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理則學 練習23 範例 第一部分 (取自梅子姐)
2008/04/10 20:57:13瀏覽292|回應0|推薦1

示範題-中英對照版。作答時以中文或英文作答皆可

A-1. Something influences something.

有些事物影響有些事物

 

Something influences something.

有些事物影響有些事物

加入代名詞:

There is at least one thing such that it influences something.

至少有一事物,它影響有些事物

代名詞轉變元:

There is at least one thing x such that x influences something.

至少有一事物x x影響有些事物

量詞符號化:

(x)(x influences something)

(x)(x影響有些事物)

改寫受詞部份

加入代名詞:

(x)(there is at least one thing such that x influences it)

(x)(至少有一事物,x影響它)

代名詞轉變元:

(x)(there is at least one thing y such that x influences y

(x)(至少有一事物yx影響y)

量詞符號化:

(x)(y)(x influences y)

(x)(y)(x影響y)

述詞符號化:

(x)(y)Ixy

 

B-3 (x)[Dx&(y)Cxy]

 

(x)[Dx&(y)Cxy]

將述詞還原成自然語句:

(x)[x is a dog &(y)x chases y]

(x)[x是狗&(y)x追逐y]

將後面的量詞改寫成半量化語句:

(x)[x is a dog & there is at least one thing y such that x chases y]

(x)[x是狗&(y)至少有一事物yx追逐y]

將變元y轉成代名詞:

(x) [x is a dog & there is at least one thing such that x chases it]

(x) [x是狗&(y)至少有一事物,x追逐它]

去除代名詞:

(x)[x is a dog & x chases something]

(x) [x是狗&(y)x追逐某些東西]

改寫主詞部份

將量詞改寫成半量化語句:

There is at least one thing x such that x is a dog and x chases something

至少有一事物xx是狗且x追逐某些東西

將變元x轉成代名詞:

There is at least one thing such that it is a dog and it chases something

至少有一事物,它是狗且它追逐某些東西

去除代名詞,轉成自然語句:

Some dogs chase something

有些狗追逐某些東西

 

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