Chapter V   Vīthimuttasaṅgahavibhāgo（離心路過程之概要）

5.4 四種業（Kammacatukkaṃ）

5.4.1 四種業的分析

5.4.1.1 依作用（Kicca）

Janakaṃ, upatthambhakaṃ, upapīḷakaṃ, upaghātakañ cā ti kiccavasena.

With respect to function, there are four kinds of kamma, namely:

(a) reproductive kamma,

(b) supportive kamma,

(c) obstructive kamma, and

(d) destructive kamma.

依作用（分別），業有四種，即：

一、令生業；

二、支助業；

三、阻礙業；

四、毀壞業。

NOTES

Janaka: (adj) producing, causing, reproductive

Upatthambhaka: (adj) supportive, supporting

Upapīḷaka: (adj) oppressive, obstructive

Upaghātaka: (adj) hurting, destructive

Kicca: (n) function; work, duty, service, business, need  作用

Vasena: (ins. of vasa; used adverbially, either with a gen. or as the last part of a compound) according to, for the sake of, on account of, by means of, for, as

5.4.1.2 依成熟的次序（Pākadāna-pariyāya）

Garukaṃ, āsannaṃ, āciṇṇaṃ, kaṭattā kammañ cā ti pākadānapariyāyena.

With respect to the order in which the effect of kamma takes place, there are four kinds of kamma, namely:

(a) weighty kamma,

(b) death-proximate kamma,

(c) habitual kamma, and

(d) reserve kamma.

依業產生果報的次序，業有四種，即：

一、重業；

二、臨死業；

三、慣行業；

四、已作業。

NOTES

Garuka: (adj) heavy, weighty; large; important; venerable

Āsanna: (pp./adj) near, proximate

Āciṇṇa: (pp. ācarati) practiced, performed; habitual

Kaṭa, kata: (pp. karoti) made, done; composed, performed

Kaṭatta, katatta: (n) the doing of, performance of   abl. kaṭattā

Kamma: (n) doing, action, work, deed, business; a religious act, karma  業

Pāka: (m/n) cooking; ripeness, maturity; result, fulfillment, accomplishment  果報；成熟

Dāna: (n) giving; a gift; donation; almsgiving, charity

Pākadāna: (n) result producing effects

Pariyāya: (m) succession, order, turn; opportunity; way, manner; a cause; teaching, exposition     adv. pariyāyato: causally, necessarily

5.4.1.3 依成熟的時間（Pākakāla）

Diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṃ, upapajjavedanīyaṃ, aparāpariyavedanīyaṃ, ahosikammañ cā ti pākakālavasena cattāri kammāni nāma.

With respect to the time of taking effect, there are four kinds of kamma, namely:

(a) immediately effective kamma,

(b) subsequently effective kamma,

(c) indefinitely effective kamma, and

(d) defunct kamma.

依成熟的時間，業有四種，即：

一、現生受業；

二、次生受業；

三、無盡業；

四、無效業。

NOTES

Diṭṭhadhamma: (m) the visible condition; the present state of things; this world, this life, this state of existence  現世，今生

Vedeti, vedayati / vediyati: to sense, feel, experience; know    pfp. vedanīya: to be experienced, to be known, intelligible    pp. vedita, vedayita

Upapajjati: to be reborn, be produced; come to, attain   ger. upapajja: having been reborn     pp. upapanna

Apara: (adj) other, subsequent, following, next, second; western

Aparāpariya: (apara-apariya, from aparāpara) ever-following, successive, continuous, everlasting, indefinite

Ahosikamma: (n) a kamma that is past, expired, or spent and will bear no further phala or fruit  無效業

Kāla: (m) time; right time, due season; meal time; death

Cattāro, caturo: (m. num) four    (n) cattāri     (f) catasso

5.4.1.4. 依成熟之地（Pākaṭṭhāna）

Tathā akusalaṃ, kāmāvacarakusalaṃ, rūpāvacarakusalaṃ, arūpāvacarakusalañ cā ti pākaṭṭhānavasena.

With respect to the place in which effect takes place, there are four kinds of kamma, namely:

(a) immoral kamma,

(b) moral kamma pertaining to the Sense-Sphere,

(c) moral kamma pertaining to the Rūpa plane, and

(d) moral kamma pertaining to the Arūpa plane.

依產生果報之處，業有四種，即：

一、不善業；

二、欲界善業；

三、色界善業；

四、無色界善業。

NOTES

Tathā: (adv) so, thus; also  如是

Akusala: (adj) bad, evil, sinful, unhealthful; unskilled, unable  不善

Kāmāvacara: (m/adj) Sense-Sphere; within the domain of sensual pleasure, belonging to the Kāmaloka  欲界

Kusala: (adj) skillful, expert, clever; lucky, happy, prosperous; good, right, virtuous, meritorious, wholesome  善

Rūpāvacara: (m) realm or world of Form, Form-Sphere  色界

Arūpāvacara: (m) realm or world of Formlessness  無色界

Ṭhāna: (n) place, state, condition; rank; stage; point, topic, thesis; basis, cause

5.4.2 不善業與善業

5.4.2.1 不善業

Tattha akusalaṃ kāyakammaṃ, vacīkammaṃ, manokammañ cā ti kammadvāravasena tividhaṃ hoti.

Of them immoral kamma is threefold according to the doors of action, namely, bodily action, verbal action, and mental action.

當中，依造業之門，不善業有三種，即：身業、語業及意業。

NOTES

Tattha, tatra: (adv) there; thither; in that case; now; in that, therein

Kāya: (m) the body; collection, multitude  身

Vacī: (f) speech, words  語

Mana: (m/n) the mind, the intellect, the thoughts, the heart  意，心

Manokamma: (n) mental action  意業

Dvāra: (n) a door, gate; an entrance, an aperture  門

Ti-: (num) three

Vidha: (m) part, fold; kind, sort; form, measure  部分，種類

Bhavati, hoti: to be, exist, become; take place, befall; behave    ger. hutvā

Kathaṃ? Pāṇātipāto, adinnādānaṃ, kāmesu micchācāro cā ti kāyaviññattisaṅkhāte kāyadvāre bāhullavuttito kāyakammaṃ nāma.

How? Killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct are bodily actions done generally through the door of the body, known as bodily intimation.

如何？殺生、偷盜及邪欲樂行（邪淫）是身業，一般是通過名為身表的身門造作。

NOTES

Kathaṃ: (adv) How?

Pāṇātipāta: (m) taking the life of a living creature, killing  殺生

Adinnādāna: (n) taking what is not given, theft  偷盜，不予取

Kāma: (m) desire, desired object; sensual pleasures, passion, lust  欲

Micchācāra: (m) wrong conduct or living

Kāmesu micchācāra: (m) adultery, sexual misconduct  邪淫

Viññatti: (f) intimation, information; intimation of a want, asking  表示，暗示

Saṅkhāta, saṅkhyāta: (pp. saṅkhāti) reckoned, numbered; considered, called, named; weighed, estimated, learned

Saṅkhāti: to calculate, reckon

Bāhulla: (n) abundance

Vutti: (f) conduct, behavior, manner; business, livelihood; (in poetry) meter, rhythm; explanation, gloss

Musāvādo, pisuṇavācā, pharusavācā, samphappalāpo cā ti vacīviññattisaṅkhāte vacīdvāre bāhullavuttito vacīkammaṃ nāma.

Lying, slandering, harsh speech, and vain talk are verbal actions done generally through the door of speech, known as verbal intimation.

妄語、兩舌、惡口及綺語（講廢話）是語業，一般是通過名為語表的語門造作。

NOTES

Musāvāda: (m) lying, falsehood  妄語

Pisuṇa: (adj) backbiting, malicious, calumnious

Vācā: (f) word, saying, speech  語

Pisuṇavācā: (f) slander, malicious speech  兩舌，離間舌

Pharusa: (adj) harsh, unkind, fierce, savage; rough, rugged; severe, cruel

Pharusavācā: (f) harsh speech  惡口，惡語

Samphappalāpa: (m) frivolous talk  綺語

Abhijjhā, vyāpādo, micchādiṭṭhi cā ti aññatrā pi viññattiyā manasmiṃ yeva bāhullavuttito manokammaṃ nāma.

Covetousness, ill-will, and false belief are mental actions done generally through the mind itself without (bodily or verbal) intimation.

貪婪、瞋恨及邪見是意業，一般上只發生於意門而無（身或語）表。

NOTES

Abhijjhā: (f) covetousness  貪婪

Vyāpāda: (m) wish to injure, malevolence, hatred, fury  瞋恨

Micchādiṭṭhi: (f) wrong views, false doctrine, heresy, unbelief  邪見

Aññatra: (adv) without, except, besides   [+ ins. / abl.]

Tesu pāṇātipāto pharusavācā vyāpādo ca dosamūlena jāyanti. Kāmesu micchācāro abhijjhā micchādiṭṭhi ca lobhamūlena. Sesāni cattāri pi dvīhi mūlehi sambhavanti. Cittuppādavasena pan' etaṃ akusalaṃ sabbathā pi dvādasavidhaṃ hoti.

Of them killing, harsh speech, and ill-will spring from the root of hatred. Sexual misconduct, covetousness, and false belief, from the root of attachment; the remaining four arise from the two roots. According to the classes of consciousness immoral kamma is twelvefold.

當中，殺生、惡口及瞋恨自瞋因而生；邪淫、貪婪及邪見自貪因而生；其餘四者自該兩因而生。依心的組別，此不善業一共有十二種。

NOTES

Dosa: (m) anger, hatred  瞋

Mūla: (n) root; lowest part, base, foundation; origin, source, commencement; front, foremost, first; cause; sum, amount, mass; price, money  根

Jāyati: to be born, be produced, grow, spring up, arise    pp. jāta

Lobha: (m) covetousness, desire, greed, lust  貪

Sesa: (adj) remaining       (m) remainder  其餘

Dve, dvi-, di-, du-, dvā-, bā-: (num) two

Sambhavati, sambhoti: to arise, be produced, spring from [+abl.]; meet with    ppr. sambhavaṃ     pp. sambhūta

Cittuppāda: (m) genesis of consciousness; (here =) citta, consciousness

Esa, eso: (pron) this; that   (n) etaṃ, (before a vowel) etad   pl. etāni

Sabbathā: (adv) in every way, thoroughly  全部

Dvādasa: (num) twelve

5.4.2.2 欲界善業

Kāmāvacarakusalaṃ pi kāyadvāre pavattaṃ kāyakammaṃ, vacīdvāre pavattaṃ vacīkammaṃ, manodvāre pavattaṃ manokammañ cā ti kammadvāravasena tividhaṃ hoti.

Moral kamma of the Kāma-plane is threefold according to the doors of action, namely, bodily action pertaining to the door of the body, verbal action pertaining to the door of speech, mental action pertaining to the door of the mind.

依造業之門，欲界善業有三種，即：屬於身門的身業、屬於語門的語業、屬於意門的意業。

NOTES

Pavatta: (pp. pavattati) starting, proceeding, setting out; begun, kept going, kept up, going on; existing; settled, fixed  轉起

Pavattati: to arise, begin, take place; start, set out; roll or flow onwards; become, be, exist; go on, proceed, be kept up    pp. pavatta

Tathā dānasīlabhāvanāvasena. Cittuppādavasena pan' etaṃ aṭṭhavidhaṃ hoti.

Dāna-sīla-bhāvanā-apacāyana-veyyāvacca-pattidāna-pattānumodana-dhammasavana-dhammadesanā-diṭṭhijjukamma-vasena dasavidhaṃ hoti.

Tam pan' etaṃ vīsatividham pi kāmāvacarakammam icc' eva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.

Similarly, it is threefold as generosity, morality, and meditation. But it is eightfold according to the classes of consciousness.

It is also tenfold according to (i) generosity, (ii) morality, (iii) meditation, (iv) reverence, (v) service, (vi) transference of merit, (vii) rejoicing in (others’) merit, (viii) hearing the doctrine, (ix) teaching the doctrine, (x) and straightening one’s views.

All these twenty kinds (unwholesome and wholesome) are regarded as kamma pertaining to the kāma-plane.

同樣地，依佈施、持戒與禪修亦有三種。但依心的組別則成八種。

它也可以成為十種，即：佈施、持戒、禪修、恭敬、服務、分享或迴向功德、隨喜（他人的）功德、聞法、弘法及正直己見。

這一切二十種（不善與善業）稱為欲界業。

NOTES

Tathā: (adv) so, thus; also  如是

Dāna: (n) giving; a gift; donation; almsgiving, charity, generosity  佈施

Sīla: (n) moral practice, precept, piety; habits, customs, practice  戒

Bhāvanā: (f) developing, attaining, being devoted to; meditation  修習

Aṭṭha: (num) eight     gen./dat. aṭṭhannaṃ

Apacāyana: (n) honoring, honor, worship, reverence  恭敬

Veyyāvacca: (n) service or duty performed by an inferior for a superior  服務

Patti: (f) obtaining, acquisition, attainment, gain, advantage

Pattidāna: (n) transference of merit to another  迴向功德

Patta: (pp. pāpuṇāti) obtained, reached, having attained

Anumodanā, anumodana: (f/n) rejoicing, satisfaction, approval, thanks

Pattānumodana: (n) rejoicing in (others’) merit  隨喜（他人的）功德

Savana: (n) hearing; the ear

Dhammasavana: (n) hearing the Dhamma  聞法

Desanā: (f) instruction; teaching, preaching; a sermon or discourse

Dhammadesanā: (f) teaching the Dhamma  弘法

Uju, ujju: (adj) straight, direct, straightforward, honest, upright

Diṭṭhijjukamma: (n) straightening one’s views  正直己見

Dasa: (num) ten

Vīsati: (num) 20, twenty

Saṅkhā, saṅkhyā: (f) calculation; number, sum, numeral; understanding, reason, intelligence

Saṅkhaṃ gacchati: to be reckoned as, to be called or termed

5.4.2.3 色界善業

Rūpāvacarakusalaṃ pana manokammam eva. Tañ ca bhāvanāmayaṃ appanāppattaṃ jhānaṅgabhedena pañcavidhaṃ hoti.

Moral kamma of the rūpa-plane is purely mental action, and is caused by meditation. According to the jhāna factors that involve ecstasy, it is fivefold.

色界善業純粹屬於意門。它是已達到安止的禪修，依諸禪支的分別而有五種。

NOTES

Maya: (adj) made of, consisting of, created by, derived from

Appanā: (f) absorption (of mind), ecstasy, fixing of thought on an object  安止

Patta: (pp. pāpuṇāti) obtained, reached, having attained

Jhāna: (n) meditation, contemplation; religious meditation; ecstasy, trance  禪

Aṅga: (n) a part, limb, member; portion, division, a cause, requisite; a quality, attribute  支，部分，屬性

Jhānaṅga: (n) jhāna factor  禪支

Bheda: (m) breaking; rending; division; disunion; breach; schism; sort, kind  分別

Pañca: (num) five

5.4.2.4 無色界善業

Tathā arūpāvacarakusalañ ca manokammam. Tam pi bhāvanāmayaṃ appanāppattaṃ ālambanabhedena catubbidhaṃ hoti.

Similarly moral Kamma of the arūpa-plane is mental action, and is also caused by meditation. According to the objects of jhāna that involve ecstasy, it is fourfold.

同樣地，無色界善業純粹屬於意門。它是已達到安止的禪修，依所緣的分別而有四種。

NOTES

Ālambana, -ṇa : (n) support; an object of sense  所緣，（感官）目標

Catubbidha: (adj) fourfold

5.4.3 業的果報

5.4.3.1 不善業的果報

Ettha akusalakammam uddhaccarahitaṃ apāyabhūmiyaṃ paṭisandhiṃ janeti. Pavattiyaṃ pana sabbam pi dvādasavidhaṃ satt' ākusalapākāni sabbatthā pi kāmaloke rūpaloke ca yathārahaṃ vipaccati.

Herein immoral kamma, excluding restlessness, causes rebirth in a woeful state. But during lifetime all the twelve take effect.

The seven unwholesome resultants are experienced anywhere in the kāma plane and the rūpa plane according to circumstances.

於此，除了掉舉之外的不善業，都能產生投生至惡地的結生。但在生命期裡，一切十二（不善心）都能根據情況在欲界或色界裡產生七種不善果報心。

NOTES

Ettha: (adv) here; herein; now

Uddhacca: (n) restlessness, disquietude, mental distraction or confusion 掉舉

Rahita: (pp) deprived of, without

Apāyabhūmi: (f) the woeful plane  惡趣地

Paṭisandhi: (m/f) entering the womb in a new existence, conception, rebirth, transmigration; rebirth-linking  結生

Janeti: (caus. jāyati) to bring forth, produce, beget, cause, give rise to

Pavatti: (f) flow onwards, going on; affairs; occurrence, incident; news, tidings; practice, conduct; beginning, setting on foot, establishment; existence, being (Here pavatti refers to all thought-processes that occur during the course of one’s lifetime.)  轉起；生命期

Sabba: (adj) all, every, whose, entire

Satta: (num) seven

Pāka: (m/n) cooking; ripeness, maturity; result, fulfillment, accomplishment  果報；成熟

Loka: (m) the world, the universe; mankind; a being or creature　世界

Kāmaloka: (m) the sensuous world  欲界

Yathārahaṃ: (adv) according to worth; properly, satisfactorily, correctly, appropriately, duly

Vipaccati: to ripen, come to perfection; to be cooked, be tormented

5.4.3.2 欲界善業的果報

Kāmāvacarakusalam pi kāmasugatiyam eva paṭisandhiṃ janeti, tathā pavattiyañ ca mahāvipākāni. Ahetukavipākāni pana aṭṭha pi sabbtthā pi kāmaloke rūpaloke ca yathārahaṃ vipaccati.

Moral kamma, of the kāma-plane produces rebirth in the blissful kāma-plane. Similarly the eight Great resultants (are experienced) during lifetime. The eight (wholesome) rootless resultants are experienced anywhere in the kāma plane and rūpa-plane according to circumstances.

欲界善業能產生欲界善趣結生，也能在生命期裡產生大果報心。而根據情況，它能在欲界或色界任何地方產生八種無因果報心。

NOTES

Sugati: (f) happy condition; being reborn in heaven; heaven  善趣

Kāmasugati: (f) the blissful kāma-plane  欲界善趣

Vipāka: (m/n) result, resultant, product, consequence; good result, fruit, profit, reward; evil result, retribution  果報（心）

Mahāvipāka: (m/n) great resultant  大果報（心），即八個欲界（美心）果報心

Ahetuka: (adj) without a cause, rootless  無因的

5.4.3.2.1 善果報及因（根）

Tatthā pi tihetukam ukkaṭṭhaṃ kusalaṃ tihetukaṃ paṭisandhiṃ datvā pavatte soḷasa vipākāni vipaccati.

Therein the highest moral kamma accompanied by three roots, produces rebirth similarly accompanied by the three roots. During lifetime it gives effect to sixteen kinds of resultants.

於此，殊勝的三因善業能夠產生也具有三因的結生，而能在生命期裡產生十六種果報心。

Tihetukam omakaṃ dvihetukam ukkaṭṭhañ ca kusalaṃ dvihetukaṃ paṭisandhiṃ datvā pavatte tihetukarahitāni dvādasa pi vipākāni vipaccati.

Moral kamma, accompanied by three roots of a lower class and by two roots of a higher class, produces rebirth with two roots, and gives effect to twelve resultants, excluding those with three roots, during lifetime.

低劣的三因善業及殊勝的二因善業能夠產生具有二因的結生，而能在生命期裡產生十二種果報心，即除去具有三因的果報心。

Dvihetukam omakaṃ pana kusalam ahetukam eva paṭisandhiṃ deti. Pavatte ca ahetukavipākān' eva vipaccati.

But moral kamma, accompanied by two roots of a lower class, produces rebirth without roots, and gives effect to rootless resultants during lifetime.

然而，低劣的二因善業（只）能夠產生無因的結生，以及在生命期裡（只）能產生無因的果報心。

NOTES

Tihetuka: (adj) accompanied by three roots  三因的

Ukkaṭṭha: (pp) high, eminent; exceeding, excessive; excellent, superior

Dadāti, dajjati, deti: to give, grant, allow    ger. datvā, dadāya    pp. dinna

Soḷasa: (num) 16, sixteen

Omaka: (adj) low, inferior, vile

Dvihetuka: (adj) accompanied by two roots  二因的

Rahita: (pp) deprived of, without

5.4.3.2.2 另一種見解

Asaṅkhāraṃ sasaṅkhāravipākāni na paccati

Sasaṅkhāram asaṅkhāravipākānī ti kecana.

Tesaṃ dvādasapākāni das' aṭṭha ca yathākkamaṃ

Yathāvuttānusārena yathāsambhavam uddise.

Some (teachers) say that unprompted (states of consciousness) do not produce prompted resultants and prompted (states of consciousness) do not produce unprompted resultants.

According to them, as stated above, the arising of the resultants should be set forth in due order as twelve, ten and eight.

有些（導師）說無行（心）不會產生有行果報心，而有行（心）不會產生無行果報心。

根據他們上述所講的，果報心生起的次序是十二、十及八。

NOTES

Asaṅkhāra: (n) not being instigated or prompted by oneself or others; unaffected, but done spontaneously  無行，未受煽動或影響；自發

Sasaṅkhāra: (n) being instigated, induced or prompted by oneself or others; unspontaneous  有行，受到煽動或影響；非自發

Paccati: to ripen, come to perfection; to be cooked, be tormented

Yathākkamaṃ: (adv) in due order, successively  依序

Yathā: (adv) as, like; how, when

Vatti: to speak, say; speak to, address   pp. vutta, utta    aor. avoca  說

Anusāra: (m) following, conformity    ins. anusārena: according to

Yathāsambhavaṃ: (adv) according to birth or arising

Uddisati: to point out, explain; determine, appoint; recite; specify   opt. uddise pp. uddiṭṭha     ger. uddissa, uddisitvā

5.4.3.3 色界善業的果報

Rūpāvacarakusalaṃ pana paṭhamajjhānaṃ parittaṃ bhāvetvā brahmapārisajjesu uppajjanti. Tad eva majjhimaṃ bhāvetvā brahmapurohitesu, paṇītaṃ bhāvetvā mahābrahmesu.

As regards moral kamma of the rūpa-plane, those who develop the first jhāna to a minor degree are born amongst the Brahma’s Retinue. Developing the same to a Medium degree, they are born amongst the Brahma’s Ministers. Developing them to a high degree, they are born amongst the Mahā Brahma gods.

關於色界善業，培育初禪到有限程度的人投生到梵眾天；培育它到中等程度的人投生到梵輔天；培育它到上等程度的人投生到大梵天。

Tathā dutiyajjhānaṃ tatiyajjhānañ ca parittaṃ bhāvetvā parittābhesu; majjhimaṃ bhāvetvā appamāṇābhesu; paṇītaṃ bhāvetvā ābhassaresu.

Similarly, developing the second jhāna and the third jhāna to a minor degree, they are born amongst the gods of Minor Lustre. Developing them to a medium degree, they are born amongst gods of Infinite Lustre. Developing them to a high degree, they are born amongst the Radiant gods.

同樣地，培育第二禪及第三禪到有限程度的人投生到少光天；培育它們到中等程度的人投生到無量光天；培育它們到上等程度的人投生到光音天。

Catutthajjhānaṃ parittaṃ bhāvetvā parittasubhesu; majjhimaṃ bhāvetvā appamāṇasubhesu; paṇītaṃ bhāvetvā subhakiṇhesu.

Developing the fourth jhāna to a minor degree, they are born amongst the gods of Minor Aura. Developing it to a medium degree, they are born amongst gods full of unlimited Aura. Developing it to a high degree, they are born amongst gods of Steady Aura.

培育第四禪到有限程度的人投生到少淨天；培育它到中等程度的人投生到無量淨天；培育它到上等程度的人投生到遍淨天。

Pañcamajjhānaṃ bhāvetvā vehapphalesu. Tad eva saññāvirāgaṃ bhāvetvā asaññasattesu. Anāgāmino pana suddhāvāsesu uppajjanti.

Developing the fifth jhāna, they are born amongst the gods of the Great Reward. Developing it with no attachment to consciousness, they are born amongst beings without consciousness. The Never-Returners are born in the Pure Abodes.

培育第五禪的人投生到廣果天。培育對想厭離的人投生到無想有情天。但阿那含則投生到淨居天。

NOTES

Paṭhamajjhāna: (n) the first jhāna  初禪

Paritta: (adj) small, brief, limited

Bhāveti: to develop, practice; increase, enlarge; produce, obtain; dwell upon

Brahmapārisajja: (m/adj) belonging to the retinue of Mahābrahma  梵眾天

Uppajjati: to arise, originate, be produced, be born, appear

Majjhima: (adj) middle, central, moderate, of medium size

Brahmapurohita: (m) minister or priest to Mahābrahma

     (adj) belonging to the realm of Brahma’s Ministers  梵輔天

Paṇīta: (pp. paṇeti) accomplished, eminent, excellent, exalted; sweet, nice

Mahābrahma: (m) the Great Brahma  大梵天

Dutiyajjhāna: (n) the second jhāna  二禪

Tatiyajjhāna: (n) the third jhāna  三禪

Parittābha: (m/adj) of minor brilliancy  少光天

Appamāṇābha: (m/adj) of infinite splendor  無量光天

Ābhassara: (m/adj) shining, radiant  極光淨天（舊譯光音天）

Catutthajjhāna: (n) the fourth jhāna  四禪

Parittasubha: (m/adj) of limited splendor  少淨天

Appamāṇasubha: (m/adj) of infinite beauty or glory  無量淨天

Subhakiṇṇa, subhakiṇha, subhakiṇṇaka: (m/adj) filled and pervaded with radiance  遍淨天

Pañcamajjhāna: (n) the fifth jhāna  五禪

Vehapphala: (m/adj) very fruitful  廣果天

Saññā: (f) perception, consciousness, sense; intellect, thought; sign, gesture  想

Virāga: (m) absence of desire or human passion

Saññāvirāga: (m) absence of or non-attachment to consciousness

Asaññasatta: (m/adj) unconscious; mindless being  無想有情天

Anāgāmī: (m) one who does not return, one who has entered the third path to Nirvāṇa  阿那含

Suddhāvāsa: (m) pure abode  淨居天

5.4.3.4 無色界善業的果報

Arūpāvacarakusalañ ca yathākkamaṃ bhāvetvā āruppesu uppajjanti.

Developing moral kamma pertaining to the Formless Sphere, they are born in Formless Spheres in corresponding order.

培育無色禪善業之後，他們投生到（與自己所證得的禪那）層次相等的無色界天。

NOTES

Yathākkamaṃ: (adv) in due order, successively  依序

Āruppa: (m/adj) formless, incorporeal, belonging to Arūpabrahmaloka  無色界

5.4.4 結論

Itthaṃ mahaggataṃ puññaṃ yathābhūmi vavatthitaṃ

Janeti sadisaṃ pākaṃ paṭisandhippavattiyaṃ.

Idam ettha kammacatukkaṃ.

Thus sublimated merit, determined according to spheres, produces similar results (both) at rebirth and in one’s lifetime.

Herein this is the fourfold kamma.

如是依界分別的廣大福在結生與生命期裡都產生相同的果報。

於此，這是四種業。

NOTES

Itthaṃ: (adv) thus

Mahaggata: (adj) enlarged, extensive, great, lofty, sublime  廣大的

Puñña: (n) goodness, good work, merit   (adj) good, virtuous, meritorious  善，福

Yathā: (adv) as, like; how, when

Bhūmi: (f) the earth; place; stage; state; the ground; story of a house  地

Vavatthapeti: to determine, fix, settle, define, designate     pp. vavatthita

Sadisa: (adj) similar, like

Pavatti: (f) flow onwards, going on; affairs; occurrence, incident; news, tidings; practice, conduct; beginning, setting on foot, establishment; existence, being (Here pavatti refers to all thought-processes that occur during the course of one’s lifetime.)  轉起；生命期

Catukka: (adj) consisting of four, fourfold