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| 2016/07/19 11:51:27瀏覽853｜回應1｜推薦11 | |
看了udn報導標題為“美共和黨新黨綱：台灣未來由台灣人決定 將助台灣自衛”(http://udn.com/news/story/5/1837736)一文，我開始反思：世界局勢變化萬千，我脫節了嗎？
以前唸政治學，分析政黨可用“剛性”政黨、“柔性”政黨的角度，而像美國民主黨、共和黨這樣的政黨，因為“政綱與黨章內容較為模糊，隨著選舉情勢保持較大彈性，因選情與領導人政見而常有變異。黨紀鬆散，沒有黨員登記制度，沒有固定的黨員，政黨機構不清楚其黨員人數與身份，所有公民都可以自由選擇參與特定政黨的初選，出入自由不需考察“ (參考維基百科：https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E6%80%A7%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8)，歸類於柔性政黨。
美共和黨何時有黨綱了？美共和黨何時有新黨綱了？
如果udn報導所稱的“新黨綱”是指以下美共和黨大會每四年所提出的“the Platform”，按大會時程及現在來看，它還待表決吧？就算表決是形式的、它一向都通過表決，但它非法律，也無約束力 (見以下及粗體字)。
Full Schedule of the 2016 Republican National Convention (http://2016.republican-convention.org/schedule/)
July 11, 2016: Republican National Convention Committee on Resolutions convenes
Every four years, the Republican National Convention Committee on Resolutions, or more commonly referred to as the Platform Committee, convenes to craft a platform that outlines and encapsulates the Republican Party’s positions and policies for upcoming general elections which theoretically reflects the will of party members. From the 1,194-word first platform in 1860 which paved the way for the election of Abraham Lincoln, the party platform has grown to a 31,352-word behemoth in the 2012 edition. It is expected to be even longer this cycle.
For 2016, the committee consists of 112 members, comprising of one man and one woman from every state and territory. It is headed by Chairman John Barrasso, a two-term Senator for Wyoming and the fourth-ranking Republican in the Senate, and assisted by two Co-Chairs - Governor Mary Fallin of Oklahoma and the representative from North Carolina, Congresswoman Virginia Foxx. The committee also includes four non-voting staff members: Ben Key (Executive Director), William Gribbin (Editor), Andrew Bremberg (Policy Director) and Mary Salvi (Executive Assistant).
It is important to note that party platforms are not legally binding, and occasionally conflicts with the political positions of presidential nominees. However, symbolically, platforms are powerful documents that enable the party to present a unified policy front during conventions.
July 12, 2016: Republican National Convention Committee on Resolutions convenes
On Tuesday evening, the Platform Committee concluded its deliberations at the Huntington Convention Center in Cleveland. The draft platform will be submitted to the convention floor for voting on July 19, the second day of the event. The New York Times has obtained a copy of the draft platform and concluded that it is “a staunchly conservative platform.”
In a joint statement with the RNC, Committee Chairman Sen. Barrasso said that the platform “reaffirm the principles that unite us all: American exceptionalism, the Constitution, and the importance of limiting the burden of government.”
再者，我們來看看2012美共和黨Platform關於台灣的說法：
We salute the people of Taiwan, a sound democracy and economic model for Mainland China. Our relations must continue to be based upon the provisions of the Taiwan Relations Act. America and Taiwan are united in our shared belief in fair elections, personal liberty, and free enterprise. We oppose any unilateral steps by either side to alter the status quo in the Taiwan Straits on the principle that all issues regarding the island’s future must be resolved peacefully, through dialogue, and be agreeable to the people of Taiwan. If China were to violate those principles, the U.S., in accord with the Taiwan Relations Act, will help Taiwan defend itself. We praise steps taken by both sides of the Taiwan Strait to reduce tension and strengthen economic ties. As a loyal friend of America, Taiwan has merited our strong support, including free trade agreements status, as well as the timely sale of defensive arms and full participation in the World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, and other multilateral institutions.
所以，udn報導指出“共和黨透過黨綱表示，台灣值得共和黨大力支持，包括自由貿易協定的地位，及適時出售防禦性武器，這包含建造潛艇的技術；另外，還有充分參與世界衛生組織、國際民航組織及其他多邊機構”，看來與四年前的Platform差異不大，而此次的Platform關於台灣的內容，在2016新任的美國總統上台後實際會如何發展，還待觀察。
不管如何，台灣輿論一直尋求來自美國像“台灣未來由台灣人決定、將助台灣自衛”之類的表示，卻不會讓我有台灣人的尊嚴。
7/20補記：
2016 Republican Platform 出爐了，與2012版比較，如何？
We salute the people of Taiwan, with whom we share the values of democracy, human rights, a free market economy, and the rule of law. Our relations will continue to be based upon the provisions of the Taiwan Relations Act, and we affirm the Six Assurances given to Taiwan in 1982 by President Reagan. We oppose any unilateral steps by either side to alter the status quo in the Taiwan Straits on the principle that all issues regarding the island’s future must be resolved peacefully, through dialogue, and be agreeable to the people of Taiwan. If China were to violate those principles, the United States, in accord with the Taiwan Relations Act, will help Taiwan defend itself. We praise efforts by the new government in Taipei to continue constructive relations across the Taiwan Strait and call on China to reciprocate. As a loyal friend of America, Taiwan has merited our strong support, including free trade agreement status, the timely sale of defensive arms including technology to build diesel submarines, and full participation in the World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, and other multilateral institutions.
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