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〈頌希臘古甕〉
2008/02/28 20:32:58瀏覽8391|回應0|推薦3

濟慈的〈頌希臘古甕〉以歌詠一只希臘古甕上的圖畫,來論辯永恆的真意。濟慈先將這隻希臘古甕與女人的身體形象作結合,再說明上面所畫之神話愛情,並將圖畫與神話的永恆性點出,最後再以古甕之言:「美即是真、真即美」來總結他對永恆的看法。整首詩的哲學正反合論證完整,是濟慈詩中最常被討論的一首詩。

〈頌希臘古甕〉
作:約翰‧濟慈

你這靜默無玷的新嫁娘,
 你這寧靜悠緩的時間義子,
森林間的史學者,能如此地傳達
 比我們詩韻更甜美的花樣故事:
什麼樣的葉飾傳說緣繞你的形體
 似神或似凡,或似兩造,
  在那潭陂[1]或是亞卡迪[2]山谷間?
 這些是什麼樣的人或神?少女們討厭些什麼?
怎麼樣地瘋狂追求?怎樣地掙扎逃脫?
 笛樂鼓鈴所謂何事?狂野歡樂又為哪般?

聽得見的旋律是甜美的,但那些聽不見的
 愈加悅耳;所以,你這輕笛,吹奏著;
不向感官之耳,而是,更親愛地,
 吹奏向這無調的心靈小曲:
俊美少年,在樹林下,你未能離開
 你的曲歌,這些樹林也未曾能裸身露體;
  無畏的戀人,從未,你從未能吻上,
這即使幾近贏得的目標──然而,毋須傷悲;
  她未能消逝,雖然你不得你的喜悅,
 你會永遠地愛戀,而她會永遠地秀美!

啊,歡樂的、歡樂的幹枝!未能掉落
 你的綠葉,也未曾能讓這春意辭別;
而,歡樂的樂師,不倦不歇,
 永遠地吹奏著曲歌長存新鮮;
更歡樂地愛戀!更歡樂地、歡樂地愛戀!
 永遠地溫存,而仍讓人欲求歡享,
  永遠悸動,而永遠少年。
所有輕訴人間的情熱遠越於上,
 單留於心的是深遠悲傷和煩厭,
  是發熱的額前,和燥渴的舌尖。

這些是誰赴前獻祭?
 前往何等青綠祭壇,喔神秘的祭司,
你牽領的那犢牝仰天哞鳴,
 而她絲柔側腹飾著花圈?
何等依川或臨海小鎮,
 或傍山築建安寧堡壘,
  淨空這村民,這敬虔的清晨?
而,小鎮,你這街道永遠
 會是寂靜無聲;而沒有靈魂能夠歸還
  傾訴為何你荒蕪人間。

喔雅典的形體!美麗的姿態!飾著
 石紋男女的繡帶,
飾著森林的枝幹和踏過的草叢;
 你,無聲之形,確切地戲笑我們的無思,
如永恆一般:冰冷的牧歌!
 當這世代耗用盡老年,
  你竟是留存,在那哀痛之間
 比起我們,人們的友人,對著我們你說,
「美即是真,真即美,」──那就是所有
 你在這世上所知,和你所須知的一切。

[1] 傳說詩人桂冠上的月桂樹葉是由逃避太陽神阿波羅(Apollo,詩人的守護神)追求的戴芬妮(Daphne)變成;在阿波羅殺死危害德爾非城(Delphi,阿波羅神廟所在地)的巨蟒皮同(Python)後,於潭陂(Tempe)的溪谷清洗,使潭陂溪谷長滿了月桂樹。

[2]阿卡迪(Arcady,或Arkadia)是古希臘地名,當地人民安居樂業。Ark原意為「躲避」,後被引用為「方舟」;adia原意為閻王,後引申為「災難」;故阿卡迪被引用為人類的世外桃源。

Ode on a Grecian Urn
By John Keats

THOU still unravish'd bride of quietness,
  Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,
Sylvan historian, who canst thus express
  A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:
What leaf-fring'd legend haunts about thy shape
  Of deities or mortals, or of both,
    In Tempe or the dales of Arcady?
  What men or gods are these? What maidens loth?
  What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape?
    What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy?

Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard
  Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on;
Not to the sensual ear, but, more endear'd,
  Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone:
Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leave
  Thy song, nor ever can those trees be bare;
    Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss,
Though winning near the goal--yet, do not grieve;
  She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss,
    For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair!

Ah, happy, happy boughs! that cannot shed
  Your leaves, nor ever bid the Spring adieu;
And, happy melodist, unwearied,
  For ever piping songs for ever new;
More happy love! more happy, happy love!
  For ever warm and still to be enjoy'd,
    For ever panting, and for ever young;
All breathing human passion far above,
  That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloy'd,
    A burning forehead, and a parching tongue.

Who are these coming to the sacrifice?
  To what green altar, O mysterious priest,
Lead'st thou that heifer lowing at the skies,
  And all her silken flanks with garlands drest?
What little town by river or sea shore,
  Or mountain-built with peaceful citadel,
    Is emptied of this folk, this pious morn?
And, little town, thy streets for evermore
  Will silent be; and not a soul to tell
    Why thou art desolate, can e'er return.

O Attic shape! Fair attitude! with brede
  Of marble men and maidens overwrought,
With forest branches and the trodden weed;
  Thou, silent form, dost tease us out of thought
As doth eternity: Cold Pastoral!
  When old age shall this generation waste,
    Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe
Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st,
  "Beauty is truth, truth beauty,"--that is all
    Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.

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