(前言)
介係詞和不同性質的名詞一起使用,可以引介出不同的關係的介係詞片語,用來修飾句子的動詞部分,例如地方,時間,方法,工具和狀態,當作副詞來使用,在這裡分別表述。
(壹) 介係詞 + 工具
(A) by + 交通工具 (注意,這裡交通工具視為不可數的名詞,不加 a, 不加複數
字尾 -s。)
by bus | by car | by plane | by bike |
by motorcycle | by MRT | by scooter | by horse |
(B) by +交通工具 可以和 其它介係詞片語代換,但是這些名詞必須恢復普通可數名
詞的特質,單數前面要加上a/an, 複數則需加上字尾-s/-es,一一列舉如下:
(I) by + 大型公共交通工具 = on + a/the + 大型公共交通工具
1. by bus = on a bus / on the bus
2. by MRT= on the MRT
3. by THSR = on the THSR
4. by train = on a train / on the train
5. by plane = on a plane / on the plane
(II) by + 汽車類 = in + a / the / one's + 汽車類
1. by car = in a car / in the car / in one's car
2. by taxi = in a taxi / in the taxi
(III) by + 兩輪交通工具 & 動物
= on + a / the/ one's 兩輪交通工具 & 動物
1. by motorcycl = on a motorcycle / on the motorcycl /
on one's motorcycle
2. by bicycle = on a bicycle / on bicycles /
by thecycle / on one's bicycle(s)
3. by horse = on a horse / on the horse /
on one's horse / on horses
(C) by + 海陸運輸
Ex: 1. We are going to Canada by air. We won't drive this time.
2. How will the computers sent to the UK? By sea, of course.
(D) by + 其它工具
by (tele)phone 用電話 | by radio 用無線電 | by telegram 用電報 | by mail 用郵件 |
by email 用電子郵件 | by hand 用手 | | |
(注意)
by +工具名詞,這些名詞視為不可數,不加定冠詞(a, an. the),也不加複數字尾-s,但是代換成其他介係詞的時候,這些名詞恢復前述的一般可數名詞的文法的特質。
1. by telephone = on the telephone , 2. by raido = on the radio
3. by hand = with hands
(E) with + 工具名詞
with chopsticks 用筷子 | with a spoon用湯匙 | with a pen / with pens 用筆 |
Ex:
1. Tom doesn't like to eat Chinese food with chopsticks.
2. People used to write with a pen. Now they just key in the computer
whatever they want to write.
3. I need a pen to write with.
4. I'll pay with a credit card.
(F) 其他介係詞 + 工具
Ex:
1. How would like to pay? I'd like to pay in cash today.