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| 2020/11/04 23:50:03瀏覽983｜回應0｜推薦31 | |
試譯《貞觀政要‧君道》第5段 【原文1】 是月，徵又上疏曰：「臣聞求木之長者，必固其根本；欲流之遠者，必浚其泉源；思國之安者，必積其德義。源不深而望流之遠，根不固而求木之長，德不厚而思國之理，臣雖下愚，知其不可，而況於明哲乎！人君當神器之重，居域中之大，將崇極天之峻，永保無疆之休。不念居安思危，戒奢以儉，德不處其厚，情不勝其欲，斯亦伐根以求木茂，塞源而欲流長者也。 【白話翻譯1-1】 同樣在這個月，大臣魏徵又向太宗皇帝上書說：「我聽說，假如有人希望樹木能夠長得高大，就一定要先使樹的根本穩固；希望河水能流得長遠，就得先疏通河流的源頭；希望國家安定，就要從君主開始累積德與義。 【英文翻譯1-1】 Also this month, Minister Wei Zheng wrote to Emperor Taizong: “I heard that if someone wants trees to grow tall, he must first stabilize the tree; and if someone wants the river to flow far away , He must first dredge the source of the river; similar to this, if a monarch wants his country to be stable for a long time, he must ask himself to accumulate virtue and righteousness. 【白話翻譯1-2】 假如河的泉源不深卻希望它能夠流得遠，樹的根本不穩固卻希望長得高大，君王的道德仁義不充厚卻希望能夠治理好國家，像這樣的企求，即使是像我這麼愚昧的人，也知道這是不可能達到的，何況是聰明睿智的人呢？ 【英文翻譯1-2】 If the fountain of the river is not deep but I hope it can flow far, the roots of the tree are not stable but I hope it can grow tall, the emperor’s morality and righteousness are not sufficient but I hope he can govern the country well, for such aspirations, even if it is like me such a foolish person knows that this is impossible, let alone a smart and wise person? 【白話翻譯1-3】 一國君主處於至尊的地位，透過至高的權力管理其國內政務，(只要認真以赴)，他應該能夠將皇家地位推到最崇高的程度，使自己與後世子孫永遠享有無限的美好。(不過，)假如他不能在國家安定時就想到未來可能面對的危難，不能力行節儉而戒除奢侈，不能充實與培養自身德行，不能克制由性情產生的種種欲望，這就好像是砍伐樹木的根本卻希望樹木長得高大，也好比是堵塞河流的泉源卻希望河流流得長遠一樣。(這些都是與理想互相牴觸而必無法達到目標的做法。)」 【英文翻譯1-3】 The monarch of a country is in the supreme position and manages his domestic government affairs through the supreme power,(as long as he is serious), he should be able to push the royal status to the highest level, so that he and his descendants will always enjoy infinite beauty. (However,) If he cannot think of the dangers he may face in the future in a stable time in the country, cannot be thrifty and abstain from luxury, cannot enrich and cultivate his own virtues, cannot restrain the desires generated by temperament, it is like someone cutting down trees basically but wants the trees to grow tall, also like blocking the source of the river but wanting the river to flow for a long time. (These are all practices that conflict with ideals and cannot achieve the goal.)" 【原文2】 凡百元首，承天景命，莫不殷憂而道著，功成而德衰。有善始者實繁，能克終者蓋寡，豈取之易而守之難乎？昔取之而有餘，今守之而不足，何也？夫在殷憂，必竭誠以待下；既得志，則縱情以傲物。竭誠則胡越為一體，傲物則骨肉為行路。雖董之以嚴刑，震之以威怒，終茍免而不懷仁，貌恭而不心服。怨不在大，可畏惟人，載舟覆舟，所宜深慎，奔車朽索，其可忽乎！ 【白話翻譯2-1】 歷代所有君王，接受上天交付的偉大使命，他們無不於深切的憂患之中展現出君主應有的道德，(可惜的是)這樣的道德往往因為功業成就而逐漸衰微。有好的開始的人實在很多，但能堅守原則並保全自己到最後的人則很少。難道是取得國家的統治權比較簡單，而維持統治權卻比較難嗎？從前取得國家統治權之後還覺得有餘力，今天卻要擔心沒有足夠的力量去維持自己的統治權，這到底是為什麼呢？ 【英文翻譯2-1】 All the monarchs in the past, when they accepted the great mission handed over by the heavens, they all showed the morality that the monarch should have in their deep worries. (Unfortunately) such morality often gradually declines because of their achievements. There are many people who have a good start, but few people can stick to the principles and save themselves to the end. Could it be that it is easier to obtain the ruling power of the country, but it is more difficult to maintain the ruling power? In the past ,after acquiring the ruling power, the emperor still feel that he have spare power, but today he have worried about not having enough power to maintain his ruling power. Why? 【白話翻譯2-2】 (我想大概是因為)當一個人處於深切的憂患之中，一定會用最大的誠意對待他的部屬與人民，等到他已經達到目標，往往就會放縱自己的心情與欲望，用傲慢的態度對待他人。當一個人能夠用最大的誠意對待別人時，即使是文化差異很大的不同族群，也能夠建立如同一體的好關係；當一個人用傲慢的態度對待他人，就算是至親也可能破壞關係至如同不相識的路人。 【英文翻譯2-2】 (I think its probably because) When a person is in deep trouble, he will treat his subordinates and people with the utmost sincerity. When he has reached his goal, he will often indulge his own mood and desires and treat others with arrogance. When a person treats others with the utmost sincerity, even different ethnic groups with great cultural differences can establish a good relationship as one; when a person treats others with an arrogant attitude, even the closest person can destroy the relationship and even become as alienated as a stranger. 【白話翻譯2-3】 (假若真到了這地步) 就算在上位者想要用嚴厲法規來使在下位者聽命，想要用威勢使人民受到震懾，這些最多都只能暫時免除動亂，老百姓心中不再會真誠信服，這時，百姓表面上依然恭敬，但心裡卻忿忿不平。在下位者的憤怒，可怕的不在於憤怒的程度大小，最值得統治者敬畏的其實是那憤怒背後代表的民意力量。 【英文翻譯2-3】 (If this is the case) Even if the upper ranks want to use strict regulations to make the lower ranks obey orders, and they want to use power to deter the people, these can at most only temporarily avoid the unrest, and the people will no longer be honest in their hearts. The people are still respectful on the surface, but their hearts are angry. The anger of the inferior is not terrible in the degree of anger. What a ruler should be most awed by is actually the power of public opinion behind that anger. 【白話翻譯2-4】 (就像是河水，可以承載舟船，也可以使舟船翻覆)民意可幫助一個人登上統治者的地位，也可以讓他離開那個地位。這正是君王們都應該要謹慎面對的課題。(治理國家，不容易呀！失去治國之道的君主，在君主的位置上，其風險就像)用腐壞而將斷裂的繩索去拉正在狂奔的馬車一樣危險，難道君王們可以忽略嗎？ 【白話翻譯2-4】 (Its like a river, which can carry and capsize boats). Public opinion can help a person ascend to the position of ruler, or it can make him leave that position. This is the subject that all kings should face with caution. (It’s not easy to govern the country! The risk of a monarch who loses the way of governing the country is as dangerous as dragging a running carriage with a broken rope by decay. Can the kings ignore it? 【原文3】 君人者，誠能見可欲則思知足以自戒，將有作則思知止以安人，念高危則思謙沖而自牧，懼滿溢則思江海下百川，樂盤游則思三驅以為度，憂懈怠則思慎始而敬終，慮壅蔽則思虛心以納下，想讒邪則思正身以黜惡，恩所加則思無因喜以謬賞，罰所及則思無因怒而濫刑。總此十思，弘茲九德，簡能而任之，擇善而從之，則智者盡其謀，勇者竭其力，仁者播其惠，信者效其忠。文武爭馳，君臣無事，可以盡豫游之樂，可以養松、喬之壽，鳴琴垂拱，不言而化。何必勞神苦思，代下司職，役聰明之耳目，虧無為之大道哉！ 【白話翻譯3-1】 身為國君的人，如果他能夠在見到喜愛的事物時就警戒自己要節制；想要做點什麼事時就提醒自己要設定上限，使人民得以保有安寧；當他明白他自己的崇高地位伴隨著風險，他能想到自己應該更謙虛並自我管理；當他擔心自己驕傲自滿，他就想到自己應學習江海匯流百川，期望自己的胸襟也如同江海般寬博廣大；當他享受狩獵遊玩時，他懂得提醒自己休閒要適度；當他擔心自己懈怠，他會期勉自己謹慎於開始而保持恭敬到最後； 【英文翻譯3-1】 As a monarch, if he can warn himself to be restrained when he sees the things he loves; when he wants to do something, he reminds himself to set an upper limit so that the people can maintain peace; when he understands his own lofty status Accompanied by risks, he can think that he should be more humble and self-management; when he is worried that he is proud and complacent, he thinks that he should learn that the river and the sea meet all the rivers, hoping that his mind is as broad as the river and the sea; when he enjoys hunting , He knows how to remind himself to be moderate in leisure; when he is worried about being slack, he will urge himself to be cautious at the beginning and remain respectful to the end; 【白話翻譯3-2】 假如他擔心自己的眼睛與耳朵受到蒙蔽阻塞，就應當想到要虛心接受部屬與人民的進言；當他想到讒言與邪妄在歷史上從未消失，他應當期許自己端正心態與行為來使惡人遠離；當他想要賞賜部屬或人民，他會冷靜確認自己並非因為主觀喜好或一時情緒而給予超過那個接受賞賜者功勞的獎賞；當他想要實施處罰，他會再三確認：自己所採用的刑罰並沒有超過受罰者之罪責應接受的程度。 【英文翻譯3-2】 If he is worried that his eyes and ears will be blinded and blocked, he should think of accepting the words of his subordinates and the people with a humility; when he thinks that slander and evil have never disappeared in history, he should expect to correct his mentality and behavior to keep evil people away ; When he wants to reward his subordinates or people, he will calmly confirm that he is not due to subjective preferences or momentary emotions to give a reward that exceeds the merit of the recipient of the reward; when he wants to implement punishment, he will repeatedly confirm: the penalty he has adopted It does not exceed the level of guilt that the punished person should accept. 【白話翻譯3-3】 假如君主能全面地思考這十件事，使上述各種德行因實踐而發揚，且他又能選拔品德與才能都卓越的人，使他們擔任官職，還能選擇那些良善的建言且依言而行，這樣一來，其國家之內的智者們必將盡全力為這君王貢獻所有才智與謀略，勇敢的人也必將為這君王貢獻其勇力，仁者必將盡己之能傳揚道德，使該國人民因為提高德行而受惠，而那些平時就很重視履行承諾的人，必將更無保留地為君王付出他們所有忠誠。 【英文翻譯3-3】 If the monarch can think about these ten things in a comprehensive way, so that the above-mentioned virtues can be promoted through practice, and he can select people with outstanding morals and talents, so that they can hold official positions, and can choose those good suggestions and follow the words. In this way, the wise men in their country will do their best to contribute all their talents and strategies to monarch, and brave people will also contribute their courage to monarch, and the benevolent will do their best to spread morals and make people of this country have benefited from improving their morals, and those who usually attach great importance to fulfilling their promises will certainly give all their loyalty to the monarch without reservation. 【白話翻譯3-4】 這時，治理國家的各項事務自然會有卓越的文臣武將爭相為君主效力。君主與臣屬之間不會有無謂的爭端，君王大可以盡情而安心遊樂，他可以好好養生，追求長壽之道，偶爾彈彈琴，放任雙手因無須操勞而空閒下來。這時，君主不需要講太多話，也不必頒布太多教令，天下百姓自然受到感召與教化。君主怎麼需要操勞精神苦苦思索，將部屬的事情搶過來做，讓自己聰明的耳朵與眼睛辛苦勞碌而背離「清靜無為」之道理呢？ 【英文翻譯3-4】 At this time, there will naturally be outstanding civil servants and generals vying to serve the monarch in various affairs of the country. There will be no unnecessary disputes between the monarch and his subjects. The monarch can enjoy and relax at ease. He can take good care of his health, pursue longevity, occasionally play various musical instruments, and allow his hands to be free due to no labor. At this time, the monarch does not need to speak too much, and does not need to issue too many decrees, the people of the world are naturally inspired and enlightened. Why does the monarch need to work hard and think hard, take the tasks of his subordinates, and let his smart ears and eyes work hard and deviate from the principle of "quiet and inaction"? 【翻譯工具】 Google翻譯 http://translate.google.com.tw/ 貞觀政要全文─中國哲學書電子化計劃 |
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