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Excerpt:吳興華的《石頭和星宿:譯文集》
2024/05/02 05:29:22瀏覽87|回應0|推薦3
Excerpt吳興華的《石頭和星宿:譯文集

試摘要分享里爾克的〈述羅丹〉譯文,另附上Daniel Slager的英譯,或可一併參考。

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%90%B3%E8%88%88%E8%8F%AF
吳興華(1921—1966年),筆名梁文星、鄺文德、欽江,中國浙江杭州人,現代文學家及詩人。

生於1921年,父親是一名醫生,家中有九兄弟姐妹,因在家中排行第三,其朋友稱他為「吳三」。中學時就讀於崇德中學,16歲因成績出眾考入燕京大學,入讀西語系。求學期間,他與同窗好友宋淇一同編輯《燕京文學》。他亦開始寫作新詩,為了讀但丁《神曲》,自學義大利文,也精通法文、德文,對西方作家瞭如指掌。
1941
年吳興華畢業,留在校內任教。當時,校方曾計劃讓其出國深造,但因日軍對燕京大學進行封鎖而無法成行。後來,燕京大學被日軍佔領,他和家中兄弟姐妹留在北京,後來不幸患上肺結核。1949年後,吳興華在北京大學教授英國文學及莎士比亞。1956-1957年,詩壇發起號稱「百花時代」的改革,吳興華停筆多年,也再發表作品,1957年被劃為右派和降級。196683日文革爆發,吳興華遭到紅衛兵批鬥,在勒令勞改因為體力不支,被紅衛兵強行灌下化學廠汙水致死,死時45歲。事後北大負責人告慰家屬,說他患急性痢疾身亡。

https://www.books.com.tw/products/CN11407143
石頭和星宿:譯文集
作者:吳興華
出版社:廣西師範大學出版社
出版日期:2017/01/01

內容簡介
譯文集《石頭和星宿》從過往期刊中尋找到了吳譯的英國散文家E.V.盧卡斯的《撿東西、選譯詹姆斯·喬易士的《友律色斯》(即尤利西斯)插話三節、選譯自《漢堡劇評》的《雷興自論》(雷興即萊辛)、里爾克的《述羅丹》、哲學家休謨的《論趣味的標准》、著名文藝復興藝術研究者喬基歐·瓦薩里的《達·芬奇軼事》以及節譯了意大利戲劇理論家卡斯忒爾維特洛著名的《亞里士多德詩學疏證》。譯詩方面則補入了當時吳興華為中德學會做的《黎爾克詩選》(現通譯為里爾克)中德對照本所選譯的二十七首里爾克詩作以,以及《雪萊詩抄》、《旦尼生詩抄》、《穆爾詩抄》、《司高托詩抄》等。這些譯作從幽默散文到劇評、畫家小傳、美學理論到譯詩、劇本摘譯。根據其家人所述,他自1962年開始以「三韻格」翻譯《神曲》,幾年后完成大半,卻在「文革」開始后被他自己毀掉,其妻子保留了一節(第一部第二節),從這余留的譯文,已能領略吳興華遣詞酌句的功底。他翻譯的里爾克詩也被認為「用詞精要、獨具意境。」

Excerpt
〈述羅丹〉

一、羅丹的幼年

當他沒有獲得光榮之前,羅丹是孤獨的。後來光榮終於來到了。但只把他變得更孤獨。因為光榮根本不過只是圍繞著一個新名字所有誤解的總和罷了。
在羅丹的名字周圍這樣的誤解有許多。而要想把它們全都驅散又是一樁極困難而艱苦的工作。再說這工作也並非必需的,它們圍繞的只是他的名字,而絕不是他的作品。那些作品已發展到溢出了名字與一切名字的範圍,已經到了「無名」的地步,就跟一片平原是「無名」的一樣,或者一片海洋。海洋之有名只不過是在地圖上,在書籍里,在人類的口唇中,然而實在講起來,它只是面積、動作與深度。
我們現在將要談論的工作已經增長有多年了,它們每天長大,就跟一片樹林似的,一個鐘頭也不肯放鬆。我們在這千萬藝術品中環遊,幾乎要被如此大量的覓得物與發現所驚退,於是我們不由自主的想轉身看那一雙創造出這世界的手。讓我們想想人類的手是多麼微小,它們多麼快的就會感到勞累,再說我們真給它們移動的時間又是多麼少。我們禁不住要問問那操縱著這雙手的人。這人倒底是誰呢?
他是一個老人。同時他的生命是隸屬於那些沒有法子敘述的生命中的。這個生命先開始了,然後進行,一直穿透到一個高齡的深處,讓我們一看,就彷彿是這完全已經是好幾世紀以前的事似的。我們關於它可說是什麼也不知道。在這生命中自然應該有一個童年,不管怎樣的,一個童年,不知在何處的貧窮裡度過,無人知曉的,時刻探尋著而不確定。說不定這個童年現在仍然存在著,因為——就像聖奧古士丁說的一樣——要不然它們會跑到哪裡去呢?他現在的生活說不定還包括著他所有那些過去的時光,那些充滿了等待與被棄之感的時光,那些懷疑的以及長長的充滿了憂煩的時光:他的生命任什麼也沒有丟失,任什麼也沒有忘卻。也許是……我們關於它什麼也不知道。然而我們堅信在只有從這樣一個生命里才能迸出這樣豐滿繁復的行動來;只有這樣一個生命,其中一切都是同時而警醒的,毫無進展與完成,只有這樣的生命才能永遠年輕,永遠強壯,時刻騰舉起來向那些崇高的工作。將來會有一個時間到來,當人們想替這個生命發現一個歷史,帶著許多波折、軼事與細節。它們將全是由捏造而生的。人們會講有那麼一個孩子,他時常忘掉吃飯,因為他覺得拿一柄鈍洋刀來割裂一塊粗糙的木頭比吃飯要緊得多,同時人們或許會在他的青年中安置一個會遇,使得他能以期望有一個偉大的將來——這永遠是一個被大眾愛好的、動人的預言。比如說罷,人們恰好可以選擇那名姓失傳的僧人在五百年前,彷彿有那麼一回事,對年輕的邁克.哥倫波說的話:「孩子,工作罷,恣情的觀看聖保羅白
日的大鐘,與你同道人美麗的作品,觀看並且愛慈善的上帝,那時你就會獲得偉大的事物所有的壯美了。」那時你就會獲得偉大的事物所有的壯美了……也許有一個同樣親暱的感情——只不過比那僧人的聲音低得多了——向這年輕人發言,當他碰到他事業開始中的一個十字路口時。因為這正是他所尋求的東西,偉大的事物所有的壯美。

*
本文譯自里爾克(Rainer Maria Rilke)所著 Auguste Rodin——編者注


RODIN WAS SOLITARY BEFORE HE was famous. And fame, when it arrived, made him perhaps even more solitary. For in the end fame is no more than the sum of all the misunderstandings that gather around a new name.

There are many of these around Rodin, and clarifying them would be a long, arduous, and ultimately unnecessary task. They surround the name, but not the work, which far exceeds the resonance of the name, and which has become nameless, as a great plain is nameless, or a sea, which may bear a name in maps, in books, and among people, but which is in reality just vastness, movement, and depth.
The work of which we speak here has been growing for years. It grows every day like a forest, never losing an hour. Passing among its countless manifestations, we are overcome by the richness of discovery and invention, and we can’t help but marvel at the pair of hands from which this world has grown. We remember how small human hands are, how quickly they tire and how little time is given them to create. We long to see these hands, which have lived the life of hundreds of hands, of a nation of hands that rose before dawn to brave the long path of this work. We wonder whose hands these are. Who is this man?
He is an old man. And his life is one of those that resists being made into a story. This life began and now it proceeds, passing deep into a venerable age; it almost seems to us as if this life had passed hundreds of years ago. We know nothing of it. There must have been some kind of childhood, a childhood in poverty; dark, searching, uncertain. And perhaps this childhood still belongs to this life. After all, as Saint Augustine once said, where can it have gone? It may yet have all its past hours, the hours of anticipation and of desolation, the hours of despair and the long hours of need. This is a life that has lost nothing, that has forgotten nothing, a life that amasses even as it passes. Perhaps. In truth we know nothing of this life. We feel certain, however, that it must be so, for only a life like this could produce such richness and abundance. Only a life in which everything is present and alive, in which nothing is lost to the past, can remain young and strong, and rise again and again to create great works. The time may come when this life will have a story, a narrative with burdens, episodes, and details. They will all be invented. Someone will tell of a child who often forgot to eat because it seemed more important to carve things in wood with a dull knife. They will find some encounter in the boy’s early days that seemed to promise future greatness, one of those retrospective prophecies that are so common and touching. It may well be the words a monk is said to have spoken to the young Michel Colombe almost five hundred years ago: “Travaille, petit, regarde tout ton saoul et le clocher à jour de Saint-Pol, et les belles oeuvres des compaignons, regarde, aime le bon Dieu, et tu auras la grâce des grandes choses.” “And the grace of great things shall be given to you.” Perhaps intuition spoke to the young man at one of the crossroads in his early days, and in infinitely more melodious tones than would have come from the mouth of a monk. For it was just this that he was after: the grace of great things.
Translated by Daniel Slager

( 知識學習隨堂筆記 )
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