About Hundertwasser (百水先生)
"A painter should act as an example against the consumer society. He should be an example of how to live in a waste-less society."
──Hundertwasser
我們所迫切需要的是美的藩籬;這些美的藩籬只有在不受約束、不具規則性的狀況下才能成形。天堂只能靠我們自己的雙手來創造,也就是當我們將自己的創造力與自然的自由創造力達到和諧的狀態下,那才是天堂之境。
──Hundertwasser (1991,4)
第一次看到 Hundertwasser 的早期畫作,多少會誤以為是 Paul Klee 的作品,正如同 Hundertwasser 所設計的建築物,似乎也會錯認是 Antoni Gaudi 的創作。然而 Hundertwasser 其實是奧地利20世紀末期相當有名的藝術家:
Friedensreich Regentag Dunkelbunt Hundertwasser (December 15, 1928 – February 19, 2000) was an Austrian artist (who later took on New Zealand citizenship). Born Friedrich Stowasser in Vienna, he became one of the best-known contemporary Austrian artists, although controversial, by the end of the 20th century.──Wikipedia
這位藝術家原來的名字是 Stowasser,開頭的 "Sto" 斯拉夫語意指 "one hundred" 後來改名為 Hundertwasser,中文翻譯為”百水”。有趣的是,我們甚至可以在他的畫作上看到類似中國書畫一般有中文”百水”二字的蓋章落款。
1977 年維也納市長 Leopold Gratz 給了 Hundertwasser 一個實現他建築藝術理念的機會:百水公寓 (Hundertwasserhaus),一個具體呈現了他所謂的「不可抑制的不規則性」的建築物:
Within the house there are 52 apartments, four offices, 16 private terraces and three communal terraces, and a total of 250 trees and bushes. The Hundertwasser House is one of Vienna's most visited buildings and has become part of Austria's cultural heritage.──Wikipedia
百水公寓在 1983-1985 期間建造完成,而在這棟公寓的正式開放日總共有 7 萬人前來參觀,目前也成為國際知名的觀光景點。
Hundertwasser 除了建立所謂的超自動主義 (Transautomatism),一種超現實主義擅用漩渦及滴狀圖案之外 (…a kind of surrealism, focusing on the viewer's fantasy rather than an objective interpretation...Transautomatism is based on the different styles which Hundertwasser developed, e.g. spirals and 'drops'.──Wikipedia),他主張的自然主義更可以透過其「五層皮膚論」 (Five Skins) 進一步了解他所想要闡釋的藝術理念。
以下就試著從這張 Five Skins 的圖表及官網相關內容摘要,讓我們重新思考「皮膚」以外的層次,包含「衣服」、「住宅」、「社會環境與認同感」以及「生態與人類」吧!
http://www.hundertwasser.com/skin
The art historian Pierre Restany writes in his book The Power of Art, Hundertwasser, The Painter-King with the Five Skins:
For Hundertwasser, man has three skins: his natural epidermis, his clothes, his house. When in 1967 and 1968 the artist delivered his “Naked” address to proclaim man’s right to his third skin (the free alteration of his house), he accomplished the ritual full cycle of his spiral.
He re-found his first skin, that of his original truth, his nakedness as a man and painter, by stripping off his second skin (his clothes) to proclaim the right to his third skin (his home).
Later, after 1972, when the major ideological turning-point had been passed, the spiral of Hundertwasser’s chief concerns began to unfold. His consciousness of being was enriched by new questions, which called for fresh responses and elicited new commitments. So appeared the new skins that were to be added to the concentric envelopment of the three previous ones. Man’s fourth skin is the social environment (of family and nation, via the elective affinities of friendship). The fifth skin is the planetary skin, directly concerned with the fate of the biosphere, the quality of the air we breathe, and the state of the earth’s crust that shelters and feeds us.
The First Skin: The Epidermis
This is the skin of the original truth, the simple truth that rests on a universal postulate: that nature engenders universal harmony and beauty. Art is the path that leads to beauty. Hundertwasser possesses the gift of showing us beauty in the most sublime aspects of its intensity.
The Second Skin: Clothing
Hundertwasser calls for a renounce of consumer society, a turn away from the dictates of fashion and from the unifying anonymity and uniformity of ready-made-clothing. He calls for the creativity of each individual and for the right to a creative design of our second skin.
The Third Skin: Man’s House
In answer to functional architecture with its dictate of geometrical straight lines and sterile grid system, which hurt nature and man, Hundertwasser offers a more human architecture in harmony with nature.
The Fourth Skin: The Social Environment and Identity
Identity of human beings is based on differing from each other and it is connected with social environment, with the affiliation with a specific group or a nation. To encounter the danger of conformism Hundertwasser creates distinctive signs of identity.
The Fifth Skin: The Global Environment – Ecology and Mankind
With his ecological concerns, his environmental campaigns and his support for environmental initiatives Hundertwasser expresses his believe in the supreme reality of nature, in a life in harmony with the laws of nature.
【推薦網站】
http://www.hundertwasser.at/
http://www.hundertwasser.com/
【推薦書籍】
http://www.eslite.com/product.aspx?pgid=1002167382038577
Hundertwasser/HARRY RAND (TASCHEN UK)