廖柏森

各國的選舉制度electoral system不同，因此在選舉的詞彙也有或多或少的差異。例如在台灣的總統選舉presidential election是由每位民眾投票的直接選舉direct election，但在美國還分為初選primary election和大選 general election，是由民主黨the Democratic Party和共和黨the Republican Party (或稱the Grand Old Party, GOP)兩個政黨先進行初選，並於全國黨大會national party convention上確定參加大選的總統候選人presidential candidate。而且美國有選舉人團electoral college制度，一般民眾並不能直接選舉總統，他們只能在各州選出承諾會支持某候選人的選舉人候選人elector candidate，再由當選的選舉人elector投票給總統候選人。另外，選民必須事先主動登記過後registered 才能投票。以下為選舉election一字相關的搭配:

l   動詞 + election

例句:

Mr. Chen urged voters not to boycott the election.

陳先生力勸選民不要抵制選舉。 

Mr. Lee lost the election and then retired from politics.

李先生競選失利並退出政壇。 

He accused the ruling party of rigging the elections.

他指控執政黨選舉舞弊。 

l   形容詞 + election

例句:

The interim government promised free elections under the new Constitution.

此過渡政府承諾將在新憲法舉行自由選舉。 

They knew they had little chance of winning the presidential election.

他們了解會贏得總統大選的機會渺茫。 

The KMT's seats saw a significant drop in comparison to the number in the previous legislative election.

國民黨的席次與前次立法委員選舉相較顯然減少許多。 

Tens of thousands of middle-class urbanites gathered Saturday to vent their anger over tainted elections.

成千上萬的中產階級都會居民在週六集結，發洩他們對於腐敗選舉的怒氣。 

l   election + 名詞

例句:

There was no immediate reaction from Beijing on the election results.

北京對於此選舉結果尚未有立即的回應。 

The opposition party challenged his election victory last year.

反對黨不服他去年的勝選。 

相關詞彙搭配:

campaign rally: 選舉造勢集會

campaign speech: 選舉演說

Civil Servants Election and Recall Act: 公職人員選舉罷免法

election, recall, initiative and referendum: 選舉、罷免、創制和複決

presidential candidate: 總統候選人

presidential campaign: 總統競選活動

presidential nomination : 總統候選人提名

running mate: 競選夥伴

seeking re-election: 尋求連任 

練習:

請從方格中挑選正確的搭配詞來完成以下的句子:

 presidential     monitored    subsidy    candidate  Act  run   legislative

1.      More than 2,000 international observers ________________ the election.

超過兩千名國際觀察員來觀察此次選舉。

2.      According to the Election _________________, candidates for ________________________ and _______________________ elections whose support reaches one-third of the overall vote are eligible to collect an election ___________________of NT$30 per vote from the government.

根據選罷法，總統和立法委員選舉候選人獲得選票達總票數三分之一者，可得到政府所發放的選舉補助款，每票新台幣30元

3.      People First Party presidential __________________ James Soong will not be able to retrieve the NT$15 million security deposit he submitted to ____________ for president.

親民黨總統候選人宋楚瑜無法領回競選總統的保證金新台幣1500萬元。

解答:

1.      monitored

2.      Act; presidential; legislative; subsidy

3.      candidate; run