tīsu     (f) tisso     (n) tīṇi     Frequently at the end of a compound, the whole forming a neut. noun.  -ttayaṃ

Sambhavati, sambhoti: to arise, be produced, spring from [+abl.]; meet with    ppr. sambhavaṃ     pp. sambhūta

Avinibbhoga: (adj) not to be distinguished, indistinct; inseparable

Ākāsa: (m) the sky, air, heaven; the open air; space  空

Ākāsadhātu: (m) the element of space  空界

Cattāro, caturo: (m. num) four    (n) cattāri     (f) catasso     gen./dat. catunnaṃ     abl./ins. catūhi

Lakkhaṇa: (n) sign, characteristic, mark; esp. a sign as implying something extraordinary or pointing to the future, therefore a prognosticative mark; a distinguishing mark or salient feature, property, quality  相

Lakkhaṇarūpa: (n) characteristic material phenomena  相色

Kutoci: (adv) from any place, from any cause

Jāyati: to be born, be produced, grow, spring up, arise     pp. jāta     ppr. jāyanta, Jāyamāna

6.4.3 總結

Aṭṭhārasa paṇṇarasa terasa dvādasā ti ca

Kammacittotukāhārajāni honti yathākkamaṃ.

Jāyamānādirūpānaṃ sabhāvattā hi kevalaṃ

Lakkhaṇāni na jāyanti kehicī ti pakāsitaṃ.

Ayam ettha rūpasamuṭṭhānanayo.

Eighteen, fifteen, thirteen, and twelve arise respectively from Kamma, consciousness, seasonal conditions, and nutriment.

The characteristic marks of matter that arise and so forth are not produced by any cause, they say, since they are wholly intrinsic.

Herein, this is the origination of material phenomena.

從業、心、時節與食所生的（色法）各有十八、十五、十三與十二種。

已說相色並非由任何（因）所生，因為它們的自性只是生起等素質。

於此，這是色法生起之源。

NOTES

Aṭṭhārasa: (num) 18, eighteen

Paṇṇarasa: (num) 15, fifteen

Terasa, telasa: (num) 13, thirteen

Dvādasa: (num) 12, twelve

Bhavati, hoti: to be, exist, become; take place, befall; behave   opt. bhave  ger. hutvā

Yathākkamaṃ: (adv) in due order, successively  依序

Sabhāvatta: (n) intrinsic nature

Hi: (part.) for, because; certainly, indeed; alas!

Kevalaṃ: (adv) only, merely; alone; wholly, completely

Kehici: (adv) by any cause

Pakāseti: to make known, declare, tell, explain     pp. pakāsita

Ayaṃ: (pron. nom. m/f) this

Ettha: (adv) here; herein; now

Naya: (m) leading, guidance; conduct; prudent conduct, prudence; policy; way, manner, means, mode, method; inference, logical deduction  -naya  理，方法