《靜思晨語。法譬如水》191. 七漏

The Seven Leaks

修行，我們要有很多因緣具足，健康的身體、平安的環境、充分的時間，這都是人人在修行也是很重要，偏偏不知不覺都會被漏掉。

In order to cultivate, we must have all the right conditions. We must have a healthy body, a safe environment, and sufficient time. These are very important for practitioners. However, they are often unnoticeably neglected.

身體是不是能一直健康呢？還是一樣不知覺中，我們的體力消退了；年齡和身體，因為時間無形中的消退漏失。所以我們的年紀增加，身體健康減少，所以同樣老邁衰弱。什麼時候漏失了我們的健康？我們也是不知道。

Can we maintain a healthy body at all times? Our vitality lessens unnoticeably. Youth and health diminish discreetly with the passing of time. As we age, our bodies become less healthy. We become older and weaker. We often have no idea when we lost our health.

尤其是時間，時間什麼時候，一直一直漏失掉，我們也是不知覺。過了一天才說今天過了一天了，原來生命中又少了一天，但是這一天怎麼天亮、怎麼天黑的？這也同樣在不知覺中，所以時間也是不知覺地漏失。

The same is true with time. As time continuously passes, we remain unaware. Only after a day has passed, do we realize that it is gone and we have lost another day in our life. Moreover, we are often unaware of how the day started and how it ended. Time passes away unnoticeably, health also passes away unnoticeably.

 

或因七漏造一切罪
七漏：
1見漏 2修漏 3根漏 4惡漏
5親近漏 6受漏 7念漏

The Seven Leaks may cause all wrongdoings. Seven Leaks: 1Leak of View 2 Leak of Cultivation 3 Leak of Root 4 Leak of Evil 5 Leak of Convenience 6 Leak of Sensation 7 Leak of Thought.

 

一切煩惱有流注
漏泄之意
故名為漏

So "all afflictions are Leaky outflows. Thus, they are called Leaks."

而大自然的境界也是同樣不知覺地漏失，漏就是漏失。我們來看，大部分我們的心靈有七種漏。

Even the natural environment, fades away unnoticeably. This is what is meant by Leak. A Leak is a flaw. Let's examine this. In general, our mind has seven types of Leaks.

剛才說的是外面境界的漏失，我們現在說心靈的漏有七漏，七漏就是煩惱，「漏者」就是「煩惱之異名」。

Those mentioned earlier are external Leaks, now we will discuss the Seven Leaks of the mind. The Seven Leaks are afflictions. "Leak" is "the alternate name of affliction".

好像講佛法不能不說到煩惱，因為法就是藥，法就像清水。藥是對治病，我們人人有心病；清水就是在淨化心靈。

When we talk about Dharma, we must also talk about afflictions. Dharma is like medicine and clean water, medicine is for curing illnesses. All of us have mental afflictions. Clean water is for purigying our minds.

所以我們會常常談到煩惱，所以七漏就是有七種煩惱。意思就是，煩惱就是一直漏失掉。

Therefore, we often talk about afflictions. Thus, the Seven Leaks mean that there are seven kinds of afflictions.

 

人人都有與佛平等的智慧
智慧不斷被煩惱蒙蓋
得到的知識也不斷流失
這叫做「漏」

Everyone has the same wisdom as the Buddha, but the wisdom is constantly obscured by afflictions. The knowledge that we have gained continuously flows away. This is called a Leak.

無論流注多少，就是會一直漏失掉，東西一直注入它還是一直漏掉。好比一只很破爛的桶子，有清水注入，同樣它還是一直漏泄掉。

When there are afflictions, things continuously leak out. Though there is inflow, it keeps leaking out. Just like a very dirty bucket, although clean water is poured in, it will eventually leak out.

就像我們也會有這種狀況：「有啊！我一直要聽佛法，我也知道我滿身煩惱，我知道要用清水來洗滌，要用佛法來對治，我知道，但是聽了就忘了，忘了就話很快就說出來了，不知覺就去傷到人了。要怎麼辦呢？」

Similarly, we often listen to Dharma and understand that our minds are full of afflictions. We also know to use pure water, Buddha-Dharma, to cleanse and counter afflictions. But we often forget. Then we speak carelessly or hurt others unknowingly. What should we do?

或是：「有啊！我很注意，我明明不想這麼做，怎麼不知道為什麼有動作出來，讓人看了覺得很不喜歡。」

Some say, "Yes, I'm very careful. I didn't want to do it. But somehow that behavior came out, and made others very uncomfortable."

這些都是我們的習氣，習氣起諸煩惱，煩惱就是想接受法，卻容易流失、忘記。我們都常常聽到：「我不是故意的，對不起！」得罪了人或是做錯事之後，有的人知道我要及時懺悔，就說我不是故意的。但是不是故意的，就是因為你想要改、想要做、法想要聽，但是又漏掉了，所以習氣現前，又是說錯話、又是做錯事、又是表錯意等等，這都是因為我們好的注入，很快又漏掉。

These are our habitual tendencies. Habits give rise to all afflictions. One affliction is that when we want to learn the Dharma, we forget about it easily. We often hear others say, "I didn't mean it, I'm sorry." After offending others or making mistakes, some know that they have to repent at once. They say it was not their intention. But saying that means, they had wanted to change and do better. They wanted to listen to the Dharma, but could not retain it. Therefore, their habitual tendencies appeared. They speak improperly, make mistakes. They speak improperly, make mistakes, or express their intentions incorrectly. That is because the wholesomeness that flows in quickly leaks away.

也可以說，我們人人都有與佛同等、平等的智慧，但是智慧不斷被煩惱蒙蓋，或是智慧、常識，也是一樣一直漏失掉，所以這叫做「漏」。

We all have the same wisdom as the Buddha. But our wisdom and knowledge is continuously obscured by afflictions, thus it constantly fades away. So it is said to Leak.

 

七漏之一「見漏」
指種種邪見
乃見道所斷

The first is Leak of View. It is the affliction of view.

前面我們也說過了，但是這裡還是又提醒我們，見解就是煩惱，煩惱在七漏中排第一位，那應該就是邪見。

We have mentioned this earlier. We are reminded again that, biased views are afflictions. The first among the Seven Leaks, comes from deviant views.

邪見會傷害我們的道心，所以我們「見道所斷」，它會斷掉我們的道心；邪見，要如何對治，就要我們真正和道會合之後，真正去補漏，道存在才能除掉邪見。

Deviant views harm our will to practice, and "sever our path of cultivation". To counter this, our minds should truly merge with the dharma to fix the Leak. Only when Dharma exists can we truly eradicate deviant views.

所以要斷邪見，我們要有充分的智慧；假使邪見產生了，它會斷除我們的慧命。所以慧見或是邪見，這兩樣就是要看我們，堅持再哪一邊。我們若是在智慧很堅持，我們就能斷除邪見，邪見會斷我們的慧命，所以我們要很注意。

So to stop deviant views, we need to have sufficient wisdom. If deviant views appear, they harm our Wisdom-life. So whether we have wise or deviant views, depends on which side we are determined to uphold. If we are determined to uphold wisdom, we can eradicate deviant views. Deviant views can harm our Wisdom-life, too. Therefore, we have to be careful.

 

七漏之二「修漏」
指貪瞋癡等
乃修道所斷

The second Leak is Leak of Cultivation, which includes greed, anger, ignorance, etc. They are what we eliminate when cultivating.

我們若要斷貪、瞋、癡、慢疑就要很認真修我們的道業，不然有了漏，就算我們很想要修，但是已經要修又漏掉了。

To uproot greed, anger and ignorance, we should diligently cultivate the Way. Otherwise, once a Leak exists, although we really want to practice, the Dharma slips away.

所以我們修行的心要很堅定，要不然真的會讓貪、瞋、癡，蒙蓋了我們修道的心。所以我們若要斷貪、瞋、癡，就是要堅定的心好好修我們的道業；同樣也是相對的，修好道業才能斷除貪、瞋、癡。

So our cultivating minds must be very firm or they will be obscured by greed, anger and ignorance. If we wish to uproot greed, anger and ignorance we need unwavering minds to earnestly practice the Way. It works both ways by cultivating the Way, we can uproot greed, anger and ignorance.

 

七漏之三「根漏」
指依眼耳鼻舌等根
而生的煩惱
乃約諸根門
為能生諸煩惱之外緣而立

Third of the Seven Leaks is Leak of Root. It is the afflictions that arise through the sense organs of eyes, ears, nose, tongue, etc. The sense organs are the doors that allow afflictions to arise due to external conditions.

再來是「漏根」。漏根就是指我們的「眼、耳、鼻、舌、身」等等諸根，也能說是五根。我們因為五根緣著外面的境界，所以我們生起煩惱，所以這叫做根漏。

Next is Leak of Root. Leak of Root refers to our, eyes, ears, nose, tongue and body senses, our Five Roots. When the Five Roots connect with external states, afflictions arise. Thus, it is called Leak of Root.

再來說「乃約諸根門，為能生諸煩惱之外緣。」這就是因為我們有這些根門，我們眼根有眼門，你如果把眼根的門打開，看外面的境界就受外面的境界所誘引，我們的第六識就隨著眼根門跑到外面，緣那個境界，將外面的境界引進我們的心。

Also, "Roots are the doors that allow afflictions to rise from external conditions." This is because we possess these sense doors. Our eyes are the visual door. If you open the visual door and see external states, you will be lured by them. Our Sixth Consciousness connects to external states through the visual door and draws them into the mind.

所以這是一個根門，這個門就是「識」，由眼根面對外面而去感受、去緣著，所以我們就會生起漏的煩惱。

Thus, it is a sense door. This door is "consciousness", which perceives and connects with the outside world through the eyes. This gives rise to the afflictions of Leaks.

所以五根的煩惱，就是從根門引進來成為煩惱，這樣大家應該聽得懂，就是從我們的意識，去外面引進來，這叫做根門做外緣，而成立這五種煩惱是由我們的意識引進來的，所以這就是第三的「根漏」。

So the afflictions of the Five Roots, enter through the sense doors and become Leaks. Everyone should understand that we draw in afflictions from the outside through consciousness, the sense doors are our external connections; they form five afflictions when they are drawn in through our Mind-consciousness. This is the third Leak.

 

七漏之四「惡漏」
由一切惡象、惡王
惡知識、惡國等
惡事惡法而生的煩惱

The fourth of the Seven Leaks is Leak of Evil. It is the affliction caused by evil events and subjects such as evil elephants, evil kings, evil friends evil countries, etc.

再來，第四就是「惡漏」。惡就是一個境界。

The fourth is Leak of Evil. Evil is a perceptual state.

有福的人所住所受的依報都很有福，他的國土豐富，有好的國王或是好的統治者，能照顧人民，所住的地方豐衣足食，而且道德昌盛，有的人真的很有依報，就是生在這樣的地方。

People with merits have Circumstantial Rewards. The country they live in is prosperous with a good ruler who cares for his people. They live where there is ample clothing, food, and high moral standards. People with good karma are born in such places.

但是有的人出生的地方，環境就無法那麼好了，一切環境都很惡劣，比如一切惡象、或是惡王、或是惡知識、或是惡的國土等等，或是有很多惡事在我們身邊，或是因為有這種種種種的惡，很不如意，不好的環境不論是人為，或是群眾的見解都是偏差的等等…他就產生了惡法。

But some people are born in unfavorable places. All the conditions are very dreadful, such as evil elephants, evil kings, evil friends, evil countries, or evil occurrences around them. Because of the negative environment and all the surrounding evils, deviant views, etc., they develop evil ways.

所以惡法就會生起很多煩惱。因為有很多的環境因素，形成人內心的積怨，那種埋怨積壓之後，又沒有開導教育，所以就變成對自己、對社會、對家庭環境都沒有好事，所以這叫做惡漏。

Evil ways give rise to many afflictions. Because of numerous external factors, resentment accumulates in people's minds. With the accumulation of resentment and lack of education and guidance, they act negatively toward themselves, their society, and their family. Thus, it is called Leak of Evil.

 

七漏之五「親近漏」
指由親近衣服、飲食
房舍、醫藥等四事
而生的煩惱

Fifth of the Seven Leaks is Leak of Convenience. This affliction arises from being accustomed to the conveniences of clothing, food, housing and medicine.

第五就是「親近漏」。

The fifth is Leak of Convenience.

意即親近於衣、食、住、醫療等等…這四樣事。「衣、食、住、醫療」是我們人生不可缺少的。但是有的人穿衣服能取暖就好了；但是有的人，富有的人為了穿衣也很煩惱，沒得穿也很煩惱。過頭了每天衣櫥都是少一件衣服，天天為了要再多一件衣服的煩惱，要質料好要更好的煩惱。有的是風霜雪凍，就算凍死也沒有衣服穿，這也是煩惱。

Clothing, food, housing and medicine, are four indispensable items in our lives. Some people wear clothes to stay warm. However, the rich are afflicted over what to wear. Those with nothing to wear also worry. Some overdo it and feel they are always lacking another outfit. Everyday they worry about obtaining more clothes or getting better fabrics. In contrast, some suffer from the cold and have nothing to wear even as they freeze to death. This is also an affliction.

有也煩惱，無也煩惱，這就是在我們的身體，不可缺少的東西。

Possessing and not possessing create afflictions. Clothing is essential to our bodies.

飲食也是一樣，住宿也是一樣。

The same is true with food and housing.

高樓大廈，富麗堂皇，是不是能滿足，還不滿足；有的人躺在家裡，在地上沒有床，抬頭能看到滿天星，這樣雨來無法遮雨，風來無法遮風，這也是煩惱。

Are those living in luxurious mansions content? Many are not. In contrast, some sleep on the ground without beds. They live out in the open, without shelter to block rain and wind. This also creates afflictions.

醫藥也是煩惱，有了病若是缺醫藥，要怎麼辦？等等…這都是資生之具，這也是令人擔憂的事。

Medicine can also be worrisome when one is ill and lacks medical treatment. These four necessities are essential to life, but can also make people worry.

 

七漏之六「受漏」
指苦樂捨等三受
此三受能生貪瞋癡
故名為受漏

The sixth of the Seven Leaks is Leak of Sensation. The three sensations of pain, joy and equanimity, give rise to greed, anger and ignorance. This is called Leak of Sensation.

第六就是「受漏」。

The sixth is Leak of Sensation.

苦很苦，樂很快樂；樂極生悲，貪於快樂，再怎樣的境界，他都覺得不快樂，這種貪有時知道苦。看開點要捨但是捨不得，「樂」貪得太多太辛苦，也是捨不掉。

Suffering is painful and joy is blissful. Extreme joy gives rise to tragedy. Those who desire joy can never be joyful in any external environment. With greed, sometimes one feels pain and wishes to let go, but cannot do so. One desires too much joy and suffers from it, but still cannot let go.

所以有很多得失難捨，這都是漏，都是煩惱。這三受「能生貪瞋癡」，所以它叫做漏。

It is difficult to let go of all these attachments. These are Leaks or afflictions. The three sensation "leak to greed, anger and ignorance", so they are called Leaks.

 

七漏之七「念漏」
指邪念
邪念能生煩惱
故名念漏

The seventh of the Seven Leaks is Leak of Thought, or deviant thought. Deviant thought can give rise to afflictions. Thus, it is called Leak of Thought.

再來第七就是「念漏」，就是邪念。

Next is the seventh Leak, Leak of Thought, which is deviant thought.

邪念就和前面的邪見一樣的意思，邪念外面是以五根去緣外面的五塵，念就是經過根塵之後感受在心、念念不忘，這個心念，這就做邪見。不該得的他很想得到，所以得不到很煩惱。

Deviant thought is the same as the aforementioned deviant view. Deviant thoughts arise when the Five Roots connect with the external Five Sense Objects. Thoughts come when senses and objects connect and are felt in our minds. When one cannot stop thinking about something, such a mindset is deviant. People crave what they should not obtain and are afflicted when they cannot possess it. This is Leak of Sensation and Leak of thought.

煩惱生起的主因就是受和念，這之間的受漏和念漏，當我們感受外面種種的境界，放在我們內心；或是念念不忘在我們內心，所以如果有這種感受，以及念念不忘，這在我們內心這種感受，這就是我們要造罪的主因。

The main causes of afflictions are sensations and thoughts. We perceive various external states and keep them in our minds. If we have certain sensations and cannot stop thinking about them, it is the main cause of our wrongdoings.

「惡漏與親近漏，則為煩惱生起之內緣」。因為說過了很多惡劣的環境累積，這種壓迫，還有外面衣食住行等等，生活的境界讓我們的心貪無厭，貪瞋癡不斷生起，這叫做我們的內緣。

"Leak of Evil and Leak of Convenience are the internal causes of afflictions." We mentioned that poor environments, lead to the accumulation of stress. Also clothing, food, housing, transportation, etc. are external conditions that arouse our greed. Greed, anger and ignorance continuously arise; they are our internal conditions.

總而言之漏就是煩惱，這些煩惱無論是外面的境界，裡面的感受再爆發出來，所做出來的都是惡；這些惡就是來自於，法不在我們內心，所以才會累積很多的煩惱出來。

In brief, Leaks are afflictions. These afflictions arise from external states or internal sensations that lead to outbursts of evil conduct. This results from the lack of Dharma in our hearts. Thus more afflictions are accumulated.

所以大家要時時多用心。

So everyone, please always be mindful.