廖柏森 

一場戰爭war中通常會有許多場的戰役battles，英文中說Someone has lost the battle, but won the war.是指某人雖然輸掉戰役，但卻贏得戰爭；引申人生的過程中雖有挫敗，但持續奮戰終能達至最終的理想，這才是最重要的。但是也可能倒過來win the battle but lose the war，那就是贏得戰役卻輸掉戰爭，則是我們想要避免的狀況。另外，除了大型的戰爭戰役之外，小型的軍事對抗在英文中還有fighting, combat戰鬥、clash, conflict, skirmish衝突等字，如下句:

The evidence of intense fighting could be seen everywhere.

慘烈戰鬥的痕跡處處可見。 

以下則是war一字的搭配詞彙。 

l   動詞 + war

v.	n.	中譯
avoid / prevent	war	避免戰爭
declare		宣戰
fight		戰鬥
launch / wage		發動戰爭
lose		戰敗
prepare for		備戰
win		戰勝

例句:

On the morning of Dec. 11 the Government of Germany, pursuing its course of world conquest, declared war against the United States.

12月11日早晨，德國政府為遂行征服世界的野心，向美國宣戰。 

The report is expected to include a recommendation that the United States abandon its long-held goal of being able to fight and win two wars simultaneously.

該報告預期會建議美國放棄長期抱持的目標，也就是要有能力同時開打兩場戰爭並贏得勝仗。 

l   形容詞+ war

adj.	n.	中譯
civil	war	內戰
cold		冷戰
conventional		傳統戰爭
continuing		持續的戰爭
economic		經濟戰
full-scale		大規模戰爭
guerrilla		游擊戰
nuclear		核子戰爭
violent		激烈的戰爭
world		世界大戰

例句:

The end of the Cold War did not bring peace to the world.

冷戰結束並未為世界帶來和平。 

The continuing war in Afghanistan is one reason why that country leads all others in infant mortality rates.

阿富汗連年戰亂是該國嬰兒夭折率居全球最高的原因之一。 

The Vietnam War started as a guerrilla war and then escalated into a conventional war.

越戰一開始只是游擊戰，之後卻逐步升高為傳統戰爭。 

The great challenge facing both countries was that of reducing the risk of nuclear war.

兩個國家所面臨的極大挑戰就是降低核子戰爭的風險。 

補充相關搭配詞彙:

clashes with government forces: 與政府軍發生衝突

deployed to a war zone: 部署在戰區

missing in action (MIA): 作戰失蹤

outbreak of war: 爆發戰爭

prisoners of war (POW): 戰俘 

The Art of War: 孫子兵法英譯

to launche a relentless assault: 發動無情的攻擊

to seek a diplomatic solution through dialogue: 通過對話尋求外交解決 

練習:

請從方格中挑選正確的搭配詞來完成以下的句子:

 economic    launched     civil     won      waging

1. The head of the Arab League warned that Syria may be sliding toward _____________________ war.

  阿拉伯聯盟領袖警告說敘利亞可能引發內戰。

2. Iran said the West was _________________________ “an ____________________ war” through sanctions.

  伊朗表示西方國家透過制裁發動「經濟戰」。

3. President Bush ______________________ and ____________________ the first Gulf War.

  布希總統發動並打贏第一次波斯灣戰爭。

解答:

1. civil

2. waging; economic

3. launched; won