1. 知其雄,守其雌,為天下蹊。
明知有英雄的威武,卻謙卑做柔順的人,這是眾望所歸的領袖必須具備的特質。
Having the might of a hero but he behaves like a submissive person, this is an essential character trait of an honorable leader.
2. 為天下蹊,常德不離,復歸於嬰兒。
做為衆望所歸的領袖,一生不離公義仁德,使他回復到像嬰兒的純潔。
As an honorable leader, he lives with righteousness and morality, this reverts him to purity like an infant.
3. 知其白,守其黑,為天下式。
明知生命被光環圍繞,卻甘心住在黑暗裡,使他成了引導世人認識天道的媒介。
Knowing his life is shined yet he chooses to live in darkness, hence he becomes the medium for the world to know the Word of Heaven.
4. 為天下式,常德不忒,復歸於無極。
做為世人認識天道的媒介,終生與仁德公義合一,使他的靈命和智慧達到了永恆無極的境界。
As the medium for people to know the Word of Heaven, he unites with righteousness and morality all his life, this makes his soul and wisdom reach the realm of eternity.
5. 知其榮,守其辱,為天下谷。
明知擁有許多榮耀,卻甘心承擔恥辱,使他成了天下人敬仰的君王。
Knowing holding lots of glories but he chooses to bear persecution, this makes him the most respectful king.
6. 為天下谷,常德乃足,復歸於樸。
做為天下人敬仰的君王,公義仁德充滿了他的生命,並引領他回到天道的純真裡。
As the most respectful king, rightneousness and morality fills his life, this leads him living in sincerity with the Word of Heaven.
7. 樸散則為器,聖人用為官長。
天道的純真散發到世上,百姓被教育成人才,聖人善用這些人才引領國家。
As the sincerity of the Word of Heaven spreads and converts everyone into a useful tool, the sage uses these tools to guide the nation.
8. 是以大制不割。
聖人用偉大的仁德治理邦國,他以天下民心為心,愛護百姓使他們不受傷害。
A righteous king uses justice and kindness to rule his nation; he regards the hearts of the world as his own, and loves and protects his people from hurting.
================
【注】知其雄,守其雌,為天下蹊:唐.杜光庭說,「谿者,眾流所歸。」《河上公注》說:「雄以諭尊,雌以諭卑人;…天下歸去,如水流入深溪也。」第七章說:「聖人後其身而身先。」由此可見,「為天下蹊」指公義的聖人成了眾望所歸、世人敬仰的君王、領袖。
常德不離:南齊.顧歡說:「人能謙下如深谿,則德恆在,不復離己也。」《河上公注》說:「人能謙下如深谿,則徳常在不復離於己。」
為天下式,常德不忒,復歸於無極:式=效法的楷模、媒介;「為天下式」指聖人為天下人的楷模、為世人認識天道的媒介。無極=至道、永恆之道;前蜀.強思齊說:「長生久壽,歸身於無窮極也。」宋.李霖說:「無極,一是智慧無極,二是慧命無極。」
為天下谷:《河上公注》說:「天下歸之,如水流入深谷也。」「為天下谷」和「為天下蹊」一樣, 指公義的聖人成了世人敬仰、眾望所歸的君王、領袖。
復歸於樸:樸=質樸之道、真道;前蜀.強思齊說:「道德是祐,神明是助,道充德足,則萬物大淳樸矣。」
樸散則為器:器=器皿。《河上公注》說:「道散則為神明。」宋.李霖說:「形而上者謂之道,形而下者謂之器。器者,道之散也。」
聖人用為官長:南齊.顧歡說:「官,君主;長,師宗。」《河上公注》說:「聖人升用,則爲百官之元長也。」
大制不割:《河上公注》說:「聖人用之,則以大道制御天下,無所傷割。治身則以天道制情慾,不害精神也。」王弼說:「大制者,以天下之心為心,故無割也。」宋.李霖說:「無有窮極,與道同體。夫道亙古今而常存,德與道同,斯可謂之常矣。」
================
JSLieh