Glossary of Abhidhammatthasaṅgaha   (Chapter VIII)

［簡單字，不加中譯。一字多義者，揀其中若干關鍵義中譯、或不附中譯。］

Ābandha: (adj) tied tightly, entangled

Abhiṇhaṃ: (adv) repeatedly

Abhiṇhaso: (adv) (abhiṇha+bahuso) always, constantly

Abhinibbatta: (pp. abhinibbattati) reproduced, reborn

Abhiññā: (f) higher knowledge, transcendent or supernatural knowledge or faculty, super-intellect consciousness 神通；證智

Ācariya: (m) a teacher or master, scholar, professor

Addhā: (m) time; a road, distance

Adhipati: (m) lord, chief, sovereign, master; predominance 增上，支配

Ādi: (m) beginning, starting point; -ādi, formed as the latter part of a compound, nearly equivalent to “et cetera” (= ādika); -ādayo, the compound is in the masc. plural; ādīni, the compound is in the neuter plural …等

Ādika: (adj) beginning with, first, initial   ant. anādika: without beginning

Āhanati: to beat, strike, throw, pound, press against; touch, reach   ger. āhacca, āhanitvā

Āhāra: (m) food, nutriment, nourishment; cause 食，營養

Ajjhattaṃ: (adv) within the individual, internally, subjectively

Ākāra: (m) appearance, mien, countenance; form; sign, token; way, manner, means; cause, reason; object, purpose; a constituent part of the body

Ālambana, -ṇa : (n) support; an object of sense 所緣，（感官）目標

Anāgata: (adj) not come, future 未來

Anantara: (adj) having or leaving nothing in between, i. e. immediately following, incessant, next, adjoining

Aṅga: (n) a part, portion, division, factor; a limb, member; a means, cause; a requisite; a quality, attribute 支，（部）分，因子；特性

Aññamañña: (m) each other, one another; mutual, reciprocal

Anusāra: (m) following, conformity     ins. anusārena: according to

Ārabhati: to begin, undertake; attempt; exert oneself; obtain by exertion  pp. āraddha   ger. ārabbha: beginning with, concerning, with reference to

Ārammaṇa: (n) that on which anything rests or dwells, a support, stay, basis, ground, cause, material; an object of sense; a thought, an idea 所緣

Arūpa: (n. adj) formless, incorporeal, belonging to Arūpabrahmaloka 無色

Arūpī: (adj) formless, incorporeal, immaterial

Asamphuṭṭha: (pp. adj) intangible, not touched, non-impact

Āsava: (m) oozing, scum; misfortune; human passion, sin, corruption, depravity, taint 漏

Āsevana: (n) succession, repetition; practice, pursuit, indulgence in

Atīta: (pp. acceti) past, elapsed; passed; having transgressed 過去

Attha, aṭṭha, aṭṭa: (m) desire, want, need; occasion; cause, reason, purpose; object, thing, substance; advantage, good, welfare; property, wealth; meaning, sense, significance 事物；法；義；利 etc.

Aṭṭha: (num) eight

Atthi: to be, exist, be present

Avasesa: (adj) remaining

Āvaṭṭanā: (f) turning, revolution

Avigata: (pp.) not gone, not disappeared, not dispelled

Avijjā: (f) ignorance 無明

Avijjamāna: (adj) not existing, non-existing

Ayaṃ: (pron. nom. m/f) this   gen./dat. (m) imassa

Āyatana: (n) place, dwelling, abode, home, seat; altar, shrine; place of origin, source, cause, origin 處

Āyati: (f) the future, futurity; length   adv. āyatiṃ: in future

Bahiddhā: (adv) outside, externally

Bahudhā: (adv) in many ways

Bhava: (m) being, existence; birth, origin; renewed existence, Saṃsāra; gain, increase, welfare 有，生

Bhāva: (m) property, nature, state, condition; meaning, intention; gesture; substance, thing

Bhāvākāramatta: the simple (mere) happening of a state

Bhāvanā: (f) developing, attaining, being devoted to; meditation 修習

Bhavati, hoti: to be, exist, become; take place, befall; behave  opt. bhave ger. hutvā     pp. bhūta

Bhāveti: (caus. bhavati) to cause to exist, produce, increase, cultivate, develop, contemplate (by means of thought & meditation)   aor. abhāvi

Bhojana: (n) food

Bhūmi: (f) the earth; place; stage; state; the ground; story of a house 地

Bhūta: (pp. bhavati) been, become, being; gone, past, former; real, true, right   (m/n) a living being; a spirit; vegetation, as trees, shrubs, grass; an element

Cakkhu: (m/n) the eye; insight; supernatural insight or knowledge 眼

Canda: (m) the moon

Cattāro, caturo: (m. num) four   (n) cattāri     (f) catasso

Catu-: (num) four

Cetanā: (f) consciousness, sense, thought, intention, volition 思

Cetasika: (adj) mental   (n) properties or adjuncts of the mind, mental state, mental factor 心所

Cha: (num) six

Chabbidhā: (adv) six-fold, in six ways

Chadhā: (adv) six-fold, in six ways

Chaḷabhiñña: (m) possessor of sixfold supernormal knowledge

Chāyā: (f) shadow, shade, reflected image; pretext, fiction

Citta: (n) the mind, the heart; thought, idea; will, intention 心

Cittasamuṭṭhānarūpa: (n) material phenomena originating from consciousness 心生色

Cittuppāda: (m) genesis of consciousness; (here =) citta, consciousness

Dhamma: (m/n) nature, condition, quality, property, characteristic; function, practice, duty; object, thing, idea, phenomenon; doctrine; law; virtue, piety; justice; the law or Truth of Buddha; the Buddhist scriptures; religion 法

Dhātu: (m/f) primary or elementary substance, element; principle; a property of a primary substance, such as color, sound, taste, etc.; an organ of sense; a constituent of the body, as flesh, blood, bones; the remains of a body after cremation; a sacred relic; a fossil; a metal 界，元素，（火化後）遺骨等等

Disā: (f) point of the compass, region, quarter, direction, bearing

Domanassa: (n) dejection, gloom, melancholy, grief, displeasure 憂

Dukkha: (n) pain, suffering, trouble   (adj) painful 苦

Duvidha: (m, adj) twofold

Duvidhā: (adv) twofold, in two ways

Dvādasa: (num) 12, twelve

Dvaya: (adj) of two sorts, two   (n) a pair, a couple

Dve, dvi-, di-, du-, dvā-, bā-: (num) two

Ekadesa: (m) a part, a portion

Ekadhā: (adv) in one way

Esa, eso: (pron. m) this, this one; that     (n) etaṃ, etad (before a vowel)   gen. etassa

Esā: (pron. f) this, that     ins. etāya

Ettha: (adv) here; herein; now

Eva, va, yeva: (adv) just, quite, even, only

Evaṃ: (adv) thus 如是

Gacchati: to go, go to, proceed; depart

Gahaṇa: (n) taking, receiving, holding, grasping, seizing; acquiring, learning, mastering, comprehension; clinging to the world, attachment, desire; eclipse

Gaṇhāti: to take; receive, accept; catch, capture; seize; obtain, acquire; grasp, perceive, comprehend, learn; approve, agree to; regard   pp. gahita

Garu: (adj) heavy, large; weighty, important; venerable

Garuṃ karoti (garukaroti): to respect, revere, attach importance to; become prominent   pp. garukata

Geha: (m/n) a house

Ghosa: (m) shout, sound, utterance; noise; rumor; voice

Gocara: (m) pasture, abode, sphere, resort; an object of sense as form, sound, etc. 所在；所緣，（感官）目標

Guhā: (f) a cave; the heart

Hetu: (m) cause, reason, motive; origin, root abl. hetuto 因，根

Idāni: (adv) now

Iha: (adv) here

Indriya: (n) an organ of sense; a power, faculty; function, organ; a moral quality; sense, perception, acquisition; sex 根，感官

Itthi, itthī: (f) a woman, female

Jarā: (f) old age, decrepitude, decay 老

Jāti: (f) birth, rebirth, renewed existence; lineage, family, caste 生

Javana: (adj) quick, fleet   (lit.) running swiftly 速行

Jāyati: to be born, be produced, grow, spring up, arise   pp. jāta

Jhāna: (n) meditation, contemplation; religious meditation; ecstasy, trance 禪

Jīvita: (n) life, vitality

Jīvitindriya: (n) principle of life, life, vitality 命根

KabaIiṅkāra, kabaIīkāra: (adj) made into balls or mouthfuls

Kāla: (m) time; right time, due season; meal time; death

Kālamutta: (adj) timeless

Kālika: (adj) belonging to time

Kamma: (n) doing, action, work, deed, business; a religious act, karma 業

Kāraṇa: (n) a deed, action, performance; motive, cause, reason, means; matter, thing, event, case; substance; destruction

Karoti: to act, do, cause, cause to become, render, make, perform         opt. kayirā, kayirātha, kubbetha, kare, kareyya     ger. katvā

Kasiṇa: (adj.) entire, whole 遍   (n) one of the aids to kammaṭṭhāna, the practice by means of which mystic meditation (bhāvanā, jhāna) may be attained

Katatta: (n) the doing of, performance of, only in abl. katattā 已作

Kathaṃ: (adv) how

Kāya: (m) the body; collection, multitude 身

Kevala: (adj) all, entire, whole, complete; only, mere, exclusive

Khaṇa: (m/n) a moment; a brief measure of time; leisure; right moment, opportunity 剎那

Khandha: (m) aggregate, accumulation, multitude, quantity; bulk; the shoulder; the trunk of a tree 蘊

Khaṇika: (adj) unstable, momentary, temporary, evanescent, changeable

Kilesa: (m) defilement, impurity, sin, human passion, corruption

Kūpa: (m) a pit; a well; the mast of a ship

Kusala: (adj) skillful, expert, clever; lucky, happy, prosperous; good, right, virtuous, meritorious, wholesome 善

Loka: (m) the world, the universe; mankind; a being or creature　世間

Magga: (m) path, road; trace, track; course, passage 道

Mahāmuni: (m) great sage

Majjha: (m/n) middle, center, interior; the waist   loc. majjhe

Manodvāra: (n) the mind-door 意門

Maraṇa: (n) death, dying 死

Matta: (n) used only as the latter part of a compound, with the meaning “measure, quantity,” or “only, mere,” or “exact time, as soon as”

Mucchā: (f) fainting, swooning, faintness; infatuation

Mūla: (n) root; lowest part, base, foundation; origin, source, commencement; front, foremost, first; cause; sum, amount, mass; price, money

Mutta: (pp. muñcati) released, set free, freed; free from

Nāma: (n) a name, a noun   gen. nāmassa   ins. nāmena: by name    (adv) by name, namely; indeed 名；名為；著實

Nāmakamma: (n) naming, nomenclature 命名

Nāmarūpa: (n) name and form, mind and matter 名色

Nāmarūpī: (adj) having mind and matter 名色的

Nānā: (adv) various, of all kinds; variously, differently; away from

Nānākkhaṇika: (adj) asynchronous 異剎那

Natthi: not to be, not exist, be absent

Navadhā: (adv) nine-fold, in nine ways

Naya: (m) leading, guidance; conduct; prudent conduct, prudence; policy; way, manner, means, mode, method; inference, logical deduction -naya 理，法

Nibbāna: (n) extinction; destruction, annihilation; Nirvāṇa; Arhatship 涅槃

Nidassana: (n) example, illustration; sight, view; indicating, pointing out

Nimitta: (n) a sign, mark, token, symbol; omen; cause, reason, means of 相 (adj) caused by, referring to

Nirodha: (m) cessation, annihilation; Nirvāṇa; obstruction, impeding 滅

Nirujjhati: to cease, perish, be destroyed or annihilated  pp. niruddha 壞滅

Nissanda: (m) consequence, result

Nissaya: (m) that on which anything depends, support, help, protection; endowment, resource, requisite, necessary, supply; foundation 依止

Pabbata: (m) a mountain

Pabheda: (m) breaking or splitting up; difference, distinction; sort, kind

Paccaya: (m) cause, motive; a requisite or necessary; belief, trust, faith    abl. paccayā: used adverbially as the second part of a compound, in the sense of “by means of,” “in consequence of,” “as the result of” 緣，緣於

Pacceti: to return, come back to, fall back on   pp. patīta

Pacchā: (adv) behind, back, afterwards; westwards

Pacchājāta: (adj) post-nascent

Pacchima: (adj) last, hindermost; western

Paccuppanna: (pp./adj) existing, ready, present 現在

Pakati: (f) original or natural form, natural state or condition

Pana: (adv) now, further; but, on the other hand, on the contrary, however

Pañca: (num) five   gen./dat. pañcannaṃ

Pañcadhā: (adv) in five ways, fivefold

Pañcaka: (adj) consisting of five, five in number   (n) a pentad, five

Pañcavidha: (m. adj) fivefold, of five kinds

Paññāpana: (n) disclosure, discovering, making known 令知，能知

Paññāpeti: (caus. pajānāti) to make known, declare, point out, appoint, assign, recognize, define

Paññāpīyati: to be made known

Paññāpiyatta: (n) being made known 所知

Paññatta: (pp. paññāpeti) pointed out, made known, ordered, designed, appointed, ordained     (n) wisdom, sense, etc.

Paññatti, paṇṇatti: (f) making known, manifestation, declaring, concept 概念

Papañceti: to be profuse, talk much; linger, delay; have illusions, imagine, be obsessed     pp. papañcita

Paramattha: (m) best or highest sense; the truth, reality; completeness, perfection 究竟法     abl. paramatthato

Paridīpeti: to illustrate, explain, describe     pp. paridīpita

Parikappiyati: to be thought of   ppr. parikappiyamāna

Pariṇāma: (m) change, alteration; issue, event; digestion

Pasāda: (m) brightness, clearness, purity; joy, serenity of mind; faith; in function of sense agency, sensitive surface; sensory receptive substance in the five sense organs 淨，淨色

Paṭicca: (ger. pacceti) following from anything as a necessary result; by means of, on account of, by reason of, grounded on, because, concerning

Paṭiccasamuppāda: (m) chain of causation, dependent arising, dependent origination, happening by way of cause, origination as a necessary result from an antecedent cause 緣起

Paṭisandhi: (m/f) entering the womb in a new existence, conception, rebirth, transmigration; rebirth-linking 結生

Paṭṭhāna: (n) setting forth, putting forward; origin, cause 發趣

Paṭṭhapeti: to put out or up, set going, furnish, establish, give

Pavakkhati: (fut.) he will tell, declare, recite     1^st sing. pavakkhāmi

Pavatta: (pp. pavattati) fixed, settled; starting, setting out; kept going, going on; being, existing

Pavattati: to arise, begin, take place; start, set out; roll or flow onwards; become, be, exist; go on, proceed, be kept up   pp. pavatta 轉起

Pavatti: (f) flow onwards, going on; affairs; occurrence, incident; news, tidings; practice, conduct; beginning, setting on foot, establishment; existence, being (Here pavatti refers to all thought-processes that occur during the course of one’s lifetime.) 轉起；生命期

Pavuccati: (pass.) to be spoken of, to be called or termed   pres. 3^rd pl. pavuccare   pp. pavutta

Phala: (n) fruit, grain, crop, produce; result, consequence; reward, profit 果

Phassa: (m) touch, contact 觸

Pīḷeti: to oppress, crush, weigh upon; vex, harass, ravage, hurt   pp. pīḷita

Puggala: (m) an individual or person; a creature, being, man 個人

Puna, puno: (adv) again, anew, afresh; back; after that; next, further, moreover

Pure: (adv) formerly, previously; first, originally; before, in front

Purejāta: (adj) antecedent, pre-nascent

Purima: (adj) former, preceding; first, foremost; eastern

Purisa: (m) a man, a male, a person; individual

Rāga: (m) dyeing; human passion, evil desire, greed, attachment, lust

Rājaputta: (m) a king’s son, prince     (f) rājaputtī: a princess

Ratha: (m) a car, chariot, two-wheeled carriage

Rūpa: (n) form, figure, shape; image, representation; the body; beauty; natural state; characteristic 色

Sā: (pron. f) that; this; she

Sabba: (adj) all, every, whole, entire

Sabbathā: (adv) in every way, thoroughly 全部

Sabbattha, sabbatra: (adv) everywhere

Sadda: (m) sound, noise; voice; a word 聲

Saddhā: (f) faith 信

Sahajāta: (adj) born at the same time, co-nascent

Sakaṭa: (n) a cart, wagon

Saḷāyatana: (n) the six (sense) bases, the six organs of sense 六處

Samanantara: (adj) immediate, usually in abl. (as adv.); samanantarā: immediately, after, just after

Samaññāyati: to be understood

Sambhāra: (m) preparation; materials; necessaries; constituent part

Sambhava: (m) origin, birth, production

Sambhavati, sambhoti: to arise, be produced, spring from [+abl.]; meet with  ppr. sambhavaṃ     pp. sambhūta

Samodhāna: (n) combination

Sampayutta: (pp. sampayuñjati) connected with, dependent on, resulting from 相應

Samphuṭṭha: (pp. samphusati) touched

Samudaya: (m) rise, origin; origination, cause; multitude 集，因

Samuppāda: (m) arising, production, origination

Samuṭṭhāna: (n) rising, origination

Sandhi: (m/f) junction, union, connection; agreement; a joint of the body

Saṅgaha: (m) taking, collecting; classification, conjunction, assemblage; compilation, abridgement; favor, kindness 概要，分析，組合，攝

Saṅketa: (m) intimation, agreement, engagement, appointment

Saṅkhāra: (m) mental formation; constructing, preparing, perfecting, embellishing; aggregate, aggregation; matter; Karma; everything which springs from a cause, anything that is conditioned 行

Saṅkhata: (pp. adj) aggregated, put together; made, created; cooked, dressed; conditioned (including all things that proceed from a cause, except ākāsa and nirvāṇa) 有為的

Saṅkhatāsaṅkhata: (adj) conditioned and unconditioned

Saṅkhāta, saṅkhyāta: (pp. saṅkhāti) reckoned, numbered; considered, called, named; weighed, estimated, learned

Saṅkhāyati: to be reckoned, to be called or termed

Saṅkhepa: (m) abridgement, abstract; division

Sannivesa: (m) construction, preparation, encampment, settlement

Sasambhāra: (adj) with the ingredients or constituents

Satta: (num) seven   gen./dat. sattannaṃ

Senāsana: (n) dwelling, lodging, a place to sleep at

Sesa: (adj) remaining       (m) remainder 其餘

Sota: (n) the ear, organ of hearing 耳

Sukha: (n) happiness; welfare; ease, comfort   (adj) blest; happy, delightful, pleasant; easy 樂

Tabbhāvabhāvī: dependent on its antecedent state

Tadā: (adv) then, at that time

Taṃ, tad: (pron. n) it; him     taṃ taṃ: such and such (repeated to convey the idea of multiplicity or variety)

Taṇhā, tasiṇā: (f) craving, lust, desire, human passion 愛

Tathā: (adv) so, thus; also 如是

Tato: (adv) hence, subsequently, thereafter; from that place or time; further

Tato paraṃ: (adv) afterwards

Tattha, tatra: (adv) there; thither; in that case; now; in that, therein

Tayo: (num. m.) three   loc. tīsu (f) tisso    (n) tīṇi     Frequently at the end of a compound, the whole forming a neut. noun. -ttayaṃ

Tebhūmaka: (adj) belonging to the three stages of being 屬於三（世間）地

Tekālika: (adj) belonging to three periods of time 三時的

Tesaṃ: (pron) of them, their

Ṭhiti: (f) existence; standing, enduring; durability, stability, continuation; life

Tiṭṭhati, ṭhāti: to stand, stand up; stay, abide; to last, endure, remain; to live, behave, exist, be   pp. ṭhita

Tividha: (m. adj) threefold, in three ways

Tu: (part.) now, but, indeed

Ubhaya: (adj) both     adv. ubhayaṃ

Ubho: (pron. adj) both     gen. pl. ubhinnaṃ

Upādāna: (n) clinging, attachment; firewood, fuel 取

Upādāya: (ger. upādiyati) clinging; beginning with; out of; with reference to

Upādāya rūpa (upādārūpa): (n) material phenomena derived from the four great essentials 所造色，衍生色

Upādiṇṇa: (pp. upādiyati) grasped at, laid hold of; or "the issue of grasping"

Upalakkheti: to distinguish, discriminate; look at, regard   pp. upalakkhita

Upanidhā: (f) comparison

Upanidhāya: (indecl.) [ger. of upa+nidahati of dhā] comparing in comparison, [+acc.] "compared with"

Upanissaya: (m) basis, reliance, support, foundation, assurance, certainty; tendency, potentiality, faculty 親依止

Upapatti: (f) birth, rebirth

Upāyasa: (m) desperation, despair 惱

Uppāda: (m) springing up, producing, appearance; birth; an omen 生

Uppajjati: to arise, originate, be produced, be born, appear 生起

Uppanna: (pp. uppajjati) arisen, born, produced; acquired; happened

Utu: (m/f/n) season, time 時節

Vacana: (n) speech, word, term, utterance, expression, passage, text; speaking, declaring

Vacī: (f) speech, words 語

Vasena: (ins. of vasa; used adverbially, either with a gen. or as the last part of a compound) according to, for the sake of, on account of, by means of, for, as

Vaṭṭa: (n) circle, succession, saṃsāra

Vatthu: (n) substance, object, thing, matter; occasion, cause; story, narrative; base 依處     (abl.) vatthuto

Vedanā: (f) feeling, sensation; pain, suffering 受

Vibhāga: (m) division, analysis 分析，分別

Vidati: to know, ascertain   p.f.p. veditabba: to be known or understood

Vidha: (m) part, fold; kind, sort; form, measure 部分，種類

Vigacchati: to depart   pp. vigata: gone, disappeared, dispelled, ceased

Vijānāti: to discern, distinguish; be wise; perceive; learn, understand, know exactly, find out, ascertain     pfp. viññeyya: that should be known or understood; intelligible, cognizable   pp. viññāta   ger. viññāya, vijāniya

Vijjamāna: (ppr. vijjati) existing, real   ant. avijjamāna: not existing, unreal

Vijjati: (pass. vindati) to be, exist, be found, be obtained, be known

Viññāṇa: (n) consciousness; thought, mind; intelligence, knowledge 識

Viññāyati: (pass. vijānāti) to be understood or known

Vipāka: (m/n) result, resultant, product, consequence; good result, fruit, profit, reward; evil result, retribution 果報

Vippayutta: (adj) disconnected with 不相應

Vīsa, vīsati: (num) 20, twenty

Visesa: (m) distinction, characteristic, discrimination, specification; sort, kind; peculiar merit or advantage, excellence, superiority

Vīthi: (f) a road, street, bazaar; a row, line

Voharīyati: to be expressed

Vomissaka: (adj) miscellaneous, mixed

Vomisseti: to mix, combine   ger. vomissitvā    pp. vomissita

Yadā: (adv) when, whenever     yadā… tadā: when… then

Yathā: (adv) as, like; how, when

Yathākkamaṃ: (adv) in due order, successively 依序

Yathārahaṃ: (adv) according to worth; properly, satisfactorily, correctly, appropriately, duly

Yo, yad: (pron) who, what, which; he who, whoever   pl. ye   acc. yaṃ   gen./dat. sing. yassa   gen./dat. pl. yesaṃ