易混淆單字用法

說 ─ tell/talk/say/speak
看 ─ see/look/watch
聽 ─ hear/listen/sound
＊小提醒＊
小測驗別忘了時態變化囉！

tell/talk/say/speak

tell (tell, told, told)

1.當「告訴」對方一件事或一個事實，通常是一種單向的表達，常見的用法包括：

• tell a story 說故事
• tell the truth 說實話
• tell a lie 說謊

＊小提醒＊
因為  tell 是單方面的告訴對方某事，因此要記得，如果要在 tell 後面加上「被告訴的人」，此代名詞應該要使用「受格」

I’m so sick of those politicians who are never willing to  tell  the truth.
我真是受夠那些政客就是不願意說實話。

Let me  tell  you something: this semester is going to be awesome!
讓我告訴你，這個學期絕對會超棒的。

2. tell 除了「說」的意思之外，也有「分辨」的意思

We can not expect everyone to be able to  tell  truth from lies.
我們無法期待所有人都能夠分辨真實以及謊言。

talk (talk, talked, talked)

1. 在中文中的意思為「對話」、「談話」
2. 常見用法如：

• talk with/to 與某人講話

I’m  talking with  the boss. Stop cutting me off.
我在跟我的老闆講話，不要再插嘴了。
Can I  talk to  you for a second? There’s something you need to know.
我可以跟你談一下嗎？有一些事情你需要知道。

＊小提醒＊
注意這邊的兩個說的表現，前面因為是想要跟對方「談話」，所以使用 “talk” ，但因為後面想要表達的是「告訴」你事情，因此這時就要用 “tell”

• talk about… 談論關於…

The board  talked about  the new marketing strategy in today’s meeting.
董事會在今天的會議中談論了新的行銷策略。

say (say, said, said)

意思較接近於中文的「講」，也常見在新聞報紙、故事對於單一事件的陳述與報導；或是在新聞上或是揭示板上面看到的訊息，也可以用 “said” ，常見用法如：

• It’s said that …/People said that… 據說…

People said that  a lot of  government officials were involved in the scandal.
據說這起弊案有許多政府官員涉入。

The weather report  says  that there will be a storm coming this weekend.
天氣報導指出這個周末會有一場暴風雨來臨。

speak (speak, spoke, spoken)

常見用法包括：

1. 說某種語言

It will be a plus if you are able to  speak  more than one language.
如果你會說不只一種語言，一定能替你加分。

2. 講電話時使用

This is Chris s peaking. 我是 Chris。
May I  speak  to Justin? 我找 Justin。

3. Speaking of… 談到、講到

Speaking of  Christmas, what kind of gifts do you want?
說到聖誕節，你想要什麼禮物呢？

4. 認真的對某人講話

When I’m  speaking  to you, please pay attention.
當我在跟你講話的時候，請你認真聽我說。

＊小測驗＊

1. I __       _ him there’s no way that Peter would  pass the exam yesterday.
2. It’s _____ that  he is very popular at school.
3. John and his girl friend _____ about their future last weekend.
4. Jerry is good at learning languages. He can ____ more than 5 languages.

look/watch/see/read

see (see, saw, seen)

1. see 的意思接近中文的「看到」「看見」，是指「無意」或「有意」的「看」；若是指「無意地看」，不可用進行式。

Wearing glasses can help you  see  things more clearly.
戴眼鏡可以讓你看東西看得更清楚。
The girl said she  saw  that man walking on the street suspiciously last night.
女孩說她看到那個男人昨晚很可疑地走在那條街上。

2. 除了看到之外，see 也可以用在明白某件事情、了解某件事情上

I  see  why you don’t want me to stay over. You don’t even like me.
我明白你為什麼不想要我留下來了，你根本不喜歡我。

look (look, looked, looked)

1. 指「集中目光朝向目標看」，為一種專注的注視與看，後面常加 “at”

Look at that baby! she is so adorable!
看看那個小嬰兒，她好可愛！

2. 常用片語如：

• look for 尋找
• look out 小心
• look forward to 期待
• look down on someone 鄙視、看低某人
• look up to someone 尊敬、敬佩某人

watch (watch, watched, watched)

1. watch 和 look 一樣有「集中目光朝向目標看」的意思，但是「持續一段時間」，因此如電影、演出這種並非短暫觀看就會結束的東西，這時就要使用 “watch” 而非 “look”，如：
watch TV 看電視/ watch a play 看一場演出

2. watch 也有不當作「看」解釋的片語：watch out 注意、留意

Penny really should start to  watch out  her health. Quitting smoking is the very first thing she should do.
Penny真的應該要開始注意她的健康了，而她第一件最應該做的事情就是戒菸。

read: 讀、看（書、信、報章、雜誌）

例： I cant read English newspapers.

＊小測驗＊

1. I can tell he likes Sarah by the way he ______ at her.
2. This is the most fascinating view I have ever _______.
3. _______ out! It’s dangerous out there.

談到 “looking forward to” (期待)，你們有什麼期待想要做的事情嗎？

hear/listen/sound

hear (hear, heard, heard)

「被動的」聽到聲音，為「聲音自動進到你的耳朵裡」雖然不是刻意的想要聽，但是自然而然的聽到。

I can  hear  your voice. You don’t have to yell.
我可以聽到你的聲音，你不用吼。

因為這邊聲音是不需要仔細聽就可以被聽到的，因此這邊使用 hear

listen (listen, listened, listened)

1.「主動的」「仔細的聽」 ，後面常加 “to”

Listen! There is someone out there.
聽！有人在外面。

※這邊之所以會用 listen 的原因，是因為這邊要求對方「仔細的聽」

2.要求別人「聽從」意見時，也會使用 listen。

Jessica never  listens to  me. She just does things in her own way.
Jessica 從不聽我的，總是用自己的方法做事。

sound (sound, sounded, sounded)

sound 用來表示事情「聽起來」如何，因此 sound 的主詞不會是聽的人，而是被聽到的人事物，跟前面兩者的主詞是不同的喲！

Your plan  sounds  amazing. I’ll totally join you guys.
你的計劃聽起來超棒，我一定會加入你們的。

＊小測驗＊

1. Craig decided to stay home and _____ to music tonight.
2. _____ to the voice of your heart and follow what it says.
3. Did you _____ what Johnny said last night? He said he’s leaving the company soon.
4. This music clip ______ pretty interesting. What do you think of it?

Listen! 如果你看到這邊，就代表你已經學了不少單字用法囉！
Answers 答案

tell/talk/say/speak

1. I  told  him there’s no way that Peter would  pass the exam yesterday.
我告訴他Peter絕對不可能通過考試的。
2. It’s  said  that  he is very popular at school.
據說他在學校很受歡迎。
3. John and his girl friend  talked  about their future last weekend.
上週末John跟他女友談到他們的未來。
4. Jerry is good at learning languages. He can  speak  more than 5 languages.
Jerry 很有語言天分，他會說超過五種語言。

look/watch/see

1. I can tell he likes Sarah by the way he  looks  at her.
我可以從他看 Sarah 的方式感覺得出來他喜歡她。
2. This is the most fascinating view I have ever  seen.
這是我有史以來看過最棒的風景。
3. Look/Watch  out! It’s dangerous out there.
小心！外面很危險的。

hear/listen/sound

1. Craig decided to stay home and  listen  to music tonight.
   Craig 決定今天晚上要留在家聽音樂。
   2. Listen  to the voice of your heart and follow what it says.
   聽聽你心裡的聲音，跟著你心裡的聲音走。
   3. Did you  hear  what Johnny said last night? He said he’s leaving the company soon.
   你有聽見 Johnny 昨晚說的話嗎？他說他快要離開公司了。
   4. This music clip  sounds  pretty interesting. What do you think of it ?
   這段音樂聽起來蠻有趣的，你覺得如何？

第一部分：單題式選擇

1. John and Tom are baseball fans. They love to 　　　 about baseball games.

(A) say　(B) speak　(C) tell　(D) talk

2. She can 　　　 five languages.(A) say　(B) speak　(C) tell　(D) talk

3. Susan usually 　　　 the story Snow White to her children.

(A) says　(B) speaks　(C) tells　(D) talks

4. Lucy: I cant find Sophie. Where is she?

Jane: She 　　　 she had to return a book. Maybe shes at the library now.

(A) said　(B) spoke　(C) told　(D) talked

5. She 　　　 me that she liked swimming.

(A) said　(B) spoke　(C) told　(D) talked

6. The morning paper 　　　 there was a big fire in Hualien.

(A) says　 (B) speaks　(C) tells　(D) talks

7. My classmate, Tim, likes to 　　　 lies.

(A) say　(B) speak　(C) tell　(D) talk

8. William: Hello, this is William 　　　. Is that Maggie?

Joseph: You have the wrong number.

(A) saying　(B) speaking　(C) telling 　(D) talking

9. It is 　　　 that she is the best tennis player in Taiwan.

(A) said　(B) spoken　(C) told　(D) talked

10. Ted is only five, but he can 　　　 the time.

(A) say　(B) speak　(C) tell　(D) talk

11. Steve: The cake is so delicious.

Huck: You can 　　　 that again.

(A) say　(B) speak　(C) tell　(D) talk

第二部分：整段式填空。請依上、下文意，在空格內填入say, speak, tell, talk，並做適當改變。

Nancy: Look at you. You look terrible.

Jack:    Yeah! Today is not my day.

Nancy: 　(1)   　  me what happened.

Jack:    I had a car accident this morning.

Nancy: Did you get hurt?

Jack:    No, but my bike was broken.

Nancy: I (2)      you to be careful. By the way, did the man (3)   　 anything about the broken bike?

Jack:    Yes, but he 　(4)　      English, and I didnt understand it at all. So I came back home.

Nancy: Well, fortunately (幸運地), you are safe now.

標題句：The watch costs only $200.
　　　　It takes me one hour to wash my car.
　　　　They spent one hour washing the car.
　　　　Mr. Lin paid $1,500 for the meal.

結　構：cost, take, spend, pay 的用法

 cost, take, spend, pay 這四個動詞經常會讓台灣學生混淆不清，原因無外於它們所對應的中文，往往都會有一個字「花 ‧‧‧」有關，這包括了「花時間」和「花金錢」。這四個動詞用法上的注意事項如下：

現就這四個動詞的相關用法，概略說明如下：

1. cost 的本意為「價值」，故僅限用於「主詞」為「物」時，當然也僅限用於「金錢」上。（ 過去式為 cost，過去分詞也是 cost ）

　句型用法：

　物品 + cost(s) + 人 + ＄.　　　（物）花了（人）（＄）

　It + cost(s) + 人 + ＄ + to + 原形動詞.　　　買（物）花了（人）（＄）

2. pay 的本意為「付錢」，故只能用於「金錢」上，當然「主詞」也只能是「人」。（ 過去式為 paid，過去分詞也是 paid ）

　句型用法：

　人 + pay + ＄ + for + 物品.　　　（人）付 ＄ 買（物）

 3. spend 用於花費「時間、金錢」，主詞只能是「人」，其後若有第二個動詞，則只能用「動名詞」形式。（ 過去式為 spent，過去分詞也是 spent ）

　句型用法：
　 人 + spend + 時間/ ＄ + V-ing.　　　（人）花（時間/ ＄ ）做（事）或買（物）
　 人 + spend + ＄ + on + 物品.　　　（人）花 ＄ 買（物）

4. take 用於花費「時間」，主詞有三種可能情形，其後若有第二個動詞，則只能用「不定詞」形式。（ 過去式為 took，過去分詞是 taken ）

　句型用法：
　 It + takes + 人 + 時間 + to + 原形動詞.　　　做（事）花了（人）（時間）
　 V-ing (動名詞當主詞) + takes + 人 + 時間.　　　做（事）花了（人）（時間）
　 人+ take + 時間 + to + 原形動詞.　　　（人）花（時間）做（事）

It + takes + 某種人（物） + to + 原形動詞.　　　（某種人/物）才會去做（某事）

讓腦筋整理一下：看了上述四個動詞的相關句型後，頭腦不「花」才怪；請根據上述的四個句型，填寫底下的整理表（如 pay「主詞」的例子，在符合處打 ○ ），再核對一下答案，看看弄懂了沒？（打Ｘ處代表不用填寫）[ 核對答案 ]

想想看二：在「It + takes + 人 + 時間 + to + 原形動詞.」句型中，主詞 It 是扮演什麼角色？真正的主詞又是在哪裡？[ 答案 ] It 是「假主詞」，真主詞是句尾的「不定詞」，亦即在「to + 原形動詞」上。

在有點概念之後，再舉分別幾個例子，應可更了解各句型的用法：

想想看三：請依上、下文意，選出最適當答案。

1. Susan: This handbag looks beautiful. How much is it?
　 Jean: I 　　　 $2,000 for it.
　 (A) cost　(B) paid　(C) spent　(D) took

2. 　　　 spent about an hour eating dinner in that pizza store.
　 (A) Washing a car　(B) A pound of beef　(C) Mr. and Mrs. Wang　(D) The nice trip

3. The house 　　　 the Nixon family more than 5 million NT dollars five years ago.
　 (A) cost　(B) paid　(C) spent　(D) took

4. Please drive the car carefully. I spent $860,000 　　　 it. You know its a big money for a man like me.
　(A) in　(B) at　(C) for　(D) on

5. Shannon: Did you see the watch while we window-shopped last night?
　Emily: Do you mean youre interested in it? It must 　　　 a lot.
　 (A) cost　(B) pay　(C) spend　(D) take

6. Mr. Wilson is very satisfied with the sculpture (雕像) which 　　　 him about five years to finish.
　 (A) cost　(B) paid　(C) spent　(D) took

7. Do you really want to go to the USA for your doctor degree (博士學位)? Itll 　　　 you at least three years.
　 (A) cost　(B) pay　(C) spend　(D) take

8. Steves office is clean. He always gets to his office earlier and spends twenty minutes 　　　 it.
　(A) clean　(B) cleaning　(C) to clean　(D) cleaned

9. Its not right for you to 　　　 the workers just a little money to make them do that hard work.
　 (A) cost　(B) pay　(C) spend　(D) take

10. It has taken more than one and half a years 　　　 his farm house.
　(A) build　(B) building　(C) to build　(D) built

11. Ive spent a whole day 　　　 the CD player, but it still cant work.
　(A) fix　(B) fixing　(C) to fix　(D) fixed

12. Dont forget to prepare for your final test earlier. It 　　　 time.
　 (A) costs　(B) pays　(C) spends　(D) takes

13. If I were you, I wouldnt fix the car any more. It 　　　 money.
　 (A) costs　(B) pays　(C) spends　(D) takes

[  核對答案 ]

想想看四：請將下列各句，翻譯成英文；請儘量試著依上述各種句型表和例句，寫出各種不同的表達方式。

1. Jeff 每天花十分鐘騎腳踏車到學校。

2. 那些花花了他六百元。

3. Iris 去年夏天花一個月的時間學習使用電腦。

4. 黃先生只付1,500元買他兒子的手機。

5. 這位仁慈的母親，每天都會花二個鐘頭幫她的女兒做功課。

[ 核對答案 ]

 1. Jeff 每天花十分鐘騎腳踏車到學校。

It takes Jeff ten minutes to ride a bicycle to school every day.

或 Jeff takes ten minutes to ride a bicycle to school every day.

或 Jeff spends ten minutes riding a bicycle to school every day.

2. 那些花花了他六百元。

The/Those flowers cost him six hundred dollars/$600.

或 He spends/spent six hundred dollars on the/those flowers.

或 He pays six hundred dollars for the/those flowers.

3. Iris 去年夏天花一個月的時間學習使用電腦。

Iris took a month to learn to use computers last summer.

或 Learning to use computers took Iris a month last summer.

或 It took Iris a month to learn to use computers last summer.

或 Iris spent a month learning to use computers last summer.

4. 黃先生只付1,500元買他兒子的手機。

Mr. Huang pays/paid only $1,500 for his sons cell phone.

或 His sons cell phone costs/cost Mr. Huang only $1,500.

或 Mr. Huang spends/spent only $1,500 on his sons cell phone.

5. 這位仁慈的母親，每天都會花二個鐘頭幫她的女兒做功課。

The/This kind mother spends two hours helping her daughter (to) do her homework every day.

或 The/This kind mother takes two hours to help her daughter (to) do her homework every day.

或 Helping her daughter (to) do her homework takes the/this kind mother two hours every day.

或 It takes the/this kind mother two hours every day to help her daughter (to) do her homework.

have, eat, drink及take的使用說明

在中文裡的「吃」，常會造成部分學生的困擾，本測驗的目的，即是在使學生們釐清這四個對應中文「吃」的國中英語單詞，現分別概述說明如下：

１. have：吃；喝；有（過去式和過去分詞均為 had）

　　 ── have 的用法較廣，可代換 eat 和 drink。

　例：

　 1. I have breakfast at home every morning.

　 2. She sat down and had her juice.

2. eat：吃（ 過去式為 ate，過去分詞為 eaten ）

3. drink：喝；喝酒（過去式為 drank，過去分詞為 drunk）

* 若指喝酒，就不要在後面加受詞，除非特定指某種酒

例如： Earl drinks at dinner. (O) Earl drinks wine at dinner. (X) Earl drinks beer at dinner. (O)

4. take：服（藥）；吃（藥）（ 過去式為 took，過去分詞為 taken ）

第一部分：填空。請依前後文意思，填入適當的動詞（have, eat, take, drink）並做適當的變化。

1. Helen 　　　 beef noodles for lunch yesterday.

2. Peter always 　　　 his breakfast quickly and rides to school.

3. Mom likes to 　　　 a cup of coffee every morning.

4. My sister is on a diet, so she only 　　　 two meals every day.

5. I caught a cold. After I 　　　 some medicine, I felt better.

6. We 　　　 a big dinner last night.

7. Coco: Where do you like to 　　　 for dinner tonight?

　 Tina: Let me see. Hmmm ... How about McDonalds?

8. My little brother loves to 　　　 cookies.

9. Dont 　　　 before you drive.

第二部分：整段式填空。請依前後文意思，填入適當的動詞（have, eat, take, drink）並做適當的變化。

(In a restaurant.)

Mary: What would you like to 　(1)        　?

Amy: I want fried rice.

Mary: Anything to 　(2)         　?

Amy: I like milk tea, please.

Mary: OK. I will order them for you.

(Thirty minutes later.)

Mary: I am thirsty. I want to (3)      　 some orange juice. Do you want some?

Amy: No, thank you. But I want some hot water because I need to (4)         　 the medicine after lunch.