Chapter VI   Rūpasaṅgahavibhāgo（色之概要）

6.5 聚的構成（Kalāpayojana）

6.5.1 簡說

Ekuppādā ekanirodhā ekanissayā sahavuttino ekavīsati rūpakalāpā nāma.

There are twenty-one material groups inasmuch as they arise together (or have a common genesis), cease together (or have a common cessation), have a common basis, and coexist (occur together).

由於同生、同滅、擁有同一個依處、及同時存在而名為色聚的，有二十一種。

NOTES

Eka: (adj) one, single; alone; a certain; the same; chief; unique

Uppāda: (m) springing up, producing, appearance; birth; an omen  生

Ekuppāda: (m) arising together  同生

Nirodha: (m) cessation, annihilation; Nirvāṇa; obstruction, impeding  滅

Nissaya: (m) that on which anything depends or rests; refuge, shelter, help, protection, resource, requisite, necessary

Saha: (adv) with, together with

Vuttin: (adj) living, occurring

Sahavutti: (adj) living/occurring together, coexistent

Ekavīsati: (num) 21, twenty-one

Rūpa: (n) form, figure, shape; image, representation; the body; beauty; natural state; characteristic  色

Kalāpa: (m) anything that comprises a number of things of the same kind; a bundle, bunch; sheaf; a row, string, multitude; a quiver; usually of grass, bamboo - or sugarcanes, sometimes of hair and feathers  聚

Rūpakalāpa: (m) material group  色聚

Nāma: (adv) by name, namely; indeed  名為；著實

6.5.2 業生色聚（Kammasamuṭṭhānakalāpa）

Tattha jīvitaṃ avinibbhogarūpañ ca cakkhunā saha cakkhudasakan ti pavuccati. Tathā sotādīhi saddhiṃ sotadasakaṃ, ghānadasakaṃ, jivhādasakaṃ, kāyadasakaṃ, itthibhāvadasakaṃ, pumbhāvadasakaṃ, vatthudasakañ cā ti yathākkamaṃ yojetabbaṃ. Avinibbhogarūpam eva jīvitena saha jīvitanavakan ti pavuccati. Ime nava kammasamuṭṭhānakalāpā.

Therein, vitality and the (eight) inseparable material phenomena together with the eye are called the ‘eye-decad’. Similarly the ‘ear-decad’ together with the ear and so forth, ‘nose-decad’, ‘tongue-decad’, ‘body-decad’, ‘female-decad,’ male-decad’, ‘(heart-) base-decad’, should respectively be formed. Inseparable material phenomena, together with vitality, are called the ‘vital-nonad’. These nine groups are produced by Kamma.

其中，命（根）、八不離色及眼（淨色）名為眼十法。同樣地，（把首九種）加上個別的耳（淨色）等則名為耳十法、鼻十法、舌十法、身十法、女性十法、男性十法、（心）所依處十法。八不離色加上命（根），則名為命根九法。這九種色聚是由業所生。

NOTES

Tattha, tatra: (adv) there; thither; in that case; now; in that, therein

Jīvita: (n) life, vitality

Avinibbhoga: (adj) not to be distinguished, indistinct; inseparable

Cakkhu: (m/n) the eye; insight; supernatural insight or knowledge  眼

Dasaka: (n) decad, a collection of ten things  十個構成一組

Pavuccati: (pass.) to be spoken of, to be called or termed

Tathā: (adv) so, thus; also  如是

Sota: (n) the ear, organ of hearing  耳

Ādi: (m) beginning, starting point; -ādi, formed as the latter part of a compound, nearly equivalent to “et cetera”; -ādayo, the compound is in the masc. plural; ādīni, the compound is in the neuter plural  …等

Saddhiṃ: (adv) with, together with   [+ ins ]

Ghāna: (n) the nose, the organ of smell  鼻

Jivhā: (f) the tongue  舌

Kāya: (m) the body; collection, multitude  身

Itthi, itthī: (f) a woman, female

Itthibhāva: (m) womanhood  女性

Pumā: (m) a man, male

Pumbhāva: (m) manhood, virility  男性

Vatthu: (n) substance, object, thing, matter; occasion, cause; story, narrative; base  依處     (abl.) vatthuto

Yathākkamaṃ: (adv) in due order, successively  依序

Yojeti: (caus. yuñjati) to fix, apply, devote; unite, mix; try, adopt, use, prepare; yoke, harness; appoint, commission, employ; furnish, provide; urge, induce   pfp. yojetabba    pp. yojita

Jīvitanavaka: (n) vital-nonad  命根九法

Ime: (pron) these

Nava: (num) nine

Kamma: (n) doing, action, work, deed, business; a religious act, karma  業

Samuṭṭhāna: (n) rising, origination

6.5.3 心生色聚（Cittasamuṭṭhānakalāpa）

Avinibbhogarūpaṃ pana suddhaṭṭhakaṃ. Tad eva kāyaviññattiyā saha kāyaviññattinavakaṃ; vacīviññatti saddehi saha vacīviññattidasakaṃ; lahutādīhi saddhiṃ lahutādi-ekādasakaṃ, kāyaviññatti-lahutādi-dvādasakaṃ, vacīviññatti-sadda-lahutādi-terasakañ cā ti cha cittasamuṭṭhānakalāpā.

The inseparable material phenomena constitute the ‘pure octad’. They, together with the bodily intimation, constitute the ‘bodily intimation nonad’; together with the vocal intimation and sound the ‘vocal intimation decad’; together with the material phenomena of lightness, pliancy, and adaptability the ‘un-decad of lightness’ and so forth; the do-decad of bodily intimation, lightness, pliancy, and adaptability; and the tri-decad of vocal intimation, sound, lightness, pliancy, and adaptability. These six material groups are produced by mind.

八不離色組成「純八法」。它們加上身表組成身表九法；加上語表與聲音組成語表十法；加上輕快性（柔軟性及適業性）三種組成輕快性十一法；加上身表與輕快性（柔軟性及適業性）三種成十二法；加上語表、聲音與輕快性（柔軟性及適業性）三種成十三法。這六種是心生色聚。

NOTES

Pana: (adv) now, further; but, on the other hand, on the contrary, however

Suddha: (pp. sujjhati) pure, clear, white; innocent, virtuous; genuine, true; mere, simple

Aṭṭhaka: (n) octad, a collection of eight things

Tad: (pron.) this, that

Viññatti: (f) intimation, information; intimation of a want, asking  表示，暗示

Kāyaviññatti: (f) bodily intimation  身表

Navaka: (n) nonad, a collection of nine things

Vacī: (f) speech, words  語

Vacīviññatti: (f) vocal intimation  語表

Sadda: (m) sound, noise; voice; a word  聲

Lahutā: (f) lightness, buoyancy  輕快性

Ekādasaka: (n) un-decad, a collection of eleven things

Dvādasaka: (n) do-decad, a collection of twelve things

Terasaka: (n) tri-decad, a collection of thirteen things

Cha: (num) six

Citta: (n) the mind, the heart; thought, idea; will, intention  心

6.5.4 時節生色聚（Utusamuṭṭhānakalāpa）

Suddhaṭṭhakaṃ, saddanavakaṃ, lahutādi-ekādasakaṃ, sadda-lahutādi-dvādasakañ cā ti cattāro utusamuṭṭhānakalāpā.

The pure octad, the sound-nonad, the un-decad of the lightness triad (+ pliancy, and adaptability); the do-decad of sound and the lightness triad - these four are produced by seasonal phenomena.

純八法、聲九法、輕快性十一法、及聲輕快性十二法四種色聚，是由時節所生。

NOTES

Cattāro, caturo: (m. num) four    (n) cattāri     (f) catasso     gen./dat. catunnaṃ     abl./ins. catūhi

Utu: (m/f/n) season, time  時節

Utusamuṭṭhānakalāpa: (m) material groups originating from seasonal conditions (temperature)  時節（熱能）生色聚

6.5.5 食生色聚（Āhārasamuṭṭhānakalāpa）

Suddhaṭṭhakaṃ lahutādi-ekādasakañ cā ti dve āhārasamuṭṭhānakalāpā.

The pure octad, and the un-decad of lightness, pliancy and adaptability are the two material groups produced by nutriment.

純八法與輕快性十一法是兩種由食所生的色聚。

NOTES

Dve, dvi-, di-, du-, dvā-, bā-: (num) two

Āhāra: (m) food, nutriment, nourishment; cause  食，營養

Āhārasamuṭṭhānakalāpa: (m) material groups resulting from nutriment  食生色聚

6.5.6 內與外

Tattha suddhaṭṭhakaṃ saddanavakañ cā ti dve utusamuṭṭhānakalāpā bahiddhā pi labbhanti. Avasesā pana sabbe pi ajjhattikam eva.

Of them the two material groups produced by seasonal phenomena - pure octad and the sound nonad - are found externally too. All the rest are strictly internal.

當中，在外也有時節生的兩種色聚：純八法與聲九法。其餘一切都只是內在的而已。

NOTES

Bahiddhā: (adv) outside, externally

Labbhati: (pass. labhati) to be taken, be received, be obtained, be permitted

Avasesa: (adj) remaining

Sabba: (adj) all, every, whose, entire

Ajjhattika: (adj) relating to belonging to the individual or self, personal; internal; subjective  個人的，內在的

6.5.7 總結

Kammacittotukāhārasamuṭṭhānā yathākkamaṃ

Nava cha caturo dve ti kalāpā ekavīsati.

Kalāpānaṃ paricchedalakkhaṇattā vicakkhaṇā

Na kalāpaṅgam icc' āhu ākāsaṃ lakkhaṇāni ca.

Ayam ettha kalāpayojanā.

There are twenty-one material groups - nine, six, four and two produced in due order from kamma, mind, seasonal phenomena, and nutriment.

As space demarcates, and characteristic marks just indicate, the wise state that they are not constituents of material groups.

Herein, this is the formation of material groups.

一共有二十一種色聚，按照由業、心、時節、及食所生的順序，分別是九、六、四與兩種。

由於空（界）只是區別，相（色）只是表相，因此智者說它們不是色聚的成份。

於此，這是聚的構成。

NOTES

Pariccheda: (m) division, separation, discrimination; definition; decision, judgement; limit, boundary, extent; section, region; chapter of a book

Lakkhaṇa: (n) sign, characteristic, mark; esp. a sign as implying something extraordinary or pointing to the future, therefore a prognosticative mark; a distinguishing mark or salient feature, property, quality  相

Vicakkhaṇa: (adj) knowing, wise, discerning, sensible, skillful    (m) a wise person

Aṅga: (n) a part, portion, division, factor; a limb, member; a means, cause; a requisite; a quality, attribute  支，（部）分，因子；特性

Āha: to say, speak, call, tell     3^rd pl. āhu, āhaṃsu

Ākāsa: (m) the sky, air, heaven; the open air; space  空

Ayaṃ: (pron. nom. m/f) this

Ettha: (adv) here; herein; now

Yojana: (n) union, junction; formation; a measure of length