語氣（Mood）
3、假設法(條件句)
四類條件句
第零類：
陳述一般事實、習慣行為、不變定律、或科學真理，它是指『只要條件吻合，結果一定發生』。假設法現在式
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狀態 結構
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條件子句
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主要子句
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『只要條件吻合，結果一定發生』
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If+…現在簡單式,
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現在簡單式
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真理、事實
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If/ When you heat ice,
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it melts.
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If/When iron gets wet,
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it rusts.
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習慣
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If/when Judy has homework to do,
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she does it right away.
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Unless Cindy wears glasses,
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she cant drive.
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當正在…時(習慣)
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If +…現在進行式,
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現在簡單式
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If/When I am driving,
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I never answer my cell phone.
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第一類
未來可能實現假設/迷信/恐嚇（假設法現在式/現在進行式/現在完成式）
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狀態 結構
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條件子句
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主要子句
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未來可能實現
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If+…現在簡單式,
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(will, can, may, might)+原式
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It may rain.
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If it rains,
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I will stay home.
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You may study hard.
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If you study hard,
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you will pass the exam.
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You can hurry.
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If you dont hurry,
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you might miss the flight.
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He may come.
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If he comes,
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I might see him.
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迷信行為
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If you whistle at midnight,
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the ghost will come to you.
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If you break a bowl on New Years Day,
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you will have bad luck for the whole year!
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恐嚇、警告行爲
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If you say that again,
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I will smack you.
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第二類
與現在事實相反的假設（假設法過去式）
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狀態 結構
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條件子句
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主要子句
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與現在事實相反的假設、想象或願望
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If+…過去式(were),（或過去進行式）
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(would, could, should, might)+原式
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I’m not rich.
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If I were rich,
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I would buy a sport car.
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I’m not a bird.
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If I were a bird,
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I could fly.
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It’s raining.
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If it were not raining,
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We would go on a picnic.
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I’m not working now.
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If I were working now,
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I would have money to pay the rent.
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I can’t be a dragon
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If I could be a dragon for a day,
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I would probably use my fire to barbeque.
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現在或未來不能實現的願望
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……wish +主詞
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過去式；were；過去式助動詞（would/could/….）
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I am not there.
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I wish I
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were there.
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I can’t fly.
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I wish I
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could fly.
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It rains today.
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I wish it
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didn’t rain today.
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You will not come.
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I wish you
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would come tomorrow.
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好像/儼然/活像
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主要子句(現在式)
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As if/as though主詞+過去式；were; would/could/…
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He doesn’t know everything.
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He talks
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as if (though) he knew everything.
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He’s not a king.
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He lives
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as if (though) he were a king.
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Use your eyes
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as if (though) tomorrow you would be blind.
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第三類
與過去事實相反的假設（假設法過去完成式）
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狀態 結構
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條件子句
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主要子句
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與過去事實相反的假設、想象或願望
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If+…過去完成式
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(would,could,should,might)+ 完成式
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I didn’t have money.
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If I had had money,
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I would have bought a sport car.
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He didn’t work hard.
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If he had worked hard,
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he could have passed the exam.
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It rained.
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If it had not rained
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We would have gone on a picnic.
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過去未實現的願望
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……wish +主詞
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過去完成式
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You were not here.
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I wish you
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had been there
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It rained yesterday.
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I wish it
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had not rained yesterday.
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好像/儼然/活像
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主要子句(過去式)
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as if/as though+主詞+過去完成式
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He has never been to China before.
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He talks
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as if/as though he had been to China.
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4、基本句型
5、情態助動詞 (Modal Auxiliary Verbs)—純萃助動詞
情態助動詞置於主要動詞之前，它幫助主要動詞來表達能力、意願、請求、許可、命令、客氣、義務、責任、告誡、或猜測(可能性)等各種不同的語氣或態度。情態助動詞有： can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would。**沒有人稱、單數和過去分詞、現在分詞**
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can
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有能力(能，會)； 允許(可以，能)； 請求(能，可以)； 可能性
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could
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有能力(能，會)； 請求； 建議； 應該；猜測
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may
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允許(可以，能)； 祝願； 猜測
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might
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可能、可以；請求； 猜測
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must
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責任、義務(必須, 非...不可)； 告誡； 命令(一定要); 猜測
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ought to
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責任或義務(應該，應當)； 可能性
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shall
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建議；未來式
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should
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責任(應該，應當)；可能性
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will
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命令(應該)； 可能； 願意； 未來式
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would
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要求；希望； 願意； 未來式
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情態助動詞後面跟著(不帶 to 的)動詞原式
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字體：小 中 大
