There is a courthouse in every town 

每個城鎮都有一個法院 

處理主詞部份 

加入代名詞： 

There is at least one thing such that it is a courthouse and it is in every town 

至少有一事物，它是法院，且它座立於每個城鎮裡 

代名詞轉變元： 

There is at least one thing x such that x is a courthouse and x is in every town 

至少有一事物x，x是法院，且x座立於每個城鎮裡 

量詞符號化： 

(∃x)(x is a courthouse and x is in every town) 

(∃x)(x是法院，且x座立於每個城鎮裡) 

處理受詞部份 

加入代名詞： 

(∃x)(x is a courthouse and each thing such that if it is a town then x is in it) 

(∃x)(x是法院，且無論事物為何，若它是城鎮，則x座落於它之內) 

代名詞轉變元： 

(∃x)(x is a courthouse and each thing y such that if y is a town then x is in y) 

(∃x)(x是法院，且y為何事物，若y是城鎮，則x座落於y之內) 

量詞符號化： 

(∃x)[x is a courthouse and (y)( if y is a town then x is in y)] 

(∃x)[x是法院，且(y)(若y是城鎮，則x座落於y之內)] 

述詞符號化： 

(∃x)[Cx&(y)(Ty⊃Ixy)] 

There is a woman to whom everyone listens 

有一個每個人都會服從於她的女人 

處理主詞部份 

加入代名詞： 

There is at least a person such that she is a woman and everyone listens to her 

至少有一人，她是女人且每個人都會服從於她 

代名詞轉變元： 

There is at least a person x such that x is a woman and everyone listens to x 

至少有一人x，x是女人且每個人都會服從於x 

量詞符號化： 

(∃x)(x is a woman and everyone listens to x) 

(∃x)(x是女人且每個人都會服從於x) 

處理受詞部份 

加入代名詞： 

(∃x)(x is a woman and each one such that he/she listens to x) 

(∃x)(x是女人且無論是誰，他/她會服從於x) 

代名詞轉變元： 

(∃x)(x is a woman and each one y such that y listens to x) 

(∃x)(x是女人且無論y是誰，y服從於x) 

量詞符號化： 

(∃x)[x is a woman and (y)(y listens to x)] 

(∃x)[x是女人且(y)(y服從於x)] 

述詞符號化： 

(∃x)(Wx&(y)Lyx) 

there is a woman who listens to herself 

有一個會服從於自己的女人 

處理主詞部份 

加入代名詞： 

There is at least a person such that she is a woman and she listens to herself 

至少有一人，她是女人且她會服從於她自己 

代名詞轉變元： 

There is at least a person x such that x is a woman and x listens to x 

至少有一人x，x是女人且x會服從於x 

量詞符號化： 

(∃x)(x is a woman and x listens to x) 

(∃x)(x是女人且x會服從於x) 

述詞符號化： 

(∃x)(Wx&Lxx)