《靜思晨語。法譬如水》482. 修淨防非

Practice Purity, Guard Against Wrong

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佛陀對我們的教育，就是我們要好好身心調攝。調攝身心是用什麼方法呢？戒！

The Buddha taught us how to condition our bodies and minds. What method do we use? Precepts.

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戒是內修淨念
防非止惡從善德
是學之入心
行身教立典範

With precepts, we inwardly cultivate pure thoughts prevent wrongdoings, stop evil and do good. Virtue comes from taking them to heart and setting an example through our actions.

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所以說－－「戒是內修淨念，防非止惡從善；德是學之入心，行身教立典範。」

"With precepts, we inwardly cultivate pure thoughts prevent wrongdoings, stop evil and do good. Virtue comes from taking them to heart and setting an example through our actions."

這就是戒德。

This is the virtue of the precepts.

所以我們學佛，要好好持戒；持戒就是從我們內心建立清淨的念。

So, as we learn Buddhism we must uphold precepts. By doing so, we can establish pure thoughts in our minds.

我們若是心念不清淨，就容易招來外面形形色色、是是非非的煩惱，所以我們一定要戒。戒得外面的是非、煩惱能夠不入心來；即使外面有什麼誘惑，來引誘我們，我們有戒，自然我們就能防非止惡。

If our thoughts are not pure, they easily attract all kinds of conflicts and afflictions. So, we must have precepts. We need to abstain from conflicts and afflictions. So they will not enter our minds. Even if there are temptations in our environment that seduce us, with precepts we can guard against wrong and stop evil.

不只是惡的不應該入我們的心；我們還要將善的，發揮在人群中！所以我們若有戒，我們才能去預防，才不會讓惡念入心，甚至我們還能善念發揮，這就是戒的功能。

Not only will evil not enter our minds, we can practice kindness among others. If we have precepts, we can prevent and stop evil thoughts from entering our minds. We can even develop good thoughts. This is the function of precepts.

德呢？就是德者得也。常常對大家說，我們學要學得有心得，這分心得要入心來。所以我們若有用功，佛陀的教法，用在我們的日常生活中，在日常生活對事對物，我們就能在事物人中，產生了知識，更再進階上去，就產生了意識；再進階上去，就是智慧了，所以這就是德。所以德是從做中來，用心學，我們就能學到常識也好，知識也好，最高的目的就是智慧。

What about virtues? Virtues are gained by the virtuous. I often say that when we learn, we should gain understanding and absorb that understanding into our minds. So, if we work hard and use the Buddha's teachings in our daily living, when dealing with matters or things, we can develop a general understanding about people and matters. If we take it to a higher level, we develop knowledge. If we take it further to the next level, that is wisdom. These are virtues. Virtues are learned. If we learn mindfully, we can attain understanding, knowledge, and the highest goal, which is wisdom.

我們能得到智慧的心，我們若有智慧，就去掉一切的惡，成就一切的善在我們的行中，所以行中有法。所以這就是常常對大家說的：「心中有佛、行中有法。」

With wisdom we can eliminate all evil and accomplish all good deeds in our practice. Then we have Dharma in our actions. This is what I often say keep the Buddha in your hearts, the Dharma in your actions.

入於人群中能立典範，所以行身教立典範，這就是我們人人在佛法中要學的。所以戒是我們的起步，有戒我們才能不犯錯；不犯錯我們才能事事從善，所以人人要用心。

Then we can be a model for others and set an example with our actions. This is what we need to learn from the Dharma. Precepts are the first step. With precepts we will not do wrong. Then everything we do can be good. So, everyone needs to be mindful.

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或貢高矯假 偃蹇自用
跋扈抵揬 不識人情
自是非他 希望僥倖
如是等罪 今悉懺悔

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我們上次在《靜思晨語。法譬如水。互為明鏡》已經說過了：「要近善友、遠惡知識。」我們今天繼續來看，接下來在懺文裡這麼說－－「或貢高驕慢，偃蹇自用，跋扈抵揬；不識人情，自是非他，希望僥倖。如是等罪，今悉懺悔。」

As I said previously, draw close to good friends, avoid evil ones. Today we look at what the repentance text says, "We may have been arrogant, pretentious, conceited, opinionated, domineering and easily provoked. We may have disregarded relationships, thinking we were right and they were wrong and hoped for a lucky break. For these and other transgressions, today we completely repent."

這段文字也是很簡單。我們就知道，我們除了要親近善友，遠離惡人之外；我們自己也是最需要謹慎自省的。所以，人云：「最惡的敵人就是我們自己！」我們自己的心若有一點偏差，我們的行為就步步錯誤。

This section of text is also very simple. We need to know that we should be close with wholesome friends and distance ourselves from negative ones, but it is also said, "We are our own greatest enemies." If our minds go slightly astray, all our subsequent behavior will be wrong.

常常說：「我們要調伏我們的心。」有智慧的人就沒有貢高了；就是因為沒有智慧，一點點才情，一點才華就以為自己很行了。

I often say that we need to control our minds. People with wisdom are not arrogant. If we lack wisdom, but have a little skill or talent, then we assume we are the best.

所以這種貢高又矯假，這是裝模作樣；就是自己實在是沒什麼，就假裝感覺我懂得很多，大家如果提這個頭，我們就知道這件事，就一直說：「我知道，這是什麼什麼…。」我們應該要保持沉默，人家說的話我們要用心好好聽，這叫做虛心求教；意思就是我們的心，要放得很寬大，我們雖然懂得很多，我們還要容納別人對我們的建議，或是他提出的建設。說不定一件事，我們雖然知道得很多，但是他還有另外一種解釋。所以我們應該開闊我們的心，虛心就教。

This is arrogant and pretentious. This is posturing. We are not special, but we pretend to know a lot. If someone raises a point, we think we know all about it. We may say, "I know. It's this and that." We should remain silent. When others speak we need to listen mindfully. This is humbly asking for teachings. This means we really need to open our minds. Although we know much, we need to accommodate others' suggestions or input and opinions. Perhaps we know much about something, but they have a different explanation. So, we need to open our minds and humbly ask for teachings.

他若在說的當中，這是哪個地方有一點點偏差，我們能用很謙虛的態度，來告訴他。雖然是對，但是若在這樣的當中，會發生什麼樣的事，我是提出一點看法；對方若能接受，就是彼此之間互相切磋，假使偏差得很遠，執迷不悔，我們敬而遠之，不要一直覺得：「他不對，唯有我知道的才對！」或是：「他才知道那麼一點而已，我知道很多。」其實天下的事，不是我們全都能盡知的，所以有時我們也要多聽，聽聽別人所得到的道理、所看到的感想、做過之後的心得。

If they are slightly wrong in their explanation, we can humbly say, "This seems right, but what happens if you take this other thing into account? I'm just making a small suggestion." If they can accept this, then you can learn from each other. But if they are wildly off and firmly attached to delusions, we should respectfully keep our distance. Do not always think that they are wrong, and that only you know what is right. Do not belittle their knowledge as limited and think you know so much. Truly, we cannot know everything in the world. Sometimes we also need to listen to the understanding others have attained, their feelings and realizations from seeing or doing something.

智慧不一定在經典裡面，不一定全都在學識中，最重要的就是在人群中，我們能合群入眾這是最重要的！

Wisdom is not only found in the Sutras or in academic knowledge. The most important wisdom is only found when we have good relationships with others.

你若是貢高或是矯假，裝模作樣，這種人自高自大，這種人實在是無法與人合群，所以我們要很小心！

If we are arrogant, pretentious, or always posturing, it will truly be difficult to live harmoniously with others. So, let us be very careful.

「偃蹇自用」就是很橫行驕傲這種的人。除了貢高之外，還很驕傲，做事情很霸道，這叫做「偃蹇自用」或是「跋扈抵揬。」

"Conceited and opinionated" refers to people who are unrestrained and arrogant. Besides being conceited, they are arrogant. They are very overbearing in handing things. Such people are "conceited and opinionated" Perhaps we are "domineering and easily provoked."

就是因為自己的心很容易觸怒，看到人家做什麼事不順眼，他很快就在內心壓制不住，馬上發脾氣；不只是發脾氣，身體就發起動作，吵架、摔東西等等，這種內心怒氣他壓制不住，很快就觸怒，那種形態叫做「跋扈抵揬。」這就是心裡一點不高興，就馬上發出來，在人群中會讓人感到很不安！

Perhaps we are easily enraged, so whenever someone does something displeasing, we cannot suppress our reaction. We immediately lose our temper. On top of losing our temper, we react with our bodies. We yell, throw things, and so on. We cannot suppress this inner rage. We are easily enraged. This is being "domineering and easily provoked". If we are even a little bit unhappy, we express it immediately. Others will then feel uneasy around us.

或是「不識人情，自是非他」不懂得人情世故。我們要知道，做人我們要識人；很多事我們都要去了解分析，人事物，在人與人之間，情我們要能分得清楚。有的是恩情、感情等等，或是同情，這都是情。多少種的人，我們要對他付出人情，我們要感受到這分人情，父母給我們的恩情，師長教育我們的恩情，大地眾生提供給我們生活，眾生的恩情…

We may "disregard relationships, thinking we are right and they are wrong." We do not have worldly wisdom. We need to know how to understand other people. We must understand and analyze many things. When it comes to people and matters, we need to clearly identify our emotions. Gratitude, affection, sympathy, etc., are all emotions. We have relationships with many types of people. We need to feel the kindness of others, the kindness of our parents, or the kindness of our teachers in educating us, or that of the whole world and all sentient beings in providing for us.

還有另外的就是感情，感情就很複雜了！

Then there is affection. Affection is complicated.

所以我們一定要知道，在人與人之間，人情世故我們應該了解。但是有的人，什麼事都很衝動，除了貢高自大以外，壓制不住自己的性情，常常很衝動，所以心中對人情世故都不會分別，所以「不識人情。」

So, we need to know the feelings between people, and understand how relationships work. But some people are always very impulsive. Besides being arrogant and egotistical, they cannot suppress their temperament. They are very impulsive, so they do not recognize proper conduct; they cannot differentiate anything, so they "disregard relationships."

我們學佛「識人情」很重要，因為我們在這個空間，人與人之間，所以不能不懂人情。所以若能懂人情，自然就不會橫行唐突，就不會了。所以「不識人情」多數都是「自是非他」，自以為「學佛還要說什麼情！我最對，還要說什麼情！來，來論理、來說法！」但是他就是不說情，這樣就不行了。無論事理都要通融；當然法很重要，但是我們要用在人間中，所以情理法一定要圓融。

In learning Buddhism, recognizing relationships is important because we live in this space with other people. We have to understand relationships so we will not be overbearing or brusque. That will not happen. So, those who "disregard relationships" often think "we are right and they are wrong." "Why talk about emotions? I am right. Who cares about relationships? Let us talk about logic, Dharma." They refuse to address relationships. This is not right. Whether in matters or principles, we must be accommodating. Dharma is very important, but when we are using it in this world, relationship reason and Dharma must be in harmony.

所以還有一種人，就是有這種「自是非他，希望僥倖」的問題。

Therefore, some think "we are right and they are wrong, and hope for a lucky break."

「僥倖」到底是什麼呢？「僥倖」就是虛的，那種在什麼樣的環境中，剛好別人有什麼事發生，我們雖然也做了同樣的事情，但是沒有受到同樣的報應，逃過一劫；這樣就自覺慶幸，而不能見苦知福、見不賢內自省的自我反省，以為自己比較特別，不會遇到同樣的事情，這就是「僥倖」。所以，「僥倖」就是在那種自以為不會遇到有什麼樣的變故、有什麼事都自認會和自己無關，還是去走旁門左道的路徑，不是很踏實一路順利過來，不是。

What exactly is a lucky break? A "lucky break" has no basis. When we are in certain circumstances, and something bad happens to someone else, but we are unaffected, this is a "lucky break." When there is an unforeseen accident we cannot walk our path smoothly and steadily.

還有一種，有人說：「僥倖賺，得失賠」！意思就是不正當的，你不擇手段去賺錢，不擇手段去做來的，讓你賺很多錢，其實這是一種失德的事。另外一種就是這樣的解釋。

Some people say, "If we earn money with a lucky break we lose our virtue." This means the methods were improper. Someone made money at any cost, by any means. That is very immoral. So this is another explanation.

所以「希望僥倖」就不是正當的，但是他得到了。

So, "hoping for a lucky break" means using improper means to attain things.

「如是等罪，今悉懺悔」！意思就是我們要好好縮小自己，用我們的真才實智走入人群中，這就是我們要好好持戒，我們若有戒有德，這些東西就都不會有了；我們若是犯戒失德，自然這些東西就浮現出來，在我們的心、在我們的行為中，所以我們要時時用心。

"For these and other transgressions, today we completely repent." This means we need to humble ourselves and use our true talents and knowledge among others. To do this we need to uphold precepts. With precepts and virtues, we will not have these bad qualities. If we violate precepts and lose our virtue, these qualities will appear in our minds and our behavior. So, let us always be mindful.

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或臨財無讓
不廉不恥屠肉沽酒
欺誑自活

We may not share imminent wealth because we have no honor, no shame. We may have slaughtered animals, sold alcohol, or practiced deception to make a living.

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再來又說－－「或臨財無讓，不亷不恥，屠肉沽酒，欺誑自活。」

"We may not share imminent wealth because we have no honor, no shame. We may have slaughtered animals, sold alcohol, or practiced deception to make a living."

這些也是現在的人，我們能常常看到「臨財無讓。」平時在和人做事時，大家合起來，共同為一件事認真打拼。

We often see this with people nowadays. They "do not share imminent wealth." Usually when we work with others, we diligently strive toward the same goal.

以現在的企業來說，有的人覺得，現在社會所需要的是什麼？一個人的力量沒辦法，就找很多人集思廣益，運用大家的知識，我們大家來討論，要如何開闢一番事業。大家就來合股，開始認真打拼，這分事業很成功。

In terms of today's businesses, some people feel that modern society's need cannot be met by the strength of one person alone. So, they find many people to pool their knowledge. They use everyone's knowledge to discuss ways to forge a business. Everyone throws in their assets and they all work hard to make it a success.

從開始那種開頭大家合心努力，這個東西以我們的知識、以我們的才華，以我們的努力而成功。在這個過程中，到後來已經變一個很大的企業；在這之間開始一邊在賺錢時，愈來愈想要佔有共同努力的成果，所以「臨財無讓」。在心裡面存著：「這些如果能都我來賺就對了；我很不想再分給別人！」的心態，就開始爭奪。如此，這種「臨財無讓」是利，那麼這個智就昏亂了。

In the beginning, everyone is cooperative and through their collective knowledge, talents and hard work, they are able to succeed. Through this process, they create a large company. As it begins to earn money, some begin to want to take over. So they "do not share imminent wealth." They want to make all the money without sharing it with others. When they "do not share imminent wealth," wealth has scrambled their brains.

所以「見財心詐」，這種有的人看到錢，本來是很善良，本來是幫人在保護，所以看了很多之後，會變成――「我這麼辛苦，只是在這裡當守財奴；我付出那麼多，我怎麼和他這樣子分！」像這種心態一起，就迷失了我們的智慧，原來本具的智慧就迷失了。

They see wealth and become deceitful. When they first saw money, they were kind, and helped each other protect it. But over time, they thought, "I work so hard. I am just guarding their wealth. I gave so much, why do I need to share it with them?" when this mindset arises, they have lost their wisdom.

所以自然就產生那種「不亷不恥」，意思就是失去我們本有的德，所以所做的就是如何去佔有人，即使這件事被人知道了，會變成什麼樣，他沒有想到這些後果，所以這種不清亷，也不顧亷恥，這種人他就會貪污或是侵佔，這就是「臨財無讓」「不亷不恥」就是沒有亷恥了。

If they lose their innate wisdom, they have "no honor, no shame." They lose their innate virtues. So, they try anything to take other people's share. What happens if others find out? They do not think about consequences. This is not honorable; it is shameless. These people embezzle or misappropriate assets. This is "not sharing imminent wealth, having no honor, no shame," which means having no integrity.

或者是「屠肉沽酒」就是殺，就是為了吃。你看，殺的是一種業！殺業！或是有的人賣酒，賣酒也是讓人喝了後心智迷失。

Or, we "slaughtered animals, sold alcohol." This means we killed in order to eat. See, killing is a profession. Some people sell alcohol so others will drink and lose control of their minds.

或是「欺誑自活」，不論是從事殺業或是賣酒，使人的心亂了，或是身體失去健康，他都不管，反正這些行業能賺錢就對了。

Or, people "practice deception to make a living." The professions of killing and selling alcohol disturb people's minds or destroy the health of the body. But they do not care, as long as they make money.

如此，傷害人的身體，擾亂了人的心智，這都不對！我們學佛，不要破壞了人間的倫理道德，殺生也沒有道理，喝酒亂性也會脫離人性的社會，就會造成亂象。所以我們應該，無論是什麼樣的生活，我們都要先思考人群，人群的道德，這才真正是我們生在人間的目標。

Harming others' bodies and disrupting their minds is very wrong. As we learn Buddhism, we must not break human morals and ethics. There is no reason to kill. Drunken conduct marginalizes us and creates chaos and disorder. So, no matter what type of life we lead, we need to first consider others and consider ethics and virtues. This is truly the goal of our human existence.

各位，學佛我們一定要從愛心，要好好守戒；戒是內修清淨，我們的心要很清淨，我們才能防非，才不會見錢就起貪心，才不會為了賺錢所以不擇手段。所以我們一定要守戒，才能防非止惡從善。

Everyone, as we learn Buddhism, we follow precepts out of love. Precepts help us cultivate purity. Our minds need to be clean so we can guard against wrong, so we are not greedy when we see wealth. Then we will not be tempted to make money by any means possible. So, we must uphold precepts to guard against wrong, stop evil, and do good.

我們的德，學德我們要學入心，我們行身教立典範，如此，這才是我們修行者的本分。所以請大家在日常生活中，要很謹慎；生活中一點心的偏差，行為一點錯誤，可能就敗德喪心病狂。所以大家要時時多用心！

We need to learn and internalize virtues. We need to set an example through our actions. This is the duty of spiritual practitioners. Everyone, please be careful in your daily living. A slight deviation in the mind, a slight mistake in behavior, may cause us to lose our virtues and our minds. So everyone, please always be mindful.