Chapter VII   Samuccayasaṅgahavibhāgo（類別之概要）

7.4 菩提分之概要（Bodhipakkhiyasaṅgaha）

7.4.1 四念處（Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā）

Bodhipakkhiyasaṅgahe cattāro satipaṭṭhānā: kāyānupassanā-satipaṭṭhānaṃ, vedanānupassanā-satipaṭṭhānaṃ, cittānupassanā-satipaṭṭhānaṃ, dhammānupassanā-satipaṭṭhānaṃ.

In the compendium of requisites of enlightenment, there are four foundations of mindfulness:

1. the foundation of mindfulness in contemplation of the body, 2. the foundation of mindfulness in contemplation of feelings, 3. the foundation of mindfulness in contemplation of consciousness, 4. the foundation of mindfulness in contemplation of Dhamma (mental objects).

在菩提分之概要裡有四念處：身念處、受念處、心念處、法念處。

NOTES

Bodhi: (m/f) the knowledge possessed by a Buddha, supreme or infinite knowledge, omniscient, the Truth; Buddhahood; the supernatural knowledge of an Arhat; a Bodhi tree  菩提

Pakkhiya: (adj) siding with, associated with, belonging to (a party, group, etc.)   (m) part, side; only in phrase (satta-, bodhi-, etc.)

Bodhipakkhiya, -ika, bodhapakkhiya, -ika: (adj) constituting or attributing to the Bodhi (Bodha) or supreme knowledge  菩提分

Saṅgaha: (m) taking, collecting; classification, conjunction, assemblage; compilation, abridgement; favor, kindness  概要，分析，組合，攝

Cattāro, catu, caturo: (m. num) four    (n) cattāri     (f) catasso

Sati: (f) recollection; active state of mind, fixing the mind strongly upon any object; attention, attentiveness; thought, reflection, mindfulness  念

Paṭṭhāna: (n) setting out, putting forward; origin, cause, starting point

Satipaṭṭhāna: (n) intent contemplation and mindfulness, earnest thought, application of mindfulness  念處

Kāya: (m) the body; collection, multitude  身

Anupassanā: (f) looking at, contemplation, consideration  隨觀

Vedanā: (f) feeling, sensation; pain, suffering  受

Citta: (n) the mind, consciousness, the heart; thought, idea; will, intention  心

Dhamma: (m/n) nature, condition, quality, property, characteristic; function, practice, duty; object, thing, idea, phenomenon; doctrine; law; virtue, piety; justice; the law or Truth of Buddha; the Buddhist scriptures; religion  法

7.4.2 四正勤（Cattāro sammappadhānā）

Cattāro sammappadhānā: uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya vāyāmo, anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya vāyāmo, anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya vāyāmo, uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhiyyobhāvāya vāyāmo.

There are four supreme efforts:

1. the effort to discard evils that have arisen, 2. the effort to prevent the arising of unrisen evils, 3. the effort to develop unrisen good, 4. the effort to augment arisen good.

四正勤：一、精進於斷除已生的惡法；二、精進於防止未生的惡法生起；三、精進於令未生的善法生起；四、精進於令已生的善法增長。

NOTES

Sammā: (indecl) fully, thoroughly, accurately, rightly, properly, really, truly  正

Padhāna: (n) exertion, energetic effort, striving, concentration of mind  精勤

Uppanna: (pp. uppajjati) arisen, born, produced; acquired; happened

Pāpaka: (adj) wicked, bad, evil, sinful

Pahāna: (n) leaving, abandonment, getting rid of, rejection   dat. pahānāya

Vāyāma: (m) striving, effort, exertion, endeavor  精進

Anuppanna: (adj) unrisen, not arisen, not born

Uppāda: (m) arising, springing up, coming into existence, appearance, birth

Anuppāda: (m) not arising, not coming into existence

Kusala: (adj) skillful, expert, clever; lucky, happy, prosperous; good, right, virtuous, meritorious, wholesome  善

Bhiyyo, bhīyo: (adj) more   (adv) again, further, besides; frequently, much

Bhāva: (m) property, nature, state, condition; meaning, intention; gesture; substance, thing

Bhiyyobhāva: (m) abundance

7.4.3 四成就之法（四神足）（Cattāro iddhipādā）

Cattāro iddhipādā: chandiddhipādo, viriyiddhipādo, cittiddhipādo, vīmaṃsiddhipādo.

There are four means to accomplishment:

1. will (desire), 2. effort (energy), 3. consciousness, 4. investigation.

四成就之法：一、欲為成就之法；二、精進為成就之法；三、心為成就之法；四、觀為成就之法。

NOTES

Iddhi: (f) prosperity, power, majesty; accomplishment; supernatural power, miraculous faculty; a miracle

Pāda: (m) a foot; a hill at the foot of a mountain; a ray of light; a quarter

iddhipāda: (m) constituent or basis of supernatural power, means by which iddhi is obtained  神足，成就之法

Chanda: (m) conation, wish; intention; will, resolve; consent, approval  欲

Viriya: (n) strength, vigor, energy; fortitude, effort, exertion  精進

Vīmaṃsā: (f) investigation, examination, trial  觀

7.4.4 五根（Pañcindriyāni）

Pañc' indriyāni: saddhindriyaṃ, viriyindriyaṃ, satindriyaṃ, samādhindriyaṃ, paññindriyaṃ.

There are five faculties:

1. faith, 2. effort (energy), 3. mindfulness, 4. concentration, 5. wisdom.

五根：信根、精進根、念根、定根、慧根。

NOTES

Pañca: (num) five

Indriya: (n) an organ of sense; a power, faculty; function, organ; a moral quality; sense, perception, acquisition; sex  根，感官

Saddhā: (f) faith  信

Saddhindriya: (n) the faith faculty  信根

Viriyindriya: (n) the energy faculty  精進根

Satindriya: (n) the mindfulness faculty  念根

Samādhindriya: (n) the concentration faculty  定根

Paññindriya: (n) the wisdom faculty  慧根

7.4.5 五力（Pañca balāni）

Pañca balāni: saddhabalaṃ, viriyabalaṃ, satibalaṃ, samādhibalaṃ, paññābalaṃ.

There are five powers:

1. faith, 2. effort (energy), 3. mindfulness, 4. concentration, 5. wisdom.

五力：信力、精進力、念力、定力、慧力。

NOTES

Bala: (n) strength, power, force; an army, troops, forces; bulkiness  力

Samādhi: (m) agreement, peace, tranquility, self-concentration, calm  定

Paññā: (f) wisdom, intellect, reason  慧，般若

7.4.6 七覺支（Satta bojjhaṅgā）

Satta bojjhaṅgā: satisambojjhaṅgo, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo, viriyasambojjhaṅgo, pītisambojjhaṅgo, passaddhisambojjhaṅgo, samādhisambojjhaṅgo, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo.

There are seven constituents of enlightenment:

1. mindfulness, 2. investigation of states, 3. effort, 4. rapture, 5. tranquility, 6. concentration, 7. equanimity.

七覺支：念覺支、擇法覺支、精進覺支、喜覺支、輕安覺支、定覺支、捨覺支。

NOTES

Satta: (num) seven

Bojjhaṅga: (m) member or constituent of Bodhi, requisites for attaining the supreme knowledge of a Buddha; (= sambojjhaṅga)  覺支

Vicaya: (m) research, investigation

Dhammavicaya: (m) investigation of the Dhamma

Pīti: (f) joy, delight, rapture  喜

Passaddhi: (f) calming down, calmness, repose, tranquility  輕安

Upekkhā, upekhā: (f) indifference to pain and pleasure, equanimity, resignation  捨

7.4.7 八道分（Aṭṭha maggaṅgāni）

Aṭṭha maggaṅgāni: sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammā-ājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhi.

There are eight Path constituents:

1. right view, 2. right thoughts (intention), 3. right speech, 4. right action, 5. right livelihood, 6. right effort, 7. right mindfulness, 8. right concentration.

八道分：正見、正思惟、正語、正業、正命、正精進、正念、正定。

NOTES

Aṭṭha: (num) eight

Magga: (m) path, road; trace, track; course, passage  道

Aṅga: (n) a part, portion, division, factor; a limb, member; a means, cause; a requisite; a quality, attribute  支，（部）分，因子；特性

Sammādiṭṭhi: (f) right view  正見

Sammāsaṅkappa: (m) right intention, right thoughts  正思惟

Sammāvācā: (f) right speech  正語

Sammākammanta: (m) right action  正業

Sammā-ājīva: (m) right livelihood  正命

Sammāvāyāma: (m) right effort  正精進

Sammāsati: (f) right mindfulness  正念

Sammāsamādhi: (m) right concentration  正定

7.4.8 說明

Ettha pana cattāro satipaṭṭhānā ti sammāsati ekā va pavuccati.

Tathā cattāro sammappadhānā ti ca sammāvāyāmo.

Here, by the four foundations of mindfulness, right mindfulness alone is implied. Similarly, right effort is implied by the four supreme efforts.

於此，四念處可說為一正念。同樣地，四正勤可說為一正精進。

7.4.8.1 依自性

Chando cittam upekkhā ca saddhā-passaddhi-pītiyo

Sammādiṭṭhi ca saṅkappo vāyāmo viratittayaṃ

Sammāsati samādhī ti cuddas' ete sabhāvato

Sattatiṃsappabhedena sattadhā tattha saṅgaho.

The sevenfold compendium which consists of 37 factors is composed of these fourteen states according to their intrinsic nature: will, consciousness, equanimity, faith, tranquility, rapture, right view, thought (intention), effort, the three abstinences, right mindfulness, and concentration.

依自性，三十七分裡的七組包含了十四法：欲、心、捨、信、輕安、喜、正見、思惟、精進、三離、正念與定。

7.4.8.2 依出現之處

Saṅkappa-passaddhi ca pīt' upekkhā

Chando ca cittaṃ viratittayañ ca

Nav' ekaṭṭhānā viriyaṃ nav' aṭṭha

Sati samādhī catu pañca paññā

Saddhā duṭṭhān' uttama-sattatiṃsa

Dhammānam eso pavaro vibhāgo.

Sabbe lokuttare honti na vā saṅkappapītiyo

Lokiye pi yathāyogaṃ chabbisuddhippavattiyaṃ.

The esteemed enumeration of these 37 sublime factors is as follows: nine - intention, tranquility, rapture, equanimity, will, consciousness, the three abstinences - each occurs only once; effort (energy) nine times; mindfulness eight times; concentration four times; wisdom five times; faith twice.

All these occur in the supramundane (consciousness), except at times intention and rapture. In the mundane (consciousness), too, they occur in the course of the sixfold purification, according to circumstances.

對這三十七殊勝法的分析如下：思惟、輕安、喜、捨、欲、心與三離九法，只現於一處；精進現於九處；念八處；定四處；慧五處、及信兩處。

在出世間（心）裡，這一切都會出現，但有時候則會除去思惟與喜。在世間心裡，它們也會根據情況出現在六清淨裡。

NOTES

Ettha: (adv) here; herein; now

Pana: (adv) now, further; but, on the other hand, on the contrary, however

Eka: (adj) one, single; alone; a certain; the same; chief; unique  一，同

Eva, yeva: (adv) just, quite, even, only

Pavuccati: (pass.) to be spoken of, to be called or termed    pres. 3^rd pl. pavuccare  被稱之

Tathā: (adv) so, thus; also  如是

Virati: (f) abstinence   [+ abl.]  離，戒

Tayo: (num. m.) three   loc. tīsu     (f) tisso     (n) tīṇi     Frequently at the end of a compound, the whole forming a neut. noun.  -ttayaṃ

Cuddasa, catuddasa, coddasa: (num) 14, fourteen

Ete: (pron) these, those

Sabhāva: (m) natural state, nature; disposition; truth, reality  自性

Sattatiṃsa: (num) 37, thirty-seven

Pabheda: (m) breaking or splitting up; difference, distinction; sort, kind

Sattadhā: (adv) in seven ways, sevenfold

Tattha, tatra: (adv) there; thither; in that case; now; in that, therein

Nava: (num) nine

Ṭhāna: (n) place, state, condition; rank; stage; point, topic, thesis; basis, cause

Catu, caturo, cattāro: (m. num) four    (n) cattāri     (f) catasso

Duve, dve, dvi-, di-, du-, dvā-, bā-: (num) two

Uttama: (adj) best, highest, chief, excellent, eminent, supreme, first-rate  最上

Eso, esa: (pron) this; that   (n) etaṃ, (before a vowel) etad   pl. etāni

Pavara: (adj) chief, best, noble, excellent

Vibhāga: (m) division, analysis  分析，分別

Sabba: (adj) all, every, whole, entire

Lokuttara: (adj) transcending the world, supramundane, spiritual  出世間

Bhavati, hoti: to be, exist, become; take place, befall; behave    ger. hutvā

Vā: (conj) or

Lokiya: (adj) worldly, earthly, temporal; common, popular  世間的

Yathāyogaṃ: (adv) accordingly, according to union or relations

Cha: (num) six

Visuddhi: (f) purity, holiness, rectitude, correctness; Nirvāṇa

Pavatti: (f) flow onwards, going on; affairs; occurrence, incident; news, tidings; practice, conduct; beginning, setting on foot, establishment; existence, being   轉起