第三篇：謀攻
Chapter 3：Attack by Stratagem

1. 孫子曰：凡用兵之法，全國為上，破國次之；全軍為上，破軍次之；全旅為上，破旅次之；全卒為上，破卒次之；全伍為上，破伍次之。

孫子說：戰爭的法則是，
‍‍‍　能佔領和保全敵國是上策，用武力攻破敵國是下策；
　能征服和保全敵軍團是上策，用武力擊破他們是下策；
　能征服和保全敵旅團是上策，用武力擊破他們是下策；
　能降服和保全敵營隊是上策，用武力擊破他們是下策；
　能降服和保全敵連隊是上策，用武力擊破他們是下策。

Sun Tzu said: The object of warfare should be

‍‍‍Occupying enemy’s state entire intact is better than shattering it,
‍‍‍Taking its army entire with no harm is better than destroying it,
Taking its division entire with no harm is better than destroying it,
Capturing its regiment whole with no harm is better than slaying them,
‍‍‍Capturing its company whole with no harm is better than slaying them.

2. 是故百戰百勝，非善之善也；不戰而屈人之兵，善之善者也。

因此百戰百勝，並非最好的戰績，能不透過戰鬥就降服敵軍，才是最完善的戰績。

Therefore to fight and win in all wars is not the best achievement, the best achievement is to subdue the enemy without fighting.

3. 故上兵伐謀，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。

所以最佳的戰術是善用計謀使敵人主動歸順，其次是用外交手腕使敵人屈服，再其次是用武力迫使敵軍降服，下下之策是去圍攻敵方的城池。

Hence the best tactic is to develop stratagems letting the enemy submit voluntarily, the next best is to use diplomacy persuading the enemy to yield, the next is to conquer enemy’s forces, and the worst approach is to beleaguer enemy’s cities.

4. 攻城之法為不得已。修櫓轒轀、具器械、三月而后成，距闉，又三月而后已。

攻城是萬不得已的事必須盡量避免，為什麼？因為攻城之前必須製作許多大小盾牌、四輪戰車，以及各類的兵器和裝備，這起碼需要花三個月的時間。另外建造攻城的高台，最少也要三個月。

Besieging enemy’s cities should be avoided unless there is no alternative, why? Because it will take about 3 months to fabricate shields, mantelets, chariots, and various weapons and equipment. Besides, it takes 3 months more to build high towers for attacking the city.

5. 將不勝其忿，而蟻附之，殺士三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之災也。

如果指揮官因為久戰不勝而憤怒，命令軍隊像螞蟻群一樣繼續圍攻，結果士兵戰死了三分之一依然破不了城，此乃強迫攻城必然引發的災難。

If the commander gets furious for his inability to win and orders soldiers to continuously attack like swarming ants, as a consequence one-thirds of soldiers are killed while the city still remains uncaptured. This is the disaster resulted from coerced besieging.

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JSLieh