Glossary of Abhidhammatthasaṅgaha   (Chapter I)

［簡單字，不加中譯。一字多義者，揀其中若干關鍵義中譯、或不附中譯。］

Abhidhamma: (m/n) higher doctrine, transcendental doctrine  阿毗達摩

Abhivādeti: to salute respectfully, to salute, greet, welcome, honor         Ger. abhivādiya  禮敬

Ādi: (m) beginning, starting-point  開始   +ādi: et cetera, and so on  +等等

Ādika: (adj) beginning with, first, initial;   +ādika [=ādi]: et cetera, and the rest

Āha: to say, speak; to call; to tell   pl. āhu, āhaṃsu  [only the 3rd pers. sing. or pl. are in general use, either a past or present signification]  說，謂

Ahetuka: (adj) without a cause, rootless  無因的

Ākāsa: (m) the sky, air, heaven; the open air; space  空

Ākāsānañcāyatana: (n) the Realm or Sphere of the Infinity of Space; the name of the first of the Arūpabrahmalokas, so called because it is dwelled by beings who have mastered the idea that space is infinite  空無邊處

Ākiñcañña: (n) nothingness, void; poverty, state of having nothing  無所有

Ākiñcaññāyatana: (n) the Realm or Sphere of Nothingness, so called because it is dwelled by beings who believe that nothing exists  無所有處

Akusala: (adj) bad, evil, sinful, unhealthful; unskilled, unable  不善

Ālambana, -ṇa : (n) support; an object of sense  所緣，（感官）目標

Anāgāmi: (m) one who does not return, one who has entered the third path to Nirvāṇa  阿那含

Ananta: (adj) endless, eternal; boundless, infinite  無邊     (n) infinity, endlessness, boundlessness; the Infinite, Nirvāṇa

Aṅga: (n) a part, portion, division, factor; a limb, member; a means, cause; a requisite; a quality, attribute  支，部分，因子；特性

Anta: (m/n) end; limit, boundary; proximity, side; destruction, death; lowest, inferior; interior    loc. ante: at the end, at the last  邊，際

Anuttara: (adj) unrivaled, preeminent, incomparable, supreme  無上

Āpanna: (pp. āpajjati) entered upon, fallen into  入

Arahā, Arahaṃ: (m) a venerable person, a holy man, a saint; one who has attained final sanctification, an Arhat  阿羅漢

Arahatta: (n) state of being an Arahā, Arhatship  阿羅漢的境界，阿羅漢道

Arūpa: (adj) without form, formless, incorporeal, immaterial  無色

Arūpāvacara: (m) realm or world of Formlessness  無色界

Āruppa: (adj) formless, incorporeal, belonging to Arūpabrahmaloka  無色

Asaṅkhārika: (adj) not instigated or prompted by oneself or others; unaffected, but done spontaneously  無行，未受煽動或影響；自發的

Atha, atho: (adv) and; also; then; but; now

Atta: (m) that which has been taken up, assumed

Attha, aṭṭha, aṭṭa: (m) desire, want, need; occasion; cause, reason, purpose; object, thing, substance; advantage, good, welfare; property, wealth; meaning, sense, significance  事物；義；利 etc.

Aṭṭha: (num) eight

Aṭṭhadhā: (adv) eightfold, in eight ways

Aṭṭhārasa, aṭṭhādasa (num) 18, eighteen

Atthi: to be, exist       opt. 3^rd pl. siyuṃ, assu, siyaṃsu

Atula: (adj) incomparable, admirable  無與倫比的

Avacara: (m) sphere, realm, home  界

Āvajjana: (n) turning to, paying attention, apprehending, adverting the mind  轉向

Āyatana: (n) place, dwelling, abode, home, seat; altar, shrine; place of origin, source, cause, origin  處

Bhāsati: to speak, say, address     1st sing. aor. (a)bhāsiṃ or (a)bhāsissaṃ (conditional)     fut. 1st sing. bhāsissāmi, bhāsissaṃ  說

Bhavati, hoti: to be, exist, become; take place, befall; behave    opt. bhave

Bheda: (m) breaking; rending; division; disunion; breach; schism; sort, kind  分別

Budha: (adj/m) wise; a wise man  有智慧的；智者

Cakkhu: (m/n) the eye; insight; supernatural insight or knowledge  眼

Cattāḷīsa, cattārīsa: (f. num) 40, forty

Cattāri: (n. num) four    (m) cattāro, caturo     (f) catasso

Catubbidha: (adj) fourfold

Catudhā: (adv) in four parts, fourfold

Catupaññāsa: (num) 54, fifty-four

Catupaññāsadhā: (adv) in 54 ways, 54-fold

Catuttha: (adj) fourth  第四

Catuvīsati: (f. num) 24, twenty-four

Cetasika: (adj) mental   (n) properties or adjuncts of the mind, mental states  心所

Chattiṃsa: (num) 36, thirty-six

Citta: (n) the mind, the heart; thought, idea; will, intention  心

Diṭṭhi: (f) sight, view; the eye; religious belief, doctrine; false doctrine, heresy  見，邪見

Diṭṭhigata: (adj) connected with wrong view  有邪見的

Domanassa: (n) dejection, gloom, melancholy, grief  憂

Dosa: (m) anger, hatred  瞋

Dukkha: (n) pain, suffering, trouble  苦

Dutiya: (adj) second  第二

Dvādasa: (num) twelve

Dvādasadhā: (adv) in 12 ways, twelvefold

Dvāra: (n) a door, gate; an entrance, an aperture  門

Dve: (num) two

Dvidhā: (adv) in two ways, of two kinds

Dvipaññāsa: (num) 52

Eka: (adj) one, single; alone; a certain; the same; chief; unique  一，同

Ekādasa: (num) eleven

Ekagga: (adj) calm, tranquil  一境的，平靜的

Ekaggatā: (f) tranquility of the mind, one-pointedness  一境性

Ekanavuti: (num) 91, ninety-one

Ekavīsasata: (num) 121

Ekavīsati: (num) 21, twenty-one

Ekeka: (adj) one by one, each, severally  各個，逐個

Ekūna: (adj) deficient by one, minus one   減一

Ekūnanavuti: (f. num) 89, eighty-nine

Ekūnasaṭṭhi: (num) 59, fifty-nine

Eva, yeva: (adv) just, quite, even, only

Evaṃ: (adv) thus  如是

Gaṇa: (m) a multitude, number, assemblage, troop, herd; a chapter of priests; the priesthood  群，僧伽

Gayhati: (pass. gaṇhāti) to be taken, be seized; be perceived, learned, obtained     imperat. gayhatu  被視為；被取得

Ghāna: (n) the nose, the organ of smell  鼻

Hasita: (n) laughter, mirth  笑

Hetu: (m) cause, reason, motive; origin, root  因，根

(adv) on account of, by reason of, by means of, for the sake of

Hetuka: (adj) having a cause; causing, instrumental  有因的

Hoti, bhavati: to be, exist, become; take place, befall; behave

Imāni: (pron. n.) these

Īreti: to cause to utter, say; to cause to move, shake   opt. īraye   pp. īrita  說，使說

Iti, ti, icc (before a vowel): (adv) thus; generally placed at the end of a book, or of a chapter or section, to introduce the title

Itthaṃ: (adv) thus

Jhāna: (n) meditation, contemplation; religious meditation; ecstasy, trance  禪

Jhānaṅga: (n) a part or a factor of Jhāna  禪支

Jivhā: (f) the tongue  舌

Kāma: (m) desire, desired object; sensual pleasures, passion, lust  欲

Kāmāvacara: (adj) within the domain of sensual pleasure, belonging to the Kāmaloka  欲界

Karoti: to act, do, cause, cause to become, render, make, perform   ger. katvā      opt. kayirā, kayirātha, kubbetha, kare, kareyya  做

Katama: (adj) Which? What?

Kathaṃ: (adv) How?

Kāya: (m) the body; collection, multitude  身

Kiriya; kiriyā, kriyā: (n; f) action, performance; work, deed; function  唯作

Kusala: (adj) skillful, expert, clever; lucky, happy, prosperous; good, right, virtuous, meritorious  善

Lobha: (m) covetousness, desire, greed, lust  貪

Loka: (m) the world, the universe; mankind; a being or creature　世間

Lokuttara: (adj) transcending the world, supramundane, spiritual  出世間

Magga: (m) path, road; trace, track; course, passage  道

Mana: (m/n) the mind, the intellect, the thoughts, the heart  意，心

Mānasa: (n) the mind; intention, purpose  心

Maññati: to think, suppose, imagine, consider, esteem, know, believe, understand  理解，認為

Mata: (pp. maññati) thought, considered, believed, understood, known

      (n) wish, opinion, intention, doctrine

Moha: (m) delusion, error, folly, infatuation, ignorance; fainting, loss of consciousness  痴

Momūha: (adj) silly, mad  純粹愚痴

Mūla: (n) root; lowest part, base, foundation; origin, source, commencement; front, foremost, first; cause; sum, amount, mass; price, money  根

Mutta: (pp. muñcati) released; delivered; free, free from; discharged, shot  解脫，除去

Nāma: (adv) by name; indeed  名為；著實

Ñāṇa: (n) knowledge  智

Navuti: (f. num) 90, ninety

N’eva… na: neither… nor…  既非… 亦非…

Nevasaññānāsaññā: (f) neither perception nor non-perception  非想非非想

Nevasaññānāsaññāyatana: (n) the Realm or Sphere of Neither Perception nor Non-perception  非想非非想處

Nibbāna: (n) extinction; destruction, annihilation; Nirvāṇa; Arhatship  涅槃

Pabheda: (m) difference, distinction; sort, kind  區別

Pāka: (m/n) cooking; ripeness, maturity; result, fulfillment, accomplishment  果報

Pana: (adv) now, further; but, on the other hand, on the contrary, however

Pañca: (num) five

Pañcadasa, paṇṇarasa, pannarasa,: (num) 15, fifteen

Pañcadasadhā: (adv) in 15 ways, fifteenfold

Pañcadhā: (adv) in five ways, fivefold

Pañcama: (adj) fifth  第五

Paññāsa, paññāsaṃ, paṇṇāsa: (f. num) 50, fifty

Pāpa: (adj) evil, bad, wicked, sinful   (n) evil, sin, demerit   (m) a sinner  惡

Parama: (adj) highest, first, best, greatest, chief, principal, extreme, exceeding  最上，最勝，究竟

Paramattha: (m) best or highest sense; the truth, reality; completeness, perfection  究竟法     [abl. paramatthato]

Pariccheda: (m) division, separation, discrimination; definition; decision, judgement; limit, boundary, extent; section, region; chapter of a book  章

Paṭhama: (adj) first, foremost; earliest, previous; principal, chief, best  第一

Paṭigha: (m/n) anger, hatred  瞋恚

Phala: (n) fruit, grain, crop, produce; result, consequence; reward, profit  果

Phalatta: (m) bearing fruit  結果

Pīti: (f) joy, delight  喜

Puna, puno: (adv) again, anew, afresh; back; after that; next, further, moreover

Puñña: (n) goodness, good work, merit   (adj) good, virtuous, meritorious  善，福

Puññāpuñña: (n) merit and demerit  善與不善

Rūpa: (n) form, figure, shape; image, representation; the body; beauty; natural state; characteristic  色

Rūpāvacara: (m) realm or world of Form, Form-Sphere  色界

Sa-: (prefix) with, and

Sabba: (adj) all, every, whole, entire

Sabbathā: (adv) in every way, thoroughly  全部

Saddhamma: (m) good doctrine, true religion, the true faith, the religion of Buddha, good condition  勝妙正法

Sahagata: (adj) accompanying or associated with, joined to; connected with, based upon, imbued with, characterized by  俱

Sahetu: (m) with a cause  有因

Sahetuka: (adj) having a cause  有因的

Sahita: (adj) endowed with, accompanied by; united  俱

Sakadāgāmi: (adj) returning once   (m) one who has entered the second path to Nirvāṇa  斯陀含

Sama: (adj) same, similar, like, equal; just, impartial; full, complete, entire  同，類同；公正；全

Samatta: (pp) concluded; complete, entire, all  總計，全部

Sambuddha: (pp/m) thoroughly known or understood; one who is thoroughly enlightened, has known or discovered the Truth, a Buddha  等覺

Sammā: (indecl) fully, thoroughly, accurately, rightly, properly, really, truly  正

Sammāsambuddha: (m) one who is truly and perfectly enlightened, who has true and perfect knowledge of the Truth, a supreme Buddha  正等覺

Sampaṭicchana: (n) assent, acceptance, agreement  領受

Sampaṭicchati: to receive, accept, agree  領受

Sampayutta: (pp. sampayuñjati) connected with, dependent on, resulting from  相應

Saṅgaha: (m) taking, collecting; conjunction, assemblage; compilation, abridgement; favor, kindness  概要

Saṅkhāra: (m) constructing, preparing, perfecting, embellishing; aggregation; matter; Karma; everything which springs from a cause  行

Saññā: (f) perception, consciousness, sense; intellect, thought; sign, gesture  想

Santīraṇa: (n) investigation, decision; as technical term denoting a stage in the act of sense-cognition, judging an impression  推度

Sasaṅkhārika: (adj) instigated, induced or prompted by oneself or others; unspontaneous  有行，受到煽動或影響；非自發的

Satta: (num) seven

Sattatiṃsa: (num) 37, thirty-seven

Saṭṭhi: (f. num) 60, sixty

Sobhaṇa, sobhana: (adj) shining, resplendent, beautiful, good, embellishing  美

Somanassa: (n) joy, enjoyment, satisfaction  悅，喜

Sota: (n) the ear, organ of hearing  耳

Sota: (m/n) stream, flood, torrent  流

Sotāpanna: (m) one who has entered the stream, one who has attained the first stage of sanctification  須陀洹

Sotāpatti: (f) the state of a Sotāpanna  須陀洹的境界，須陀洹道

Sukha: (n) happiness; welfare; ease, comfort    (adj) blest; happy, delightful, pleasant; easy  樂

Taṃ: (pron) it; him

Tasmā: (adv) thereby, therefore, accordingly  因此，所以

Tathā: (adv) so, thus; also  如是

Tatiya: (adj) third  第三

Tattha, tatra: (adv) there; thither; in that case; now; in that, therein

Tāva: (adv) now, just, at once; really, indeed; yet, still

Tevīsa, tevīsati: (f. num) 23, twenty-three

Thuti: (f) praise, thanks  讚美；感謝

Tīṇi: (num. n. nom/acc) three

Tiṭṭhati, ṭhāti: to stand, stay; remain behind, stop; dwell, continue, abide, last, endure; live, exist, be       pp. ṭhita: standing, existing, remaining, lasting; firm, steady, permanent, etc.  站，住；持續，存立

Tu: (part. tv + vowel) now, but, indeed; never used at the beginning of a sentence

Uddhacca: (n) restlessness, disquietude, mental distraction or confusion 掉舉

Upekkhā, upekhā: (f) indifference to pain and pleasure, equanimity, resignation  捨

Uppāda: (m) springing up, producing, appearance; birth; an omen  生

Uttama: (adj) best, highest, chief, excellent, eminent, supreme, first-rate  最上

Uttara: (adj) higher, high, superior, upper; northern; subsequent  上，優於；北

Vā: (conj) or

Vacana: (n) speaking, saying, declaring; advice; word, speech, utterance, expression; sentence, passage, text  言語，言論

Vatti: to speak, say; speak to, address   pp. vutta, utta    aor. avoca  說

Vedanā: (f) feeling, sensation; pain, suffering  受

Vibhāga: (m) division  分析，分別

Vibhajati: to divide, apportion; distinguish, go into details, be minutely accurate  區分，剖析

Vicakkhana: (adj/m) knowing, wise, discerning, sensible, skillful; wise man  能辨析的；智者

Vicāra: (m) investigation, examination; sustained application  伺

Vicikicchā: (f) doubt, uncertainty  疑

Vidha: (m) part, fold; kind, sort; form, measure  部分，種類

Viññāṇa: (n) consciousness; thought, mind; intelligence, knowledge  識

Viññāṇañcāyatana: (n) the Realm or Sphere of the Infinity of Consciousness, so called because it is dwelled by beings who are filled with the idea that viññāṇa is infinite  識無邊處

Vipāka: (m) result, product, consequence; good result, fruit, profit, reward; evil result, retribution  果報

Vippayutta: (adj) disconnected with  不相應

Vīsati: (f. num) 20, twenty

Vitakka: (m) reflection, thought; argument; reasoning; initial application  尋

Vuccati, uccati: (pl. vuccare) to be called, be spoken (of), be meant, recited  被稱之

Yathā: (adv) as, like, how, when

Yoga: (m) junction, union; method, means, plan, device; application, endeavor, diligence, devotion, mental concentration  結合

［參考字典］

Childers, R. C. A Dictionary of the Pali Language. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2005.

Rhys Davids, T. W., and William Stede. Pali-English Dictionary. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 2003.