• • Peter Ferdinand Drucker(彼得‧杜拉克)簡介

       1909年出生在奧地利維也納，父親是經濟學者、律師，母親為奧地利首位女性醫學家。彼得‧杜拉克專致於管理的領域，也是作家(建立於廣泛實踐基礎之上的30餘部著作)(Writer)、管理顧問(Management Consultant)、及大學教授(Professor)，且擔任歷屆美國總統擔任顧問，被尊為大師中的大師，譽為「現代管理學之父」。預測知識經濟時代的到來，創造「知識工作者」(knowledge worker)一詞，對世人有卓越貢獻及深遠影響。逝於2005年，96歲。

其名言摘錄- -

    We now accept the fact that learning is a lifelong process of keeping abreast of change. And the most pressing task is to teach people how to learn.In fact, that management has a need for advanced education - as well as for systematic manager development - means only that management today has become an institution of our society.<註解>:維持現狀=橫盤=負和遊戲；持續學習=續漲=正和遊戲- -Learn to earn.

    Today knowledge has power. It controls access to opportunity and advancement.Knowledge has to be improved, challenged, and increased constantly, or it vanishes.The aim of marketing is to know and understand the customer so well the product or service fits him and sells itself.(行銷的目標在於了解客戶，有適合他的產品或服務，就有銷售力)

    Trying to predict the future is like trying to drive down a country road at night with no lights while looking out the back window.The only thing we know about the future is that it will be different.The best way to predict the future is to create it.(預測未來的最好的方法，就是創建它) We can say with certainty - or 90% probability - that the new industries that are about to be born will have nothing to do with information.

    The purpose of business is to create and keep a customer. Business, thats easily defined - its other peoples money，and how to use it well.(商業，這是很容易界定的-它是別人的錢，且如何善用它)

     Management by objective(目標管理)works - if you know the objectives. Ninety percent of the time you dont.Most of what we call management consists of making it difficult for people to get their work done.So much of what we call management consists in making it difficult for people to work.Whats measured improves.

    Efficiency is doing better what is already being done. The most efficient way to produce anything is to bring together under one management as many as possible of the activities needed to turn out the product.

    Making good decisions is a crucial skill at every level.People who dont take risks generally make about two big mistakes a year. People who do take risks generally make about two big mistakes a year.Most discussions of decision making assume that only senior executives make decisions or that only senior executives decisions matter. This is a dangerous mistake.(假如只有高層管理人員作出決定，或只由高級管理人員來決定事項，這是一個危險的錯誤)

    Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.(管理只要把事做對，領導則要做對的事) Effective leadership is not about making speeches or being liked; leadership is defined by results not attributes.The productivity of work is not the responsibility of the worker but of the manager.Executives owe it to the organization and to their fellow workers not to tolerate nonperforming individuals in important jobs.No institution can possibly survive if it needs geniuses or supermen to manage it. It must be organized in such a way as to be able to get along under a leadership composed of average human beings.

   Never mind your happiness; just do your duty.