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| 2019/09/06 05:23:02瀏覽670｜回應1｜推薦8 | |
| Selected poems：佩索阿的《阿爾伯特‧卡埃羅》 http://www.books.com.tw/products/CN11038678 阿爾伯特‧卡埃羅 作者：(葡) 佩索阿 出版社：商務印書館 出版日期：2013/07/01 語言：簡體中文 佩索阿用異名與筆名區分，筆名完全取代了作家的本名，但並沒有改變文學個性，而異名則不同，是作家自創的文學上的「我之非我」（ser minhamente alheias），具有與本名（ortónimo）佩索阿迥異的風格、語言與題材。根據研究者特蕾莎‧麗塔‧洛佩斯（Teresa Rita Lopes）統計，佩索阿一生共創造了72個不同的異名。這72個異名承擔着不同的職責，活躍程度不盡相同，最主要的異名有三個：阿爾伯特‧卡埃羅（Alberto Caeiro），阿爾瓦羅‧德‧岡波斯（lvaro de Campos）與里卡多‧雷耶斯（Ricardo Reis），他們與本名的費爾南多‧佩索阿共同構成了一個書寫的「家族」。 本書中第一部分呈現了阿爾伯特‧卡埃羅的組詩《守羊人》，這是一部具有奠基性質的作品。組詩共有49首，但實際上可以看成是一首詩，或者一句話：世界是部分，而非整體。以基督一神論為信仰基礎的理性精神要求現代人把「自然」作為整體來認識，而不是石頭、河流與樹木無休無止的相加。而佩索阿認為這種理性阻礙人們正確認識自然。因此，為了重建異教，或者建立新異教，首先要通過消滅絕對理性與拒絕形而上學重現異教的本質。 《戀愛中的牧羊人》，是一組阿爾伯特‧卡埃羅詩陷入愛情時的詩作，是戀愛中的阿爾伯特‧卡埃羅對待愛情的自然而然的方式。 葡萄牙詩人費爾南多‧佩索阿（1888-1935）的一生可以在兩個地理名詞——里斯本與德班——中得到完整的解釋。 2 我的目光清澈，宛如一株向日葵 我習慣行走於街巷 看看右邊，看看左邊， 有時，還要看看後面…… 我每一刻看到的東西 都是從前我從末看到的一切， 我懂得聚精會神地察覺…… 我懂得擁有本質的愕然 就像一個孩子，甫一岀生， 便察覺到了他真的出生…… 面對世界永恆的新奇， 我感到我每一刻都是新生。 我相信世界就像相信一朵雛菊， 因為我看到了它。但我不去思考它， 因為思考是不理解…… 創造世界不是為了讓我們思考它， (思考是眼睛害了病) 而是讓我們注視它、然後認同。 我沒有哲學：我有的是感覺…… 如果我談論自然，不是因為我知道它是什麼， 而是因為我愛它，我因此而愛它， 因為愛的人從來不知道愛上了什麼， 不知道為什麼愛，不知道愛究竟是什麼…… 愛是永恆的天真， 而唯一的天真是不去思考…… My gaze is clear like a sunflower. It is custom to walk the roads Looking right and left And sometimes looking behind me, And what I see at each moment Is what I never saw before, And Im very good at noticing things. Im capable of having that sheer wonder That a newborn child would have If he realized hed just been born. I always feel that Ive just been born Into an endlessly new world. I believe in the world as in a daisy, Because I see it. But I dont think about it, Because to think is to not understand. The world wasnt made for us to think about it (To think is to have eyes that arent well) But to look at it and to be in agreement. I have no philosophy, I have senses. If I speak of Nature its not because I know what it is But because I love it, and for that very reason, Because those who love never know what they love Or why they love, or what love is. To love is eternal innocence, And the only innocence is not to think. 24 我們從事物中看到的是事物。 如果存在另一個事物，為什麼我們看到了這一個？ 如果觀看和傾聽是觀看和傾聽， 為什麼觀看和傾聽變成了我們的幻想？ 最重要的是知道去看， 知道去看而不去思考， 當觀看的時候知道觀看， 當觀看的時候不去思考， 當思考的時候不去觀看。 但這些 (我們真是悲哀，靈魂穿上了衣服！)， 這些要求一種深刻的學習， 一種去除學習的學習， 一種修道院自由之中的禁絕， 在那裡詩人們說星辰是永恆的修女， 花朵是只虔信一日的懺悔者， 但是在那裡，其實星辰只是星辰， 花朵也只是花朵， 正因為此，它們被稱為星辰和花朵。 What we see of things are the things. Why would we see one thing when another thing is there? Why would seeing and hearing be to delude ourselves When seeing and hearing are seeing and hearing? What matters is to know how to see, To know how to see without thinking, To know how to see when seeing And not think when seeing Nor see when thinking, But this (if only we didnt have a dressed-up heart!)— This requires deep study, Lessons in unlearning, And a retreat into the freedom of that convent Where the stars—say poets—are the eternal nuns And the flowers the contrite believers of just one day, But where after all the stars are just stars And the flowers just flowers, Which is why we call them stars and flowers. 26 有時，在那些陽光完美而恰當的日子裡， 事物包含著所有可以擁有的真實， 我緩緩地問我自己： 為什麼不把美 奉獻給事物。 難道一朵花美麗嗎？ 難道一只果實美麗嗎？ 不：它們只有顏色、形狀 和存在。 美這個名字屬於任何不存在的事物， 我把它奉獻給事物，換來它們帶給我的怡人。 這什麼都不意味。 因此為什麼我要對事物說：你們很美？ 是的，即便對於我，我生活只是為了生活， 面對事物， 面對僅僅是存在的事物， 人們那不可見的謊言總是與我遭遇。 做自己，只看能看到的一切，真是一件難事！ Sometimes, on days of perfect and exact light, When things are as real as they can possibly be, I slowly ask myself Why I even bother to attribute Beauty to things. Does a flower really have beauty? Does a fruit really have beauty? No: they have only color and form And existence. Beauty is the name of something that doesn’t exist But that I give to things in exchange for the pleasure they give me. It means nothing. So why do I say about things: they’re beautiful? Yes, even I, who live only off living, Am unwittingly visited by the lies of men Concerning things, Concerning things that simply exist. How hard to be just what we are and see nothing but the visible! 39 事物的神秘，存在於哪裡？ 至少要向我們顯示它是神秘的， 它既不出現，那又存在於何處？ 河流知道什麼？樹木知道什麼？ 而我，並不比它們高尚，又知道什麼？ 每當我注視事物，想起思考它們的人 便笑了，彷彿小溪撞上石頭清脆地響。 因為事物潛藏的唯一感覺 是他們沒有任何潛藏的感覺， 這比所有的奇異更奇異， 奇異過所有詩人的夢 和所有哲學家的思想， 因為事物就是看起來那樣， 沒有任何要去理解的東西。 The mystery of things—where is it? Why doesnt it come out To show us at least that its mystery? What do the river and the tree know about it? And what do l, who am no more than they, know about it? Whenever I look at things and think about what people think of them, I laugh like a brook cleanly plashing against a rock. For the only hidden meaning of things Is that they have no hidden meaning. Its the strangest thing of all, Stranger than all poets dreams And all philosophers thoughts, That things are really what they seem to be And theres nothing to understand. Yes, this is what my senses learned on their own: Things have no meaning; they exist. Things are the only hidden meaning of things. 4 事物擁有駭人的真實， 這是每一個日子裡我的發現。 每一件事物都是它自己。 這一切讓我多麼歡欣，又讓我多麼知足， 很難向旁人講述。 想要變得完整，存在已然足夠。 我曾寫下很多詩篇。 我一定會寫下更多詩篇，自然而然。 每一首詩都對我這樣說， 我所有的詩是不同的， 因為存在的每一件事物都是一種說話的方式。 有時，我把目光貫注於一塊石頭上。 我不去想它是不是有感覺。 我不會迷失，誤把它稱為我的姊妹。 但我喜歡它，因為它是一塊石頭， 我喜歡它，因為它什麼也感覺不到， 我喜歡它，因為它和我什麼親戚關係都沒有。 有時，我聽風過耳， 我覺得為了聽風過耳也值得出世為人。 我不知道別人讀到這裡會怎麼想； 我想應該還好，因為我沒有努力思考 也不曾想讓其他人聽到我在思考； 因為我不假思索地思考著它， 因為我說出了它，就像我的詞語把它說出。 一次，人們稱我為唯物主義者， 我感到驚奇，因為我認為 不可以用任何事物指稱我。 我甚至不是詩人：我觀看。 如果我寫下的東西有價值，不是我具有價值： 價值就在那裡，在我的詩行裡。 這一切完全不取決於我的意願。 The astonishing reality of things Is my discovery every day. Each thing is what it is, And it’s hard to explain to someone how happy this makes me, And how much this suffices me. All it takes to be complete is to exist. I’ve written quite a few poems, I’ll no doubt write many more, And this is what every poem of mine says, And all my poems are different, Because each thing that exists is a different way of saying this. Sometimes I start looking at a stone. I don’t start thinking about whether it exists. I don’t get sidetracked, calling it my sister. I like it for being a stone, I like it because it feels nothing, I like it because it’s not related to me in any way. At other times I hear the wind blow, And I feel that it was worth being born just to hear the wind blow. I don’t know what people will think when they read this, But I feel it must be right since I think it without any effort Or any idea of what people who hear me will think, Because I think it without thoughts, Because I say it the way my words say it. I was once called a materialist poet, And it surprised me, for I didn’t think I could be called anything. I’m not even a poet: I see. If what I write has any value, the value isn’t mine, It belongs to my poems. All this is absolutely independent of my will. 5 當春天再一次到來， 也許我已不在世間。 現在，我希望把春天想像成人， 這樣，我才能揣測，它會哭泣， 當它看到失去了唯一的朋友。 但是春天甚至不是一件事物： 它是一種言說的方式。 就連花兒、就連綠葉也不會歸來。 會有新的花兒、新的綠葉。 會有其他溫柔的日子。 一切不會回返，一切不會重複，因為一切是真實的。 When Spring returns Perhaps I will no longer be in the world. Today I wish I could think of Spring as a person So that I could imagine her crying for me When she sees that shes lost her only friend. But Spring isnt even a thing: Its a manner of speaking. Not even the flowers or green leaves return. There are new flowers, new green leaves. There are new balmy days, Nothing returns, nothing repeats, because everything is real. 9 我不知道人們為什麼會認為落日是悲傷的， 這只可能因為它是落日，而非黎明。 然而，如果它是落日，那又何必一定要成為黎明？ I don’t know how anyone can think a sunset is sad, Unless it’s because a sunset isn’t a sunrise. But if it’s a sunset, how could it ever be a sunrise? 32 遠去的船啊， 當你消失之後， 為什麼我不像別人那樣思念你？ 因為當我看不到你，你便不復存在。 而且，如若思念不存在的事物， 便不會感覺與事物相逢； 不是船，而是我們，讓我們自己思念。 O ship setting out on a distant voyage, Why don’t I miss you the way other people do After you’ve vanished from sight? Because, when I don’t see you, you cease to exist. And if I feel nostalgia for what doesn’t exist, The feeling is in relationship to nothing. It’s not the ship but our own selves that we miss. 61 你說，活吧，就在當下； 只能活在當下。 但是我不想要當下，我想要真實。 我想要存在的事物，而不是度量它們的時間。 什麼是當下？ 是一件相對於過去與將來的事物。 是一件因為其他事物存在而存在的事物。 我只想要真實，沒有當下的事物。 我不想把時間容納進我的計劃。 我不想把事物想成當下；我想把它們想成事物。 我不想用當下來稱呼它們，將它們與自己分隔。 我不應該用真實來稱呼它們， 我不應該以任何東西來稱呼它們。 我應該觀看它們，只去觀看它們； 觀看它們．直到不能思考它們， 觀看它們，沒有時間，也沒有空間， 觀看可以豁免一切，除去看到的一切。 這便是觀看的科學，它不是什麼科學。 Live, you say, in the present. Live only in the present. But I don’t want the present, I want reality. I want the things that exist, not the time that measures them. What is the present? It’s something in relation to the past and the future. It’s something that exists by virtue of other things existing. I want only reality, the things themselves, without any present. I don’t want to include time in my awareness of what exists. I don’t want to think of things as being in the present; I want to think of them as things. I don’t want to separate them from themselves, calling them present. I shouldn’t even call them real. I shouldn’t call them anything. I should see them, just see them, See them until I can no longer think about them, See them without time or space, See with no need of anything besides what I’m seeing. This is the science of seeing, which is no science at all. 英譯：Richard Zenith／A Little Larger Than the Entire Universe: Selected Poems、Fernando Pessoa and Co.: Selected Poems |
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| ( 知識學習｜隨堂筆記 ) |
