第二篇：作戰 (Waging War)

6. 國之貧于師者遠輸，遠輸則百姓貧。近師者貴賣，貴賣則百姓竭，財竭則急於丘役。

一個國家因戰爭變得貧窮，是不斷做遠距離運輸軍用物質的結果。遠距離運輸會使百姓陷入窮困。另外，軍事基地附近的物價會高漲，物價一旦高漲，百姓屯積的貨物就會耗盡，造成國家財政惡化，政府會因此提高賦稅和增加勞役。

A state falls in poverty by war for its continuous long-distance transport of army provisions. Long-distance transport makes people impoverished. Besides, the goods price near the military base will go up causing preserved supplies to be dried up. As the state finance deteriorates, the governor will impose heavy tax and labor.  

7. 力屈、財殫，中原內虛于家，百姓之費，十去其七。公家之費，破軍罷馬，甲冑矢弩，戟盾蔽櫓，丘牛大車，十去其六。

一旦軍隊喪失戰鬥力，軍需財物耗盡，中原的財政會變得空虛，百姓的資產會損失十分之七。因為軍車損壞、戰馬勞困，以及頭盔戰袍、弓箭弩具、兵戟盾牌、斗篷櫓冲、牛隻篷車的損耗，國家的財產也會減少十分之六。

As military loses its strength and provisions are drained away, the kingdom’s treasury will be empty, and private wealthy will be lost by seven tenths. And six tenths of state’s resources will be dissipated due to broken chariots and exhaust horses, and damaged helmets, war robes, arrows, crossbows, halberds, shields, mantles, turrets, oxen, and large wagons.  

8. 故智將務食于敵。食敵一鐘，當吾二十鐘；箕杆一石，當吾二十石。

因此明智的指揮官會想辦法從敵營中奪取糧食，一鐘敵營的糧食等於二十鐘從國內運來的糧食，一石敵營的草料等於二十石從國內運來的飼料。

Hence a clever commander will set plan to seize provisions from enemy. One carload of enemy food is equal to twenty from homeland, a one-man carry load of provender from enemy is equivalent to twenty from homeland.

9. 故殺敵者，怒也；取敵之利者，貨也。

要使官兵奮勇殺敵，首先要激怒他們；凡能打勝戰的官兵，都必須獎勵他們。

In order for soldiers to bravely kill enemies, they must first be enraged. Those who can defeat the enemy should be rewarded.

10. 故車戰，得車十乘已上，賞其先得者，而更其旌旗。車雜而乘之，卒善而養之，是謂勝敵而益強。

在車戰中，如果捕獲十輛以上的戰車，就獎賞首位捕獲的戰士，而且要換上我方的戰旗，並將捕獲的戰車混編到車隊中協助我方作戰，同時也要善待降兵，將他們整編在我方的陣營裡，這才能算是真正的勝利，也才能使我們更強大。

After ten or more chariots have been seized during chariot fighting, those who took the first should be rewarded. Captured chariots must have their flags replaced with ours and be mingled with our fleet to help fight. Surrendered soldiers should be kindly treated and integrated with our troop. This is so called the true victory and will make us stronger.

11. 故兵貴勝，不貴久。

戰爭最高的目標是速戰速捷，而非持久戰。

The greatest object in warfare is rapid victory, not engages in prolonged battles. 

12. 故知兵之將，民之司命，國家安危之主也。

善於帶兵作戰的將領，掌控著百姓的命運，也主宰了國家之安危。

The commanders good at warfare are in control of people’s fate and in determination of national security.

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JSLieh