Alpha Lipoic Acid  硫辛酸  天下無雙  獨一無二

硫辛酸已被證實對去除自由基和保護體內維他命有治療的效果。

硫辛酸兼具水溶性和脂溶性，可以在皮膚的任何部位產生作用。 

硫辛酸可以幫忙去除受傷的膠原蛋白，以撫平皺紋和臉部疤痕。

硫辛酸可以藉由預防蛋白質的破壞來防止皮膚的傷害和老化。

根據加州柏克萊大學的Lester Packer博士的研究，硫辛酸已被證實對去除自由基和保護體內維他命有治療的效果。耶魯大學醫學院的Nicholas Perricone醫師認為：「硫辛酸兼具水溶性和脂溶性，可以在皮膚的任何部位產生作用。」根據Perricone醫師的說法，硫辛酸可以幫忙去除受傷的膠原蛋白，以撫平皺紋和臉部疤痕。同時他也認為硫辛酸可以藉由預防蛋白質的破壞來防止皮膚的傷害和老化。

http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/neuroman-cychiang/article?mid=91&prev=93&next=86&l=f&fid=46
common names: Alpha-lipoic acid, lipoic acid, thioctic acid, acetate replacing factor, biletan, lipoicin, thioctacid, thioctan.
chemical names: 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid; 1,2-dithiolane-3-valeric acid; 6,8-thioctic acid; alpha-lipoic acid; 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl) valeric acid.
overview of interactions:  

• nutrient affecting drug toxicity: Aminoglycosides , Gentamicin ,Haloperidol 
• nutrient-herb synergy: Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) and Selenium
chemistry/function: Antioxidant.
dietary sources:
• The body synthesizes small amounts of alpha-lipoic acid, thus it is not a true vitamin and is not essential in the diet of humans or animals.
• There is limited information regarding food sources of this nutrient. However, any foods that contain mitochondria, especially red meat, are believed to provide the highest levels of alpha lipoic acid. Other sources may include broccoli, spinach, potatoes, yeast, heart, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle.
known or potential therapeutic uses: AIDS/HIV support, antioxidant support, cancer, cataracts, glaucoma, hepatitis C, ischemia-reperfusion injury, neuralgias, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
maintenance dose: 20-50 mg per day.
therapeutic dose: The amount of alpha lipoic acid used in research has ranged from 150-600 mg per day, with 600 mg per day being used to treat diabetic neuropathies and 150 mg per day for glaucoma.
side effects: No adverse events from alpha lipoic acid supplementation have been reported.
toxicity:
• Alpha lipoic acid is considered to be extremely safe in the amounts utilized clinically.
• As no studies have confirmed the safety or documented any dangers of using alpha-lipoic acid during pregnancy, supplementation with alpha lipoic acid should be avoided by pregnant women until it is shown to be safe.
contraindications: Use of alpha lipoic acid, and other antioxidants, is contraindicated during radiation therapy and some forms of chemotherapy.
Interactions
nutrient affecting drug toxicity: Aminoglycosides
• mechanism: Free radical generation due to aminoglycosides plays an important role in drug-induced damage to the liver, kidneys and inner ear. Alpha lipoic acid is a powerful antioxidant and free radical scavenger.
(Tran Ba Huy P, Deffrennes D. Acta Otolaryngol [Stockh] 1988;105:511-515.)
• research: Sandhya et al found that lipoic acid administration brought about a decrease in the degree of lipid peroxidation due to gentamicin in rats. Conlon et al conducted studies using guinea pigs to the investigate the ability of the alpha-lipoic acid (100 mg/kg/day) to attenuate the cochlear damage induced by 450 mg/kg/day, i.m. of the aminoglycoside amikacin. Their results showed that animals receiving alpha lipoic acid in combination with amikacin demonstrated a significantly less severe changes in cochlear function compared with animals receiving amikacin alone.
(Sandhya P, et al. J Appl Toxicol 1997 Nov-Dec;17(6):405-408; Conlon BJ, et al. Hear Res. 1999 Feb;128(1-2):40-44.)
• nutritional support: Since the preliminary research on this topic has involved animals and not human patients no conclusive recommendations can be offered. However, a diverse set of clinical studies have demonstrated alpha lipoic acids role as a potent anti-oxidant and its ability to enhance protective systems in the liver and kidney in a variety of situations. Therefore, while supplementation with alpha lipoic acid might be advisable for individuals using aminoglycosides, the available research literature provides no specific indications as to the appropriate dosage for this particular situation. However, any individual using alpha-lipoic acid in relation to gentamicin should do so only under supervision of a the prescribing physician and a nutritionally-trained healthcare professional.
nutrient affecting drug toxicity: Gentamicin
• mechanism: Gentamicin tends to cause kidney damage and research with test rats indicates that alpha lipoic acid decreases the lipid peroxidation which plays an important role in these adverse effects.
(Sandhya P, Varalakshmi P. J Appl Toxicol 1997 Nov-Dec;17(6):405-408.)
• nutritional support: Since the preliminary research on this topic has involved rats and not human patients no conclusive recommendations can be offered. However, a diverse set of clinical studies have demonstrated alpha lipoic acids role as a potent anti-oxidant and its ability to enhance protective systems in the liver and kidney in a variety of situations. Therefore, while supplementation with alpha lipoic acid might be advisable for individuals using gentamicin, the available research literature provides no specific indications as to the appropriate dosage for this particular situation. However, any individual using alpha lipoic acid in relation to gentamicin should do so only under supervision of a the prescribing physician and a nutritionally-trained healthcare professional.
nutrient affecting drug toxicity: Haloperidol
• research: Balijepalli et al examined the effects of a variety of classical and atypical neuroleptic drugs and found that haloperidol was the most potent inhibitor of mitochondrial NADH ubiquinone oxido-reductase (complex I) activity. They found that in vitro treatment of mouse brain slices with haloperidol resulted in a loss of glutathione (GSH), while pretreatment of slices with GSH and alpha lipoic acid abolished haloperidol-induced loss of complex I activity.
(Balijepalli S, et al. Neuropharmacology 1999 Apr;38(4):567-577.)
• nutritional support: Preliminary evidence indicates that supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid (and/or glutathione) could potentially reduce depletion of naturally occurring glutathione and other adverse side effects due to use of haloperidol. No definitive advise or dosage recommendations can be offered given the lack of clinical trials. However, physicians experienced in nutritional therapies often suggest 20-50 mg of alpha lipoic acid per day for general antioxidant protection while prescribing dosages of 800 mg per day and 150 mg per day, respectively, in the treatment of diabetic neuropathies and glaucoma. Individuals concerned about preventing the damaging effects of haloperidol should consult their prescribing physician and/or nutritionally trained healthcare professional about possible benefits of supplementing with alpha-lipoic acid (and/or glutathione). Alpha lipoic acid has no known toxic effects at commonly used dosages and has never been shown to inhibit the therapeutic efficacy of haloperidol.
nutrient-herb synergy: Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) and Selenium
• research: Symptomatic hepatitis C patients with elevated transaminases were placed on a triple antioxidant therapy comprising alpha lipoic acid, selenium and Silybum marianum (milk thistle) and all were spared hepatic transplantation, showed improved laboratory indices, and returned to normal working life.
(Berkson BM. Med Klin. 1999 Oct 15;94 Suppl 3:84-89.)
• synergy: Multiple antioxidant therapy combining alpha lipoic acid with other antioxidant agents such as selenium and the herb milk thistle is synergistic in Hepatitis C therapy and may provide a cost-effective alternative approach, even in cases with a poor prognosis.