Chapter III   Pakiṇṇakasaṅgahavibhāgo

3.6 所緣之概要（Ālambana-Saṅgaho）

3.6.1 所緣之分析

Ālambanasaṅgahe ālambanāni nāma rūpārammaṇaṃ saddārammaṇaṃ gandhārammaṇaṃ rasārammaṇaṃ phoṭṭhabbārammaṇaṃ

dhammārammaṇañ cā ti chabbidhāni bhavanti.

Tattha rūpam eva rūpārammaṇaṃ. Tathā saddādayo saddārammaṇādīni. Dhammārammaṇaṃ pana pasāda-sukhumarūpa-citta-cetasika-nibbāna- paññattivasena chadhā saṅgayhanti.

In the summary of objects there are six kinds — namely, visible object, audible object, odorous object, sapid object, tangible object, and cognizable object.

Therein form itself is visible object. Likewise sound and so forth are the audible objects etc. But cognizable object is six-fold: — sensitive (parts of organs), subtle matter, consciousness, mental states, Nibbāna, and concepts

於所緣之概要，有六種所緣，即：色所緣、聲所緣、香所緣、味所緣、觸所緣與法所緣。

其中，（顏）色本身是色所緣。同樣地，聲等即是聲所緣等。但法所緣則有六種：淨色、微細色、心、心所、涅槃與概念。

NOTES

Ālambana, -ṇa : (n) support; an object of sense  所緣，（感官）目標

Saṅgaha: (m) taking, collecting; classification, conjunction, assemblage; compilation, abridgement; favor, kindness  概要，分析，組合，攝

Nāma: (adv) by name; indeed  名為；著實

Ārammaṇa: (n) that on which anything rests or dwells, a support, stay, basis, ground, cause, material; an object of sense; a thought, an idea  所緣

Rūpa: (n) form, figure, shape; image, representation; the body; beauty; natural state; characteristic  色

Sadda: (m) sound, noise; voice; a word  聲

Gandha: (m) smell, odor; perfume, fragrance; fragrant substance  香

Rasa: (m) flavor, taste; sap, juice; best part or extract of a thing, essence, sweetness; fluid, liquid; quicksilver; sentiment; vigor, strength  味

Phoṭṭhabba: (n) touch, contact  觸

Dhamma: (m/n) nature, condition, quality, property, characteristic; function, practice, duty; object, thing, idea, phenomenon; doctrine; law; virtue, piety; justice; the law or Truth of Buddha; the Buddhist scriptures; religion  法

Chabbidha: (adj) six-fold

Bhavati, hoti: to be, exist, become; take place, befall; behave    ger. hutvā

Tattha, tatra: (adv) there; thither; in that case; now; in that, therein

Tathā: (adv) so, thus; also  如是

Ādi: (m) beginning, starting point; -ādi, formed as the latter part of a compound, nearly equivalent to “et cetera”; -ādayo, the compound is in the masc. plural; ādīni, the compound is in the neuter plural  …等

Pasāda: (m) brightness, clearness, purity; joy, serenity of mind; faith; in function of sense agency, sensitive surface; sensory receptive substance in the five sense organs  淨，淨色

Sukhuma: (adj) small, minute; subtle; accurate; delicate, exquisite  微細的

Sukhumarūpa: (n) subtle matter  微細色

Citta: (n) the mind, the heart; thought, idea; will, intention  心

Cetasika: (adj) mental   (n) properties or adjuncts of the mind, mental states  心所

Nibbāna: (n) extinction; destruction, annihilation; Nirvāṇa; Arhatship  涅槃

Paññatti, paṇṇatti: (f) making known, manifestation, declaring, concept  概念

Vasena: (ins. of vasa; used adverbially, either with a gen. or as the last part of a compound) according to, for the sake of, on account of, by means of, for, as

Chadhā: (adv) six-fold, in six ways

Saṅgayhati: (pass. saṅgaṇhāti) to be taken, collected, compiled, included

3.6.2 依門分類

Tattha cakkhudvārikacittānaṃ sabbesam pi rūpam eva ārammaṇaṃ. Tañ ca paccuppannam eva. Tathā sotadvārikacittādīnam pi saddādīni. Tāni ca paccuppannāni yeva.

Manodvārikacittānaṃ pana chabbidham pi paccuppannam atītaṃ anāgataṃ kālavimuttañ ca yathāraham ālambanaṃ hoti.

Dvāravimuttānañ ca pana paṭisandhi-bhavaṅga-cuti saṅkhātānaṃ chabbidham pi yathāsambhavaṃ yebhuyyena bhavantare chadvāragahitaṃ paccuppannam atītaṃ paññattibhūtaṃ vā kammaṃ kammanimittaṃ gatinimitta-sammataṃ ālambanaṃ hoti.

To all types of eye-door consciousness visible form itself is the object. That too pertains only to the present. Likewise sounds and so forth of the ear-door consciousness and so forth also pertain to the present.

But the six kinds of objects of the mind-door consciousness are accordingly present, past, future, and independent of time.

To the ‘door-freed’ such as relinking, bhavaṅga, and decease any of the afore-said six becomes objects as they arise. They are grasped, mostly through the six doors, pertaining to the immediately preceding life, as past or present object or as concepts. They are (technically) known as Kamma, a symbol of Kamma, or a symbol of the state of rebirth.

一切眼門心都只以色為所緣，而且只屬於現在（的所緣）。同樣地，聲等是耳門心等的所緣，它們也只屬於現在（的所緣）。

然而意門心的所緣有六種，而且，根據情況，該所緣可以是屬於現在、過去、未來，或與時間無關。

再者，於結生、有分、死亡（三種）離門心，所緣亦有六種。根據情況，一般上那於前一世已被六門之一識知的所緣，可以是現在或過去所緣，或是概念。此所緣是業、或業相、或趣相。

NOTES

Cakkhudvārikacitta: (n) eye-door consciousness  眼門心

Sabba: (adj) all, every, whose, entire

Paccuppanna: (pp./adj) existing, ready, present  現在

Eva, yeva: (adv) just, quite, even, only

Manodvārikacitta: (n) mind-door consciousness  意門心

Atīta: (pp. acceti) past, elapsed; passed; having transgressed  過去

Anāgata: (adj) not come, not arrived; future  未來

Kāla: (m) time; right time, due season; meal time; death

Vimutta: (pp. vimuñcati) released, emancipated

Kālavimutta: (adj) independent of time

Yathārahaṃ: (adv) according to worth; properly, satisfactorily, correctly, appropriately, duly

Dvāravimutta: (adj/n) door-freed  離門

Paṭisandhi: (m) entering the womb in a new existence, conception, rebirth, transmigration; rebirth-linking  結生

Bhavaṅga: (n) life-continuum; factor of existence  有分

Cuti: (f) disappearance, vanishing, death, decease; leaving one world to be born in another  死亡

Saṅkhāta: (pp. saṅkhāti) reckoned, numbered; considered, called, named; weighed, estimated, learned

Yathā: (adv) as, like; how, when

Sambhava: (m) production, birth; origin, cause; union  生

Yathāsambhavaṃ: (adv) according to birth or arising

Yebhuyya: (adj) abundant, numerous, most

Yebhuyyena: (ins. used as adv) generally, mostly, as a general rule, frequently, numerously, entirely; almost all, altogether

Bhavantara: (n) another birth or existence, either a previous or a subsequent one

Gahita, gahīta: (pp. gaṇhāti) taken, received; kept, held; grasped, seized; caught, captured; occupied, taken possession of

Bhūta: (pp. bhavati) been, become, being; gone, past, former; real, true, right

Vā: (conj) or

Kamma: (n) doing, action, work, deed, business; a religious act, karma  業

Nimitta: (n) a sign, mark, token, symbol; omen; cause, reason  相

Kammanimitta: (n) a sign of Kamma  業相

Gati: (f) going, journey; resting-place, abode; result; state of existence, future state, destiny; rebirth; direction

Gatinimitta: (n) a sign of the state of rebirth  趣相

Sammata: (pp. sammannati) considered, regarded; esteemed, honored; approved, assented to, authorized, chosen; allowed

3.6.3 依心分類

Tesu cakkhuviññāṇādīni yathākkamaṃ rūpādi-ekekālambanān' eva. Manodhātuttikaṃ pana rūpādi-pañcālambanaṃ. Sesāni kāmāvacaravipākāni hasanacittañ cā ti sabbathā pi kāmāvacarālambanān' eva.

Akusalāni c' eva ñāṇavippayuttakāmāvacarajavanāni cā ti lokuttaravajjita-sabbālambanāni.

Ñāṇasampayuttakāmāvacarakusalāni c' eva pañcamajjhāna-saṅkhātam abhiññākusalañ cā ti arahattamaggaphalavajjita-sabbālambanāni.

Ñāṇasampayuttakāmāvacarakriyā c' eva kriyābhiññā-votthapanañ cā ti sabbathā pi sabbālambanāni.

Āruppesu dutiyacatutthāni mahaggatālambanāni. Sesāni mahaggatacittāni pana sabbāni pi paññattālambanāni. Lokuttaracittāni nibbānālambanānī ti.

Of them eye-consciousness and so forth have respectively form and so forth as their single object. But the three mind-elements have five objects such as form and so forth. The remaining Sense-sphere Resultants and the smiling consciousness have wholly Sense-sphere objects.

The Immorals and the javanas, dissociated with knowledge, have all objects except the Supramundane objects.

The Sense-sphere Morals and the super-intellect consciousness, known as the fifth jhāna, have all objects except the Path and Fruit of Arahantship.

The Sense-sphere Functionals, associated with knowledge, super-intellect Functional consciousness and the determining consciousness have in all cases all kinds of objects.

Amongst the Arūpa consciousness the second and fourth have Sublime objects. All the remaining Sublime types of consciousness have concepts as objects. The Supramundane types of consciousness have Nibbāna as their object.

在它們當中，眼識等各自取一種所緣，即色等。但三意界則能取色等（所有）五所緣。其餘的欲界果報心與生笑心只能取欲界所緣。

不善（心）和智不相應欲界速行能取一切所緣，除了出世間法。

智相應欲界善（心）及屬於第五禪的善神通心能取一切所緣，除了阿羅漢道與果。

智相應欲界唯作心、唯作神通心及確定心能取一切所緣。

於無色（禪心）當中，第二與第四取廣大所緣（即：廣大心）。其餘所有的廣大心取概念為所緣。出世間心取涅槃為所緣。

NOTES

Tesu: (pron. loc.) in / within / among them

Cakkhuviññāṇa: (n) eye consciousness  眼識

Yathākkamaṃ: (adv) in due order, successively  依序

Ekeka: (adj) one by one, each, severally  各個，逐個

Manodhātuttika: (n) triple mind element; pañcadvārāvajjana + 2 sampaṭicchana  三意界心（五門轉向心 + 兩種領受心）

Pañca: (num) five

Sesa: (adj) remaining       (m) remainder  其餘

Kāmāvacara: (adj) within the domain of sensual pleasure, belonging to the Kāmaloka  欲界

Vipāka: (m) result, product, consequence; good result, fruit, profit, reward; evil result, retribution  果報

Hasana: (n) laughter

Hasanacitta: (n) smiling consciousness  生笑心

Sabbathā: (adv) in every way, thoroughly  全部

Akusala: (adj) bad, evil, sinful, unhealthful; unskilled, unable  不善

Ñāṇa: (n) knowledge  智

Vippayutta: (adj) disconnected with, dissociated with  不相應

Javana: (adj) quick, fleet   (lit.) running swiftly  速行

Ñāṇavippayutta: (adj) dissociated with knowledge  智不相應

Lokuttara: (adj) transcending the world, supramundane, spiritual  出世間

Vajjita: (pp. vajjeti) without, except, be removed, excluding

Sabba: (adj) all, every, whose, entire

Sampayutta: (pp. sampayuñjati) connected with, dependent on, resulting from  相應

Kusala: (adj) skillful, expert, clever; lucky, happy, prosperous; good, right, virtuous, meritorious, wholesome  善

Pañcamajjhāna: (n) the fifth Jhāna  五禪

Abhiññā: (f) higher knowledge, transcendent or supernatural knowledge or faculty, super-intellect consciousness  神通；證智

Arahatta: (n) state of being an Arahā, Arhatship  阿羅漢的境界，阿羅漢道

Magga: (m) path, road; trace, track; course, passage  道

Phala: (n) fruit, grain, crop, produce; result, consequence; reward, profit  果

Arahattamaggaphala: (n) the Path and Fruit of Arahantship  阿羅漢道與果

Kiriya; kiriyā, kriyā: (n; f) action, performance; work, deed; function  唯作

Kriyābhiññā: (f) super-intellect Functional consciousness  唯作神通心

Votthapana: (n) establishing; determination, determining  確定

Āruppa: (adj) formless, incorporeal, belonging to Arūpabrahmaloka  無色

Dutiya: (adj) second  第二

Catuttha: (adj) fourth  第四

Mahaggata: (adj) enlarged, extensive, great, lofty, sublime  廣大的

Nibbāna: (n) extinction; destruction, annihilation; Nirvāṇa; Arhatship  涅槃

3.6.4 總結

Pañcavīsa parittamhi, cha cittāni mahaggate,

Ekavīsati vohāre, aṭṭha nibbānagocare.

Vīsānuttaramuttamhi, aggamaggaphalujjhite

Pañca, sabbattha chacceti, sattadhā tattha saṅgaho.

Twenty-five types of consciousness are connected with lower objects; six with the Sublime; twenty-one with concepts; eight with Nibbāna.

Twenty are connected with all objects except the Supramundane objects; five in all except with the Highest Path and Fruit; and six with all. Sevenfold is their grouping.

廿五種心緣取下等所緣；六種緣取廣大（心）；廿一種緣取概念；八種緣取涅槃。

二十種緣取除了出世間法之外的一切所緣；五種緣取一切所緣，除了較高層次的道與果心；六種緣取一切所緣。如是它們的組別一共有七。

NOTES

Pañcavīsa: (num) 25, twenty-five

Paritta: (adj) small, brief, limited

Cha: (num) six

Ekavīsati: (num) 21, twenty-one

Vohāra: (m) practice, custom, law; business, trade; common use, currency; current speech, vernacular; current appellation, name  概念，慣例，名

Aṭṭha: (num) eight

Gocara: (m) pasture, abode, sphere, resort; an object of sense as form, sound, etc.  所緣，（感官）目標

Vīsa, vīsati: (num) 20, twenty

Mutta: (pp. muñcati) released; delivered; free, free from; discharged, shot  解脫，除去

Agga: (adj) first, foremost, chief, pre-eminent    (n) point, top, summit; height; front; beginning; sprout or bud of a plant; the first or best    (m) a chief

Ujjhati: to abandon, throw     pp. ujjhita

Acceti: to pass beyond, traverse; surpass; overcome, conquer; pass away   aor. accagā    pp. atīta

Sattadhā: (adv) sevenfold, in seven ways