Chapter III   Pakiṇṇakasaṅgahavibhāgo

3.3 因之概要（Hetu-Saṅgaho）

3.3.1 因之分析

Hetusaṅgahe hetū nāma lobho doso moho alobho adoso amoho cā ti chabbidhā bhavanti.

In the summary of roots there are six — namely, attachment, hatred, delusion or ignorance, non-attachment or generosity, non-anger or good will, and wisdom.

於因之概要當中，因（或根）有六個，即：貪、瞋、痴、無貪、無瞋及無痴。

NOTES

Hetu: (m) cause, reason, motive; origin, root  因，根

Saṅgaha: (m) taking, collecting; classification, conjunction, assemblage; compilation, abridgement; favor, kindness  概要，分析，組合，攝

Nāma: (adv) by name  名為

Lobha: (m) covetousness, desire, greed, lust  貪

Dosa: (m) anger, hatred  瞋

Moha: (m) delusion, error, folly, infatuation, ignorance; fainting, loss of consciousness  痴

Alobha: (m) absence of covetousness or desire, non-attachment  無貪

Adosa: (m) absence of hatred or anger, non-hatred  無瞋

Amoha: (m) absence of ignorance or error, correct knowledge  無痴

Chabbidha: (adj) six-fold

Chabbidhā: (adv) six-fold, in six ways

Bhavati, hoti: to be, exist, become; take place, befall; behave    ger. hutvā

3.3.2 依心分類

Tattha pañcadvārāvajjana-dvipañcaviññāṇa-sampaṭicchana-santīraṇa- votthapana-hasana-vasena aṭṭhārasa ahetukacittāni nāma. Sesāni sabbāni pi ekasattati cittāni sahetukān' eva.

Tatthā ‘pi dve momūhacittāni ekahetukāni. Sesāni dasa akusalacittāni c' eva ñāṇavippayuttāni dvādasa kāmāvacarasobhanāni cā ti dvāvīsati dvihetukacittāni.

Dvādasa ñāṇasampayutta-kāmāvacarasobhanāni c' eva pañcatiṃsa mahaggata-lokuttaracittāni cā ti sattacattāḷīsa tihetukacittāni.

Therein eighteen types of consciousness are without roots — namely, five-door apprehending, the twice fivefold sense-impressions, receiving, investigating, determining, and smiling. All the remaining seventy-one types of consciousness are with roots.

Of them the two types of consciousness associated with ignorance have only one root. The remaining ten immoral types of consciousness and the twelve Sense-Sphere Beautiful types of consciousness, dissociated with wisdom — thus totaling twenty-two — are with two roots.

The twelve Sense-Sphere Beautiful types of consciousness associated with wisdom and the thirty-five Sublime and Supramundane types of consciousness — totaling forty-seven — are with three roots.

於此，有十八種心是無因的，即：五門轉向、雙五識、領受、推度、確定及生笑心（1+5+5+2+3+1+1）。其餘的所有七十一心都有因。

在它們（七十一心）當中，兩種純粹只與痴相應的心只有一因。其餘十個不善心，以及十二與智不相應的欲界美心，一共二十二心只有二因。

十二與智相應的欲界美心，以及三十五廣大與出世間心，一共四十七心有三因。

NOTES

Tattha, tatra: (adv) there; thither; in that case; now; in that, therein

Āvajjana: (n) turning to, paying attention, apprehending, adverting the mind  轉向

Pañcadvārāvajjana: (n) five-door apprehending / adverting  五門轉向

Dvipañcaviññāṇa: (n) twice fivefold sense-impression, two sets of fivefold sense-consciousness  雙五識

Sampaṭicchana: (n) assent, acceptance, agreement; receiving  領受

Santīraṇa: (n) investigation, decision; as technical term denoting a stage in the act of sense-cognition, judging an impression; investigating  推度

Votthapana: (n) establishing; determination, determining  確定

Hasana: (n) laughter

Vasena: (ins. of vasa; used adverbially, either with a gen. or as the last part of a compound) according to, for the sake of, on account of, by means of, for, as

Aṭṭhārasa: (num) 18, eighteen

Ahetuka: (adj) without a cause, rootless  無因的

Citta: (n) the mind, the heart; thought, idea; will, intention  心

Sesa: (adj) remaining       (m) remainder  其餘

Sabba: (adj) all, every, whose, entire

Ekasattati: (num) 71, seventy-one

Sahetuka: (adj) having a cause  有因的

Tathā: (adv) so, thus; also  如是

Dve, dvi-, di-, du-, dvā-, bā-: (num) two

Momūha: (adj) silly, mad  純粹愚痴

Eka: (adj) one, single; alone; a certain; the same; chief; unique

Dasa: (num) 10, ten

Akusala: (adj) bad, evil, sinful, unhealthful; unskilled, unable  不善

Ñāṇa: (n) knowledge  智

Vippayutta: (adj) disconnected with, dissociated with  不相應

Dvādasa: (num) 12, twelve

Kāmāvacara: (adj) within the domain of sensual pleasure, belonging to the Kāmaloka  欲界

Sobhaṇa, sobhana: (adj) shining, resplendent, beautiful, good, embellishing  美

Dvāvīsati: (num) 22, twenty-two

Sampayutta: (pp. sampayuñjati) connected with, dependent on, resulting from  相應

Pañcatiṃsa: (num) 35, thirty-five

Mahaggata: (adj) enlarged, extensive, great, lofty, sublime  廣大的

Lokuttara: (adj) transcending the world, supramundane, spiritual  出世間

Sattacattāḷīsa: (num) 47, forty-seven

Ti-: (num) three

3.3.3 總結

Lobho doso ca moho ca hetū akusalā tayo

Alobhādosāmoho ca kusalābyākatā tathā.

Ahetuk' aṭṭhāras' ekahetukā dve dvāvīsati

Dvihetukā matā sattacattāḷīsa tihetukā.

Attachment, hatred, and ignorance are the three immoral roots. Similarly non-attachment, goodwill, and wisdom are moral and indeterminate.

It should be understood that eighteen are without roots, two with one root, twenty-two with two roots, and forty-seven with three roots.

貪、瞋及痴是三不善因。無貪、無瞋與無痴是（三個）善及無記（因）。

當知有十八種（心）是無因；兩種有一因；廿二種有二因；以及四十七種有三因。

NOTES

Tayo: (num. m.) three   loc. tīsu     (f) tisso     (n) tīṇi

Kusala: (adj) skillful, expert, clever; lucky, happy, prosperous; good, right, virtuous, meritorious  善

Abyākata, avyākata: (adj) undefined, unexplained; indeterminate  無記

Mata: (pp. maññati) thought, considered, believed, understood, known