Glossary of Abhidhammatthasaṅgaha   (Chapter IX)

［簡單字，不加中譯。一字多義者，揀其中若干關鍵義中譯、或不附中譯。］

Abhidhamma: (m/n) higher doctrine, transcendental doctrine 阿毗達摩

Abhiññā: (f) higher knowledge, transcendent or supernatural knowledge or faculty, super-intellect consciousness 神通；證智

Abhibhavati: to overcome, master, be lord over, vanquish, conquer

Abhinivesa: (m) inclination, adherence   (adj) liking, loving, inclined to

Abhisambhavati, abhisambhoti: to come up to, to be able to (get or stand or overcome); to attain, reach     ppr. abhisambhonta

Abhivuddha, abhivuḍḍha: (pp. abhivaḍḍhati) increased, enriched, grown up

Addhāna: (n) a long time (three divisions of time - atīta, anāgata, paccuppanna); a road, a long distance

Adhimokkha: (m) steadfastness, determination; certainty, confidence 勝解，決意

Adhiṭṭhāna: (n) decision, resolution, self-determination, will 決意（住定）

Adhiṭṭhāti, adhiṭṭhahati: to stand on, insist on; to concentrate or fix one's attention on (c. acc.), direct one's thoughts to, make up one's mind, wish; to undertake, practice, perform, look after, celebrate     pp. adhiṭṭhita   opt. adhiṭṭheyya

Adhivāsa: (m) dwelling, residence; forbearance, acceptance, endurance

Ādi: (m) beginning, starting point; -ādi, formed as the latter part of a compound, nearly equivalent to “et cetera”; -ādayo, the compound is in the masc. plural; ādīni, the compound is in the neuter plural …等

Ādika: (adj) beginning with, first, initial;   +ādika [=ādi]: et cetera, and the rest

Ādīnava: (n) full of wretchedness     (adj) baneful 過患

Āgacchati: to come, approach; arrive, return   pp. āgata   ger. āgamma

Āgamana: (n. adj) coming, arriving; return, approach

Agga: (adj) (of time) the first, foremost; (of space) the highest, topmost; (of quality) illustrious, excellent, the best, highest, chief

Āhāra: (m) food, nutriment, nourishment; cause 食，營養

Ājīva: (m) livelihood, living, profession, conduct 生計

Ākāsa: (m) the sky, air, heaven; the open air; space 空

Ākāsakasiṇa: (n) the space kasiṇa 虛空遍

Ākiñcaññāyatana: (n) the Realm of Nothingness 無所有處

Ālambana, -ṇa : (n) support; an object of sense 所緣，（感官）目標

Āloka: (m) light; look, sight, view 光，光明

Ālokakasiṇa: (n) the light kasiṇa 光明遍

Anāgāmī: (m) one who does not return, one who has entered the third path to Nirvāṇa 阿那含

Ananta: (adj) endless, eternal; boundless, infinite 無邊     (n) infinity, endlessness, boundlessness; the Infinite, Nirvāṇa

Anantaraṃ: (adv) immediately following, next; adjoining

Ānāpāna: (n) inhaled & exhaled breath 呼吸，入出息

Ānāpānasati: (f) mindfulness of breathing 安般（入出息）念

Anatta, anattā: (n) non-self, without a soul     (adj) unreal 無我

Anavasesa: (adj) without any remaining, all, whole, everyone

Aṅga: (n) a part, portion, division, factor; a limb, member; a means, cause; a requisite; a quality, attribute 支，（部）分，因子；特性

Anicca: (n) impermanence, evanescence, inconstancy   (adj) unstable, impermanent, inconstant, transitory, perishable 無常

Animitta: (adj) signless   (n) signlessness 無相

Anukampā: (f) compassion, pity, mercy

Anuloma: (n) adaptation, conformity; in natural order 隨順

Anupassanā: (f) looking at, viewing, contemplating, consideration 隨觀

Anussati: (f) remembrance, recollection, thinking of, mindfulness 隨念

Anuyuñjati: to practice, devote oneself to, attend, pursue, exert oneself, to be zealous, be addicted to    ppr. anuyuñjanta

Āpa: (m) water 水

Āpātha: (n) sphere, range, focus, field (of consciousness or perception), appearance

Āpātham āgacchati: to come into focus, become clear, appear

Apāya: (m) going away, departure; disappearance, loss; misfortune, ruin; state of suffering or punishment 惡趣

Āpokasiṇa: (n) the water kasiṇa 水遍

Appamaññā: (f) boundlessness, immeasurability; illimitables 無量

Appanā: (f) absorption (of mind), ecstasy, fixing of thought on an object 安止

Appaṇihita: (adj) aimless, desireless, not bent on anything, free from desire   (n) aimlessness, desirelessness 無願

Appeti: to fit in, fix, fasten, apply, insert, attain; deliver, hand over, assign

Appita: (pp. appeti) fixed, applied, concentrated (mind); brought to, put to, fixed on

Ārabhati: to begin; undertake; attempt; exert oneself; obtain by exertion    ger. ārabbha    pp. āraddha

Arahā, Arahaṃ: (m) a venerable person, a holy man, a saint; one who has attained final sanctification, an Arhat 阿羅漢

Arahatta: (n) state of being an Arahā, Arhatship 阿羅漢的境界，阿羅漢道

Ariya: (n. adj) noble, distinguished, of high birth; right, good, ideal

Āruppa: (adj) formless, incorporeal, immaterial (n) formless existence 無色

Asāra: (n) that which is not substance, worthlessness     (adj) worthless, vain, idle

Asāraka: (adj) unessential, insubstantial; worthless, sapless, rotten

Āsava: (m) oozing, scum; misfortune; human passion, sin, corruption, depravity 漏

Āsevati: to practice, pursue, indulge, enjoy; to frequent, visit

Asubha: (adj) impure, unpleasant, bad, ugly, nasty   (n) foulness, impurity 不淨

Atīta: (pp. acceti) past, elapsed; passed; having transgressed 過去

Attā, ātumā: (m) self, body, person, individuality; life, mind, soul           acc. attaṃ, attānaṃ   ins./abl. attanā   gen./dat. attano: of oneself, one’s

Attābhinivesa: (m) adherence to self 我執

Aṭṭha: (num) eight     gen./dat. aṭṭhannaṃ     loc. aṭṭhasu

Aṭṭha, attha, aṭṭa: (m) desire, want, need; occasion; cause, reason, purpose; object, thing, substance; advantage, good, welfare; property, wealth; meaning, sense, significance

Atthi: to be, exist  opt. 3^rd pl. siyuṃ, assu, siyaṃsu   neg. natthi: there is (are) not, not exist   pres. 3^rd pl. santi   ppr. santa   loc. sati   neg. asati

Aṭṭhika: (n) (= aṭṭhi) a skeleton, bone 骸骨

Avadāta, Odāta (adj.) [pp. dā: to clean, purify] clean, white, prominently applied to the dress as a sign of distinction (white), or special purity at festivities, ablutions and sacrificial functions

Āvajjana: (n) turning to, paying attention, apprehending, adverting the mind 轉向

Āvajjati: to reflect upon, notice, take in, advert to

Āvajjeti: (caus. āvajjati) to bend, incline   ger. āvajjetvā

Avasesa: (adj) remaing, the rest

Avhaya: (m) calling, name    (adj) called, having the name of

Ayaṃ: (pron. nom. m/f) this

Āyukanta: (n) [āyuka + anta] end of life

Bhaṅga: (n) (v. bhañjati) breaking, spoiling, destroying 壞滅

Bhāva: (m) property, nature, state, condition; meaning, intention; gesture; substance, thing     ant. abhāva: not being, absence

Bhāvanā: (f) developing, attaining, being devoted to; meditation 修習

Bhavaṅga: (n) life-continuum; factor of existence 有分

Bhavati, hoti: to be, exist, become; take place, befall; behave   ger. hutvā

Bhāveti: to beget, produce, increase, cultivate, develop (by means of thought and meditation)     ger. bhāvetvā    pp. bhāvita     pfp. bhāvetabba

Bhaya: (n) fear, fright; danger, calamity 怖畏

Bheda: (m) breaking; rending; division; disunion; breach; schism; sort, kind 分別

Bhikkhu: (m) an almsman, a mendicant, a Buddhist monk or priest

Bhinna: (pp. bhindati) broken, broken up; divided, split

Bhūta: (pp. bhavati) been, become, being; gone, past, former; real, true, right

Brahmā/brahma: (adj) holy, divine, pious, brahmanic   (m) a happy and blameless celestial being, an inhabitant of the higher heavens; a holy person

Brahmavihāra: (m) divine abode, sublime state 梵住

Buddha: (m) Gotama Buddha or Sakyamuni; an enlightened one 佛

Buddhi: (f) wisdom, intelligence, knowledge 覺

Cāga: (m) abandoning, giving up, renunciation; generosity, liberality 捨棄

Cakkhu: (m/n) the eye; insight; supernatural insight or knowledge 眼

Carita: (n) action, behavior, conduct, temperament; living

Cāritta: (n) practice, proceeding, manner of acting, conduct

Cattāḷīsa: (num) forty

Catu, caturo, cattāro: (m. num) four   (n) cattāri     (f) catasso

Catubbidha: (adj) fourfold

Catudhātuvavatthāna: (n) the analysis of the four elements 四界分別觀

Catukka: (adj) fourfold, consisting of four, a set of four

Catuttha: (adj) fourth 第四

Cha: (num) six

Chabbidha: (m, adj) sixfold

Chabbīsati: (num) twenty-six, 26

Citta: (n) the mind, the heart; thought, idea; will, intention 心

Dakkhiṇā : (f) a gift; a donation given to a holy person or a Buddhist priest; an offering to unhappy beings in the Peta existence intended to induce the alleviation of their sufferings

Dakkhiṇeyya: (adj. m) one worthy of a dakkhiṇā

Dasa: (num) ten

Dassana: (n) seeing, looking; noticing; sight, appearance, look; perception, faculty of apperception, insight, view; theory, doctrine, belief 見

Devatā: (f) condition or state of a deva, divinity; divine being, deity

Dhamma: (m/n) nature, condition, quality, property, characteristic; function, practice, duty; object, thing, idea, phenomenon; doctrine; law; virtue, piety; justice; the law or Truth of Buddha; the Buddhist scriptures; religion 法

Dhañña: (n) grain, corn; (= dhana) property, wealth, treasure, money

Dhātu: (m/f) primary or elementary substance, element; principle; a property of a primary substance, such as color, sound, taste, etc.; an organ of sense; a constituent of the body, as flesh, blood, bones; the remains of a body after cremation; a sacred relic; a fossil; a metal 界，元素，（火化後）遺骨等等

Dibbacakkhu: (n) the divine eye 天眼

Dibbasota: (n) the divine ear 天耳

Diṭṭhi: (f) sight, view; the eye; religious belief, doctrine; false doctrine, heresy 見，邪見

Dosa: (m) anger, hatred 瞋

Dukkha: (n) pain, suffering, trouble     (adj) painful 苦

Dutiya: (adj) second 第二

Duvidha: (m, adj) twofold, two kinds

Dvāvīsati: (num) twenty-two, 22

Dvaya: (adj) of two sorts, two     (n) a pair, a couple

Dve, dvi-, di-, du-, dvā-, bā-: (num) two     gen. pl. dvinnaṃ

Eka: (adj) one, single; alone; a certain; the same; chief; unique

Eso, esa: (pron) this; that   (n) etaṃ, (before a vowel) etad   pl. etāni   gen./dat. etassa

Ettha: (adv) here; herein; now

Evaṃ: (adv) thus 如是

Gacchati: to go, go to, move, be in motion, proceed; depart     pp. gata    ger. gantvā

Gamana: (n. adj) the state of going, movement, journey, walk, striving for, pursuit; going or leading to, conducive to

Gāmin, gāminī: (adj) going, walking; leading to, making for

Gocara: (m) pasture, abode, sphere, resort; an object of sense as form, sound, etc. 所在；所緣，（感官）目標

Gotrabhū: (m) one who is in a fit state to receive sanctification; a priest; sublimation; change of lineage （更改）種姓；聖化

Gotta: (n) ancestry, lineage

Guṇa: (m) a string; a time; quality, characteristic; merit, virtue; excellence

Hata: (pp. hanti) struck, killed; destroyed, injured, mutilated

Hatavikkhittaka: (adj) mutilated and scattered-in-pieces 斬砍離散

Hi: (part.) for, because; certainly, indeed; alas

Idāni, dāni: (adv) now

Iddhi: (f) power, supernatural power, miraculous faculty; a miracle 神通

Iddhividha, iddhividhā: (n/f) the various sorts of iddhi 神變通（如意通）

Imāni, ime, imā: (pron. pl.) these   ins./abl. imāhi

Indriya: (n) an organ of sense; a power, faculty; function, organ; a moral quality; sense, perception, acquisition; sex 根，感官

Iti, ti, icc (before a vowel): (adv) thus; generally placed at the end of a book, or of a chapter or section, to introduce the title

Ito: (adv) hence, from this time; from this world; ago; here

Ito paraṃ: (adv) hereafter, from here on

Itthatta: (n) being here (in this world), the present state of becoming, this (earthly) state, existence in this world

Jahati, jahāti: to leave, abandon, give up, renounce, forsake   pp. hīna

Javana: (adj) quick, fleet   (lit.) running swiftly 速行

Jhāna: (n) meditation, contemplation; religious meditation; ecstasy, trance 禪

Jhānika: (adj) belonging to the meditations

Kāla: (m) time; right time, due season; meal time; death     The loc. kāle at the end of a compound may often be rendered by “when.”

Kalāpa: (m) anything that comprises a number of things of the same kind; a bundle, bunch; sheaf; a row, string, multitude; a quiver; usually of grass, bamboo - or sugarcanes, sometimes of hair and feathers 聚

Kama: (m) order, step, succession, method     [ins.] kamena

Kāma: (m) desire, desired object; sensual pleasures, passion, lust 欲

Kāmāvacara: (m/adj) Sense-Sphere; within the domain of sensual pleasure, belonging to the Kāmaloka 欲界

Kammaṭṭhāna: (n) (literally) the place of work, basis of action; each of the forty meditation subjects 業處

Kamyatā: (f) wish, desire, longing for, striving after

Kaṅkhā: (f) doubt 疑

Kaṅkhāvitaraṇa: (n) overcoming of doubt 度疑

Karoti: to act, do, cause, cause to become, render, make, perform   ger. katvā     opt. kayirā, kayirātha, kubbetha, kare, kareyya

Karuṇā: (f) compassion, mercy, pity for or sympathy with those who are suffering 悲

Kasiṇa: (adj.) entire, whole 遍   (n) one of the aids to kammaṭṭhāna, the practice by means of which mystic meditation (bhāvanā, jhāna) may be attained

Kathaṃ: (adv) how

Kāya: (m) the body; collection, multitude 身

Kāyagatāsati: (f) mindfulness occupied with the body 身至念

Khaṇa: (m/n) a moment; a brief measure of time; leisure; right moment, opportunity 剎那   khaṇe khaṇe: from time to time, moment by moment

Khandha: (m) aggregate, accumulation, multitude, quantity; bulk; the shoulder; the trunk of a tree 蘊

-khattuṃ: an adverb forming multiplicative numerals, e.g. ekakkhattuṃ: once; dvikkhattuṃ: twice; sattakkhattuṃ: seven times

Khaya: (m) end, destruction, decay, loss, exhaustion, cessation

Khīṇa: (pp. khīyati) destroyed, exhausted, removed, wasted, gone; in cpds. ˚ -- often to be translated "without"

Khīṇāsava: (m) one whose mind is free from all passions, esp. of an Arahant 漏盡者

Khuddaka: (adj) small

Kicca: (n) function; work, duty, service, business, need

Kilesa: (m) stain, soil, impurity; affliction; depravity, lust

Kiñci: (n) anything

Koṭṭhāsa: (m) a part, a portion, a share; lot, destiny

Kula: (n) clan, a high social class, good family, nobility; household, house

Labbhati: (pass. labhati) to be taken, be received, be obtained, be permitted

Labhati: to get, to receive, obtain, acquire; to obtain permission, to receive an opportunity, etc.

Laddha: (pp. labhati) (having) obtained, taken, received

Lajjī: (adj) feeling shame, modest, quiet, well-conducted

Lakkhaṇa: (n) sign, characteristic, mark; esp. a sign as implying something extraordinary or pointing to the future, therefore a prognosticative mark; a distinguishing mark or salient feature, property, quality 相

Lohita: (adj) red 紅

Lohitaka: (adj) bloody 血塗

Lohitakasiṇa: (n) the red kasiṇa 紅遍

Loka: (m) the world, the universe; mankind; a being or creature　世界

Magga: (m) path, road; trace, track; course, passage 道   ant. amagga

Mahaggata: (adj) enlarged, extensive, great, lofty, sublime 廣大的

Maṅgala: (n) blessing, boon; rejoicing, festival, festivity, festive ceremony (adj) auspicious, lucky, joyous

Maññati: to think, suppose, imagine, consider, esteem, know, believe, understand   pp. mata     imp. 3^rd pl. maññantu

Manodvāra: (n) the mind-door 意門

Manodvārāvajjana: (n) mind-door adverting 意門轉向

Maraṇa: (n) death, dying 死

Maya: (adj) made of, consisting of, born of

Mettā: (f) loving-kindness, friendliness, good will 慈

Moha: (m) delusion, error, folly, infatuation, ignorance; fainting, loss of consciousness 痴

Mudita: (pp. modati) pleased, glad, satisfied, only in cpd. ˚mana (adj) with gladdened heart, pleased in mind

Muditā: (f) rejoicing with others in their happiness or prosperity （隨）喜

Mukha: (n) the mouth (of a river); the face; front; entrance, opening; brim; commencement; means, cause

Mūla: (n) root; lowest part, base, foundation; origin, source, commencement; front, foremost, first; cause; sum, amount, mass; price, money

Mūlasoma: (m) a vihāra in Sri Lanka

Muñcati: to loose; release; dismiss; give up, abandon, omit; send forth     pp. mutta: released, delivered; free, free from; discharged, shot

Muñcitukamyatā: (f) desire to escape, desire for deliverance 欲解脫

Nāma: (n) a name, a noun   ins. nāmena: by name    (adv) by name, namely; indeed 名；名為；著實

Nāmarūpa: (n) name and form, mind and matter 名色

Ñāṇa: (n) knowledge 智

Ñāṇadassana: (n) knowing and seeing; or perhaps "the insight arising from knowledge," perfect knowledge, realization of the truth, wisdom 智見

Nava: (num) nine

Naya: (m) leading, guidance; conduct; prudent conduct, prudence; policy; way, manner, means, mode, method; inference, logical deduction -naya 理，方法

Nevasaññānāsaññāyatana: (n) the Realm of Neither Perception nor Non-Perception 非想非非想處

Nibbāna: (n) extinction; destruction, annihilation; Nirvāṇa; Arhatship 涅槃

Nibbidā: (f) weariness, disgust with worldly life, tedium, aversion, indifference, disenchantment 厭離

Niddesa: (m) description, attribute, distinction, exposition 義釋，闡述

Nikanti: (f) desire, craving, liking, longing for, wish 欲

Nīla: (adj) black, dark blue, dark green 青，黑

Nīlakasiṇa: (n) the blue kasiṇa 青遍

Nimitta: (n) a sign, mark, token, symbol; omen; cause, reason 相

Nipphanna: (pp. nippajjati) accomplished, perfected, trained

Nirodha: (m) cessation, annihilation; Nirvāṇa; obstruction, impeding 滅

Nirodhasamāpatti: (f) attainment of cessation 滅盡定

Nirujjhati: to cease, perish, be destroyed or annihilated  pp. niruddha 壞滅

Niṭṭhita: (adj) brought or come to an end, finished, accomplished

Obhāsa: (m) shine, splendor, light, lustre, effulgence; appearance; aura (rays emitted from the body on account of insight) 光明

Odāta: (adj) white, clean 白

Odātakasiṇa: (n) the white kasiṇa 白遍

Olambati: to hang down, hang on, to be supported by, rest on      ger. olubbha, olambitvā (=ālambitvā)

Oḷārika: (adj) gross, coarse, material, ample

Otarati: to descend, go down to [+ acc.], to take oneself to

Paccavekkhaṇā: (f) consideration, contemplation, reviewing 省察

Paccavekkhaṇañāṇa: (n) reviewing knowledge 省察智

Paccavekkhati: to look upon, consider, review, realize, contemplate, see

Paccaya: (m) 1. (lit.) support, requisite, means, stay, usually with reference to the four necessaries of a bhikkhu's daily life   2. reason, cause, ground, motive, means, condition; belief, trust, faith 資具，緣

Paccupaṭṭhāna: (n) (re)appearance, happening, recurring phenomenon 現起

Padahati: to strive, exert   ppr. padahanta: one who is striving   dat. padahato

Pādaka: (adj) having a foot or basis; fundamental, as a base or foundation   (n) basis, foundation, base

Padaṭṭhāna: (n) proximate cause, immediate occasion 近因

Paggaha: (m) exertion, energy

Pahāna: (n) giving up, leaving, abandoning, rejection     dat. pahānāya

Pajahati: to give up, renounce, forsake, abandon, eliminate, let go, get rid of, eradicate     ppr. pajahanta     pp. pahīna

Pakaraṇa: (n) exposition, arrangement, literary work, composition, book

Pana: (adv) now, further; but, on the other hand, on the contrary, however

Pañca: (num) five     ins./abl. pl. pañcahi

Pañcadhā: (adv) in five ways, fivefold

Pañcaka: (adj) fivefold, consisting of five

Pañcama: (adj) fifth

Paṇḍita: (adj) wise, skilled, circumspect, intelligent   (m) a wise person

Paṇidahati: to put forth, put down to, apply, direct, intend; aspire to, long for, pray for    ger. paṇidhāya     pp. paṇihita

Paṇidhi: (f) aspiration, request, prayer, resolve

Paṇīta: (pp. paṇeti) accomplished, excellent, eminent, exalted; sweet, nice   (n) the transcendent, sublime

Paññā: (f) wisdom, intellect, reason

Paññatti, paṇṇatti: (f) making known, manifestation, declaring, concept 概念

Paracittavijānanā: (f) knowledge of others’ minds 他心智

Para: (adj) distant, further; opposite; other, different; subsequent; highest, preeminent   abl. parato: further, afterwards, later on

Paraṃ: (adv) beyond, after   [+abl.]

Parama: (adj) superior; highest, first, best, greatest, chief, principal, extreme, exceeding

Paramparā: (f.) series, row, succession, lineage     [abl.] paramparāya: after the other

Pariggaha: (m) taking up, seizing on, acquiring, acquisition; discernment

Pariggahita: (pp. parigaṇhāti) taken, seized, taken up, haunted, grasped; comprehended, ascertained, discerned

Parijānāti: to know accurately or for certain, comprehend, recognize, find out   ppr. parijānanta

Parikamma: (n) preparation, preparatory proceedings or ceremony; getting ready by clearing, cleansing, etc. 遍作，預作

Parikammanimitta: (n) the preliminary sign 遍作相

Pariniṭṭhita: (adj) accomplished, completed

Paripantha: (m) obstacle, hindrance, danger, annoyance, misfortune, referring esp. to danger arising out of mishaps to or bad conditions of roads in the forests

Parisuddha: (adj) clean, clear, pure, perfect

Pārisuddhi, parisuddhi: (f) purity, purification

Pariyāya: (m) succession, order, turn; opportunity; way, manner; a cause; teaching, exposition

Passaddhi: (f) calming down, calmness, repose, tranquility 輕安

Passati: to see, look at, behold, observe; to see with the mind, learn, know, understand; to discover, find, meet with     opt. passe, passeyya, dakkhetha     ger. disvā     ppr. passanta

Pāta: (m) falling, fall; a cast, throw; discharge

Paṭhama: (adj) first, foremost; earliest, previous; principal, chief, best 第一

Paṭhamajjhāna: (n) the first jhāna 初禪

Paṭhavī (pathavī, puthuvī, puthavī): (f) the earth 地

Paṭhavīkasiṇa: (n) the earth kasiṇa 地遍

Paṭibhāga: (adj) equal to, similar, resembling   (m) counterpart, likeness, resemblance

Paṭibhāganimitta: (n) the counterpart sign 似相

Paṭikkūla: (adj) lit. against the slope; averse, objectionable, contrary, disagreeable, loathsome 厭

Pātimokkha: (n) the name given to a collection of various precepts contained in the Vinaya 波羅提木叉（pratimokṣya 梵文音譯 "that which should be made binding"）護解脫，別解脫

Pātimokkhasaṃvarasīla: (n) moral practice according to the precepts, restraint according to the precepts 護解脫（別解脫）律儀戒

Paṭipadā: (f) path, way, means, method, mode of progress, means of reaching a goal or destination; practice, conduct

Paṭipajjati: to enter upon (a path), to go along, follow out (a way or plan), to go by; to take a line of action, to follow a method, to be intent on 行道，修行

Paṭipatti: (f) way, method, conduct, practice, performance, behavior

Paṭisaṅkhā: (f) reflection, reflecting contemplation 審察

Patta: (pp. pāpuṇāti) obtained, reached, having attained

Paṭṭhāya: (ger. paṭṭhahati) putting down, starting out from, used as prep. [with abl.] from... onward, beginning with, henceforth, from the time of

Pattheti: to wish for, desire, pray for, request, long for     ppr. patthenta, patthayanta, patthayaṃ, patthayamāna     pp. patthita

Patthita: (pp. pattheti) wished for, desired, requested, sought after

Pavakkhati: (fut.) he will tell, declare, recite     1^st sing. pavakkhāmi

Pavattati: to arise, begin, take place; start, set out; roll or flow onwards; become, be, exist; go on, proceed, be kept up   pp. pavatta 轉起，生起

Pavuccati: (pass.) to be spoken of, to be called or termed   pres. 3^rd pl. pavuccare   pp. pavutta

Phala: (n) fruit, grain, crop, produce; result, consequence; reward, profit 果

Pīta: (adj) yellow 黃

Pītakasiṇa: (n) the yellow kasiṇa 黃遍

Pīti: (f) joy, delight 喜

Pubba: (adj) before; first, foremost; eastern; earlier; former, preceding; ancient, customary; at the end of a compound sometimes means “preceded by, attended by, accompanied by”

Pubbenivāsānussati: (f) recollection of past births 宿住隨念

Puggala: (m) an individual or person; a creature, being, man 個人

Puḷava: (m) a worm, maggot

Puḷavaka: (adj) worm-infested 蟲聚

Puñña: (n) goodness, good work, merit   (adj) good, virtuous, meritorious

Puthujjana: (m) common, ordinary people

Puthula: (adj) broad, large, flat

Rāga: (m) dyeing; human passion, evil desire, greed, attachment, lust 貪

Rasa: (m) flavor, taste; sap, juice; best part or extract of a thing, essence, sweetness; fluid; quicksilver; sentiment; vigor; essential property 味，作用

Rūpāvacara: (m) realm or world of Form, Form-Sphere 色界

Sabba: (adj) all, every, whole, entire

Sabbathā: (adv) in every way, thoroughly 全部

Sabbattha: (adv) everywhere, under all circumstances

Sacca: (n) truth

Sacchikaroti: to see with one's eyes, to realize, to experience for oneself   ppr. sacchikaronta

Sāda: (m) taste

Saddhā: (f) faith 信

Sādhāraṇa: (adj) general, common, joint

Sādhukaṃ: (adv) well, thoroughly

Saka: (adj) own

Sakadāgāmi: (adj) (sakad-āgāmin) returning once 一還，一往來

Sakadāgāmī : (m) one who has entered the second path to Nirvāṇa 斯陀含

Sakid (in composition, also sakad), sakiṃ: (adv) once   sakid eva: once only

Sama: (adj) same, similar, like, equal; just, impartial; full, complete, entire   (adv) samaṃ

Samādhi: (m) agreement, peace, tranquility, self-concentration, calm 定

Samādhiyati: (pass. of samādahati) to become tranquillized or self-absorbed   pp. samāhita

Samanupassati: to see, perceive, regard     ppr. samanupassanta 觀照

Samāpajjana: (n) entering upon, attainment 入定，證入

Samāpajjati: to come into, enter upon, attain; become     pp. samāpajjita, samāpanna

Samāpatti: (f) attainment; a stage of meditation 定

Samappita: (pp. samappeti) made over, consigned; fixed, endowed with, affected with, possessed of

Samāsevati: to develop, cultivate, practice

Samatha: (m) calm, tranquility, quietude of heart; cessation 止，奢摩他

Sammasana: (n) mastering, grasping (with the mind and dwelling upon one of the forty meditation subjects), gaining a thorough knowledge of

Sammasati: to touch, seize, grasp, know thoroughly, master; to think, meditate on     pp. sammasita    ppr. sammasanta

Sampajjati: to come to, fall to; succeed, prosper; turn out, happen, become

Samudaya: (m) rise, origin, origination, cause

Samuggaṇhāti: to seize, grasp, embrace, take up   ger. samuggahāya    pp. samuggahīta: seized, taken up, understood

Samuppanna: (pp. samuppajjati) arisen, produced, come about

Saṃvara: (m) restraint, closing

Saṅgaha: (m) taking, collecting; classification, conjunction, assemblage; compilation, abridgement; favor, kindness 概要，分析，組合，攝

Saṅgha: (m) a multitude, assemblage; the assemblage of Buddha’s priests, clergy, the priesthood 僧團

Saṅkhāra: (m) constructing, preparing, perfecting, embellishing; formation, aggregation; matter; karma; everything which springs from a cause; everything that is conditioned 行

Saṅkhāradhamma: (m) conditioned states, or things 行法

Saṅkhāta, saṅkhyāta: (pp. saṅkhāti) reckoned, numbered; considered, called, named; weighed, estimated, learned

Saṅkhipati: to shorten, abridge   pp. saṅkhitta   ger. saṅkhipitvā

Saññā: (f) perception, consciousness, sense; intellect, thought; sign, gesture 想

Sannisinna: (pp. of sannisīdati] sitting down together; (having become) settled, established

Sannissita: (pp.) based on, connected with, attached to

Santa: (pp. sammati) calmed, tranquil, peaceful, pure   (n) tranquility, calm

Santati: (f) extension, continuity, duration, lineage 相續

Sappaccaya: (adj) correlated, having a cause, conditioned, together with the conditions

Sappāya: (adj) desirable, advantageous, beneficial, suitable

Sarasa: (adj. sa + rasa) with its essential properties

Sāsana: (n) order, message, teaching

Sati: (f) mindfulness, recollection, reflection, attentiveness 念

Satta: (num) seven

Satta: (m) a being, creature, animal, sentient being, man

Sattakkhattuparama: (m) one who will be reborn seven times at the outmost

Sesa: (adj) remaining       (m) remainder 其餘

Sikhā: (f) peak, point, summit; crest, top-knot; flame

Sikhāppatta: (adj) pre-eminent, highest; having reached the pinnacle

Sīla: (n) moral practice, a moral precept; practice, conduct; habit, custom 戒

Sobhati: to shine, be radiant or beautiful

Sobhita: (pp. sobhati) shining, radiant, beautiful

Soma: (m) the moon; soma juice

Sotāpanna: (m) one who has entered the stream, one who has attained the first stage of sanctification 須陀洹

Sotāpatti: (f) the state of a Sotāpanna 須陀洹的境界，須陀洹道

Sukha: (n) happiness; welfare; ease, comfort   (adj) blest; happy, delightful, pleasant; easy 樂

Sukhuma: (adj) small, minute; subtle; accurate; delicate, exquisite 微細的

Suññata: (m. adj) void, empty; devoid of lusts, evil dispositions and karma, but especially of ego 空

Tadā: (adv) then, at that time

Taṃ, tad: (pron. n) it; him

Taṇhā, tasiṇā: (f) craving, lust, desire, human passion

Tasmā: (abl. of so, often used adverbially) thereby, therefore, accordingly

Tathā: (adv) so, thus; also 如是

Tatiya: (adj) third 第三

Tato: (adv) hence, subsequently, thereafter; from that place or time; further

Tato paraṃ: (adv) afterwards, next

Tattha, tatra: (adv) there; thither; in that case; now; in that, therein

Tāva: (adv) now, just, at once; really, indeed; yet, still; to begin with

Tayo: (num. m.) three   loc. tīsu     (f) tisso     (n) tīṇi     Frequently at the end of a compound, the whole forming a neut. noun. -ttayaṃ

Tebhūmaka: (adj) belonging to the three forms of existence

Teja: (m/n) fire, flame, heat; light, brilliancy; glory; influence; power 火

Tejokasiṇa: (n) the fire kasiṇa 火遍

Tesaṃ: (pron. gen./dat. pl.) of them, their; for/to them

Tilakkhaṇa: (n) three characteristics 三相

Tiṃsa, tiṃsati: (num) thirty

Tu: (part.) indeed, however, but, yet, now, then

Udaya: (m) rise, beginning, appearance

Udayabbaya, udayavyaya: (m) rise and set, rising and passing away, birth and death 生滅

Uddhumātaka: (adj) swollen, bloated, puffed up (of a corpse) 腫脹

Udita: (pp. ud - i, udeti) risen, high, elevated

Uggaha: (adj) taking up, acquiring, learning     (m) learning, acquisition

Uggahanimitta: (n) the learning or acquiring sign 取相

Uggaṇhāti: to take up, acquire, learn   ppr. uggaṇhanta   pp. uggahita

Ugghāṭeti: to remove, take away, unfasten, abolish, put an end, withdraw   ger. ugghāṭetvā   pp. ugghāṭita

Upacāra: (m) access, approach, approximation, entrance; attention; practice, conduct 近行

Upakkilesa: (m) anything that spoils or obstructs, a minor stain, impurity, defilement, depravity 染

Upalabbhati: to be found, received, obtained   pp. upaladdha   pfp. upalabbhanīya

Upasama: (m) cessation, quietude, calm, peace 寂止

Upaṭṭhāna: (n) attendance, waiting on, looking after, service, care, ministering; keeping near, readiness, mindfulness

Upekkhā, upekhā: (f) indifference to pain and pleasure, equanimity, resignation 捨

Uppajjati: to arise, originate, be produced, be born, appear, come into existence     ppr. uppajjamāna     pp. uppanna    fut. uppajjissati

Uppanna: (pp. uppajjati) born, reborn, arisen, produced

Uppatti: (f) arising, production, genesis, origin, rebirth     dat. uppattiyā

Uttama: (adj) best, highest, chief, excellent, eminent, supreme, first-rate 最上

Uṭṭhahati, uṭṭhāti: to rise, stand up, get up, to arise, to be produced, to rouse or exert oneself, to be active   ger. uṭṭhahitvā, uṭṭhāya (vuṭṭhāya)    pp. uṭṭhita [When uṭṭh˚ follows a word ending in a vowel, and without a pause in the sense, a v is generally prefixed for euphony.]

Vā: (conj.) or

Vajjita: (pp. vajjeti) without, except, be removed, excluding

Vāra: (m) time, occasion; turn; section; day of the week 時分

Vasena: (ins. of vasa; used adverbially, either with a gen. or as the last part of a compound) according to, for the sake of, on account of, by means of, for, as

Vasī, vasin: (adj) having the senses under control, having power (over), mastering, esp. one's senses   (m) a sage whose senses are subdued, a master (over), a saint, an Arhat

Vasitā: (f) mastery, (regular) habit (at) 自在

Vatthu: (n) substance, object, thing, matter; occasion, cause; story, narrative; base 依處

Vatti: to speak, say, call

Vavatthāna: (n) determination, resolution, arrangement, fixing, analysis 分別

Vāya, vāyu: (m) air, wind 風

Vāyokasiṇa: (n) the air kasiṇa 風遍

Vibhava: (m) power, wealth, prosperity

Vicāra: (m) investigation, examination; sustained application 伺

Vicchiddaka: (adj) (a corpse) fissured from decay, dismembered 斷壞

Vicikicchā: (f) doubt, uncertainty 疑

Vidati: to know, ascertain   p.f.p. veditabba: to be known or understood

Vidha: (m) part, fold; kind, sort; form, measure 部分，種類

Vihāra: (m) a Buddhist monastery or convent; state of life, condition; sojourn, staying, living, abiding, dwelling

Vikkhāyitaka: (adj) eaten up, (a corpse) gnawed by animals 食殘

Vikkhittaka: (adj) scattered all over (of a dead body with respect to its limbs) 散亂

Vimokkha, vimokha: (m) deliverance, release, emancipation, dissociation from the things of the world, Arhatship; Nirvāṇa 解脫

Vimokkhamukha: (n) door to emancipation 解脫門

Vimuccati: to be released, to be free (of passion), to be emancipated   pp. vimuccita

Vimutta: (pp. vimuñcati) freed, released, intellectually emancipated

Vinīlaka: (adj) purple, bluish black, discolored (of a corpse) 青瘀

Viññāṇa: (n) consciousness; thought, mind; intelligence, knowledge 識

Vipallāsa: (m) reversal, change (esp. in a bad sense), inversion, perversion, derangement, corruption, distortion 顛倒

Vipassanā: (f) inward vision, insight, intuition, introspection 觀，毘缽舍那

Vipassati: to see clearly; to have intuition, to obtain spiritual insight

Vippahīna: (pp. vippajahati) given up, abandoned

Vippajahati: to give up, to abandon    pp. vippahīna

Vipubbaka: (adj) full of corruption or matter, festering 膿爛

Vipula: (adj) large, great, broad, extensive

Visāla: (adj) wide, broad, extensive

Visuddhi: (f) purity, holiness, rectitude, correctness; Nirvāṇa 清淨

Vitakka: (m) reflection, thought; argument; reasoning; initial application 尋 ［此處引申為「散漫」（discursive）］

Vitaraṇa: (n) overcoming, getting through, abandoning; donation, gift

Vīthi: (f) a road, street, bazaar; a row, line

Vocchijjati: to be cut off     pp. neg. abbocchinna, abbhocchinna

Vocchindati: to cut off, arrest, interrupt     ger. vocchinditvā

Vutta: (pp. vatti) said

Vuṭṭhāna: (n) rising out, emerging, emergence 出定

Vyāpāda, by-: (m) making bad, doing harm: desire to injure, malevolence

Vyaya, vaya: (m) loss, decay, perishing

Yadā: (adv) when, whenever     yadā… tadā: when… then

Yadi: (indecl.) if

Yaṃ kiñci: (pron) whatsoever, anyone, anything

Yathā: (adv) as, like; how, when

Yathākkamaṃ: (adv) in due order, successively 依序

Yathārahaṃ: (adv) according to worth; properly, satisfactorily, correctly, appropriately, duly

Yathāsakaṃ: (adv) each his own, according to his (or her) own, respective(ly)

Yāva, yāvaṃ: (adv) until, while, as long as, in order that