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Taiwan Stands up Mar 23rd 2000; 附阿扁總統2000, 2004年就職演說
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附當年2000年總統大選後,經濟學者雜誌發文的分析,慶賀政黨輪替:

Taiwan stands up

 

After his victory in the presidential election, Chen Shui-bian is offering an olive branch across the Taiwan Strait. China doesn’t know how to accept it

Print edition | Special

Mar 23rd 2000

| taipei and beijing

 

ON OCTOBER 1st 1949, as the last of the beaten troops of the Kuomintang (KMT) were fleeing for the island of Taiwan, Mao Zedong declared in Tiananmen Square that “China has stood up.” Now it is Taiwans turn. Last weeks election ushers in the first-ever democratic transfer of power on Chinese soil.

 

That is a bad enough example to Chinas Communist Party, which does not tolerate free expression. Worse, the Communists had been convincing themselves for months that the candidate of the pro-independence Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) could not possibly win. That he could and did, collecting 39% of the vote in a tight three-way race, has plainly stunned party bosses in Beijing.

 

Worst of all is the fate of the KMT, which was routed at the polls after 50 years of often ruthless rule in Taiwan. The KMT was a convenient enemy over the years for the Communists to have, because it never officially disputed the dream of eventual reunification of the “motherland”. The two sides also understood each other better than they let on: nearly 80 years ago, the Communists were merely an extreme wing within the KMT, and both were taught their Leninist methods of organisation by the Russians.

 

Last Saturday, though, the party crumbled. On March 22nd, it was announced that the outgoing president, Lee Teng-hui, would step down as party chairman within a few days. The partys collapse is so total that its survival is in doubt. The outcome of the election, then, has presented China with its biggest crisis in cross-strait relations in years. As the Taiwanese celebrated late into the night with fireworks and foghorns, Chinas aged leaders gathered for crisis meetings in a dark and sombre Beijing.

 

China considers Taiwan its own territory. “One country, two systems”, is the official formula offered by China for future reunification. To outsiders, the two places often seem like chalk and cheese: first-world Taiwan and third-world China, democracy and communism, David and Goliath. And after Chinas early disposition to rub along with Mr Lee, relations have soured dramatically in recent years. Unlike the old KMT leaders, who came from the mainland, Mr Lee had been born on the island, then a Japanese colony, and had never acquired a taste for reunification. By the late 1990s he was Chinas nemesis, “the criminal for centuries upon centuries”. Only one man, in Chinas eyes, was worse: Mr Chen, a loud advocate of Taiwans independence from China. Now he is the man the Chinese have to deal with.

The presidents agenda

 

Mr Chens campaign was based not only, or even mainly, on Taiwans relations with China. His slick electioneering concentrated on domestic issues, especially on cleaning up the “black gold” of corruption—that nexus of politics, business and gangsterism that gives Taiwan a bad name. His own integrity is not in question. Both he and his running-mate, Annette Lu, served time in KMT jails under martial law. His wife was crippled 14 years ago when KMT thugs ran a lorry over her three times.

 

The Chen campaign liked to compare its moral mission to that of Nelson Mandela in South Africa or Kim Dae Jung in South Korea: an overthrow of the old, authoritarian order in favour of democracy and human rights. In addition, Mr Chen is in many ways the very model of a modern social democrat. He is all for social contracts with the people, promising welfare for the old and poor and opportunity for the rest. He says he admires Tony Blairs search for a “Third Way”.

 

Many experts predicted that he would not be able to win with a party so set on the goal of Taiwanese independence—something that most Taiwanese either do not want, or think too dangerous. Mr Chen set out to prove the experts wrong. As mayor of Taipei between 1994 and 1998, he had shown a pragmatic streak. And under his influence, the DPP has retreated from its most strident pro-independence rhetoric.

 

On March 21st, the party even said it was thinking of striking from its charter the phrase that advocates establishing a “Republic of Taiwan” in favour of much less inflammatory language. As mayor of Taipei, Mr Chen made a point of saluting the flag of the Republic of China, which the retreating KMT brought to Taiwan from the mainland, although such an act is anathema to the “Formosan” cause.

 

Mr Chen has also retreated from his party. He says he will resign from his party posts. Cross-strait negotiations will be pursued only on the basis of wide consensus. He wants the heads of Taiwans security and defence establishments to stay on, as well as those responsible for the dialogue with China, such as it is. Mr Chen says that Taiwan will declare independence only if it is attacked by China. These are softer words than had previously been heard from him. In fact, he has some reason to be grateful to Chinas rulers. Three days before the election, Chinas prime minister, Zhu Rongji, tore into Mr Chen (though not by name) on television, threatening the Taiwanese with blood and thunder if they voted for him. That helped decide the undecided.

Controlling chaos

 

Mr Chen has two months before his inauguration, on May 20th, to form a coalition that can rule. His task is made immeasurably harder by the chaos of Taiwans party politics, and especially by the collapse of the KMT. Mr Lees resignation from the party chairmanship is no help. Had he stayed, he could have helped assuage the strife within the KMT and ensured that his party, which has a majority in the legislature, was more inclined to deal with Mr Chen. Although Mr Lee was eventually abrasive in his nationalism, and Mr Chen has grown quieter, they are not far apart in their attitudes to China, and they also reflect the views of most people in Taiwan.

 

Mr Lee had wanted to stay, above all, to stop James Soong and his supporters taking over the party. Mr Soong, a former secretary-general of the KMT, set himself up as an independent in defiance of his party and ran Mr Chen a close second in the election. Mr Lees second reason for staying was to oppose those (among them the mayor of Taipei, Ma Ying-jeou) who, he believes, would like the party to become more democratic too quickly. Democratisation might open a can of worms. The civil war for control of the KMT that will be played out over the next few weeks will also be a fight for control of its assets, worth over $10 billion.

 

Meanwhile, Mr Soong has formed a new party. His brainchild, provisionally called the New Taiwanese Party, is little more than a movement at present. It is not clear whether it will attempt to take control of the KMT, or set itself up as a rival. Meanwhile, the DPP itself is a bundle of squabbling factions, lacking a strong mandate and unable, on its own, to muster a majority in the legislature. Besides, the presidential vote was an endorsement of Mr Chen, not his party.

 

Mr Chen is begging a reluctant Lee Yuan-tseh, Taiwans only Nobel laureate and possibly the most respected figure on the island, to be his prime minister. Mr Lee (whose late endorsement of Mr Chen did much to secure his victory) will probably accept, and a cabinet of “national unity” will be formed. It will then have to seek a coalition in the legislature. Mr Chen will try to attract Mr Soongs supporters (some of whom are still in the KMT). He will do his best to avoid a KMT blocking majority. But if he succeeds, it means he will certainly have to backpedal on one of his election promises, to fight corruption. Until May 20th, therefore, and probably long afterwards, Taiwan will be plunged into political uncertainty.

 

When it comes to relations with China, however, the picture is much clearer. The three main election candidates were pretty much of one mind. In essence, they agreed that there should be closer economic ties, lower tensions and more communication with the mainland. At the same time, Chinas formula for unification, “one country, two systems”, is wholly unacceptable to the Taiwanese.

 

Strange though it may seem, Mr Chen may be the best man to ease cross-straits tensions. At home, his pro-Taiwan credentials are not in doubt. (Those of Mr Soong, on the other hand, are suspect, since he was born on the mainland.) Mr Lees policy, over recent years, amounted to a kind of pseudo-engagement with China at best, one that sorely tried patience on the mainland. Mr Chen seems to believe in real, and closer, economic engagement, as well as in more talk between the two sides.

 

The president-elect has expressed his desire to open the “three links”—direct communication by air, sea and postal services—which Mr Lee so long resisted. If this were done, it would eliminate Taiwans deliberate isolation from China, which outrages officials on the mainland. Taiwan is already so deeply involved in the Chinese economy—as both a foreign investor and a trading partner—that the leverage gained over China by withholding the three links is slight.

 

On March 21st, the KMT-controlled legislature took the first step, passing a law that allowed the three links between Fujian province and two tiny islands, Quemoy (Jinmen) and Matsu. By a quirk of history, these islands, though little more than a stones toss from the mainland, are controlled by Taiwan. It is a symbolic gesture, but a welcome one all the same. It may presage closer links to come.

The view from America

 

Far away in Washington, there are two distinct reactions to all this. The Clinton administration says it sees no reason to change the “one-China” policy that has guided Americas relations with China for nearly three decades. It is gratified by the conciliatory noises that are now coming out of Taipei. But Mr Chens election has also strengthened the hand of those Americans who want to see a closer alliance with Taiwan.

 

The congratulatory letter sent to Mr Chen by Jesse Helms, the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, pulled no punches. “Your election will serve as a wake-up call,” he wrote. “The people of Taiwan made clear this weekend that, if there is still ‘one China, there are without question two Chinese states. The time has come for the United States to adopt a China policy which recognises this undeniable truth.”

 

Mr Helms knows he has a crowd-pleaser here. It is one thing for America to link itself to Taiwan for foreign-policy reasons—as an early-defence mechanism against Chinese expansionism in East Asia, for example. It is another to support Taiwan as a democracy threatened by a dictatorship. This has a greater power to galvanise American public opinion, and would make a get-tough-with- China policy easier to sell to the voters.

 

Republicans are already using this argument to break the long-held one-China theology. The chief whip of the House of Representatives, Tom DeLay, dismisses the current stance as “appeasement”, and calls openly for a two-China policy. Mr Helms wants the administration to approve measures that would infuriate China, including the sale to Taiwan of a new generation of weapons. These are minority views even within the Republican Party. But on the campaign trail George W. Bush, the Republican candidate, has said that, as president, he would adopt a much tougher stance towards China; and both parties have hinted that, down the road, they might consider offering Taiwan an anti-ballistic missile defence system to protect it from Chinese missiles.

 

Critics of the one-China policy argue that the consolidation of democracy in Taiwan underlines the ambiguity on which the policy is based. The ambiguity is that no one is quite sure how America would react to a crisis in the Taiwan Strait (including, it often seems, the Americans themselves). It is usually argued that uncertainty prevents China from using force, and constrains Taiwan from declaring independence. This doctrine of vagueness became less ambiguous during the last crisis over the Taiwan Strait (triggered by Chinese missile exercises in 1995-96), when Americas Seventh Fleet turned up near Taiwan as a warning against Chinese aggression. Now Mr Chens election would appear, on the face of things, to make it even harder for the United States not to respond militarily to the appeals of an elected government with which America has close ties.

 

Critics also point out that attempts by the Clinton administration to tilt towards China over the past couple of years have actually increased cross-straits instability. Chinese bullying has been less constrained since Bill Clinton, visiting China in 1998, offered reassurances about its “one-China” policy. Last July Mr Lee, feeling that Taiwan was being coerced by America to bargain, restated the islands ambitions in a manner that incensed the mainland leaders: negotiations could occur, he said, only in a context of “special state-to-state” relations. Taiwans friends in Congress hope that, in future, the United States will have greater reason to acknowledge that Taiwans own views must form an important part of any solution.

 

It seems unlikely that congressional critics of China will do anything soon to destabilise an already tense stand-off. But there are two things they might do at some stage. First, they could pass the Taiwan Security Enhancement Act, a measure that would increase military co-operation with the island. This has already passed the House, but does not have majority support in the Senate. Second, they could reject the bill granting China permanent normal trading relations with the United States. If this happened, however, it would be more of an embarrassment to the administration than to China. China can get into the World Trade Organisation (its dearest ambition) in any case. A defeat of the bill would simply deny America the increased access it would like to the huge, but so far inhospitable, Chinese market.

 

There is some relief in Washington that American pressure on Taiwan to talk to China seems to have paid off. But is China ready to listen? For the moment, the politicians in Beijing appear paralysed with indecision. Mr Chens conciliatory offers—of direct trade, of talks, of exchanges, of visits—have given them little time to catch their breath.

Bafflement in Beijing

 

Academics in the capital admit that China does not know how to react. An order has gone out forbidding officials and military types to make public statements, for fear, presumably, that some of the more rabid views—or the more moderate ones—may get aired in the local press. Although anti-Taiwanese feeling has been whipped up for so long, applications from students in Beijing this week to march against Taiwans independence have been denied.

 

Tactically outmanoeuvred already by Mr Chen, the Communists in Beijing will probably sit tight and wait for what he lays on the table after his inauguration, the better to test his “sincerity”. Then the troubles begin again. This week President Jiang Zemin affirmed that Taiwan was welcome to resume talks, but only under the “one-China” principle. Taiwan, in other words, has to acknowledge the diplomatic charade that pretends China has not been split into two states since 1949. To Taiwan, this is a near-insurmountable obstacle. The strong consensus in Taiwan—likely to be defended by Mr Chen as much as it was by Mr Lee—is that the island cannot enter negotiations on the understanding, as China insists, that it is a mere province of China. Cross-strait relations have to be normalised first. That means mutual recognition of each states jurisdiction, even if not of its sovereignty.

 

So, fairly quickly, matters could move back to square one. China, meanwhile, has been increasing the pressure. A government “white paper”, published in January, added a new condition to the existing ones which, in Chinese eyes, justify military action: Taiwanese foot-dragging about reunification. In effect, China is now arguing that it is justified in using force at any time. That was a clear nod to Chinas military hawks, who have also just had their military budget increased.

 

But what of the military balance? At present, China would probably get a sound thrashing in an all-out assault. Taiwan has 376,000 highly trained troops, 150 F-16 fighters, dozens of so-called Indigenous Defence Fighters and French Mirage jets. Its navy is much more modern than Chinas; if China planned to invade Taiwan at present, it would have to use fishing boats. It could, of course, mount an effective economic blockade of Taiwan with just a few submarines patrolling in the Strait. But it has only 80,000 troops in Fujian province, facing Taiwan, and at present there are few signs of military activity, there or anywhere else.

 

The balance will shift over the coming years as China builds up its missile forces (adding 50 a year to the 200 at present aimed at Taiwan). It has also shopped for Russian SU-30 warplanes and two Russian destroyers, and claims it is ready to fight a “holy war at any time. If it does, the Taiwanese may prove pretty determined resisters; and, in an exchange of missiles, they could hurt the booming cities of the eastern seaboard. But Chinas vulnerability is not something ordinary mainlanders are aware of. “Sooner or later”, many say, the issue must be resolved. People this week came down emphatically for sooner. One nice old man in Beijing, the owner of a bicycle shop, said: “Of course we should attack...And even if we have tens of millions killed, well always have tens of millions more.” His bravado flagged a bit, though, as he talked himself through the implications of war with the other Republic of China. Cucumbers might end up costing 4-5 yuan (50 cents) a pound.

台灣站起來——迎接向上提升的新時代

中華民國第十任總統就職演說

總統陳水扁

2000520   

 

各位友邦元首、各位貴賓、各位親愛的海內外同胞:

 

  這是一個光榮的時刻,也是一個莊嚴而充滿希望的時刻。

 

  感謝遠道而來的各位嘉賓,以及全世界熱愛民主、關心台灣的朋友,與我們一起分享此刻的榮耀。

 

  我們今天在這裡,不只是為了慶祝一個就職典禮,而是為了見證得來不易的民主價值,見證一個新時代的開始。

 

  在二十一世紀來臨的前夕,台灣人民用民主的選票完成了歷史性的政黨輪替。這不僅是中華民國歷史上的第一次,更是全球華人社會劃時代的里程碑。台灣不只為亞洲的民主經驗樹立了新典範,也為全世界第三波的民主潮流增添了一個感人的例證。

 

  中華民國第十任總統選舉的過程讓全世界清楚的看到,自由民主的果實如此得來不易。兩千三百萬人民以無比堅定的意志,用愛弭平敵意、以希望克服威脅、用信心戰勝了恐懼。

 

  我們用神聖的選票向全世界證明,自由民主是顛撲不滅的普世價值,追求和平更是人類理性的最高目標。

 

  公元2000年台灣總統大選的結果,不是個人的勝利或政黨的勝利,而是人民的勝利、民主的勝利。因為,我們在舉世注目的焦點中,一起超越了恐懼、威脅和壓迫,勇敢的站起來!

 

  台灣站起來,展現著理性的堅持和民主的信仰。

 

  台灣站起來,代表著人民的自信和國家的尊嚴。

 

  台灣站起來,象徵著希望的追求和夢想的實現。

 

  親愛的同胞,讓我們永遠記得這一刻,永遠記得珍惜和感恩,因為民主的成果並非憑空而來,而是走過艱難險阻、歷經千辛萬苦才得以實現。如果沒有民主前輩們前仆後繼的無畏犧牲、沒有千萬人民對於自由民主的堅定信仰,我們今天就不可能站在自己親愛的土地上,慶祝這一個屬於全民的光榮盛典。

 

  今天,我們彷彿站在一座嶄新的歷史門前。台灣人民透過民主錘鍊的過程,為我們共同的命運打造了一把全新的鑰匙。新世紀的希望之門即將開啟。我們如此謙卑,但絕不退縮。我們充滿自信,但沒有絲毫自滿。

 

  從三月十八日選舉結果揭曉的那一刻開始,阿扁以最嚴肅而謙卑的心情接受全民的付託,誓言必將竭盡個人的心力、智慧和勇氣,來承擔國家未來的重責大任。

 

  個人深切的瞭解,政黨輪替、政權和平轉移的意義絕對不只是「換人換黨」的人事更替,更不是「改朝換代」的權力轉移,而是透過民主的程序,把國家和政府的權力交還給人民。人民才是國家真正的主人,不是任何個人或政黨所能佔有;政府是為人民而存在的,從國家元首到基層公務員都是全民的公僕。

 

  政黨輪替並不代表對於過去的全盤否定。歷來的執政者為國家人民的付出,我們都應該給予公正的評價。李登輝先生過去十二年主政期間所推動的民主改革與卓越政績,也應該獲得國人最高的推崇與衷心的感念。

 

  在選舉的過程中,台灣社會高度動員、積極參與,儘管有不同的主張和立場,但是每一個人為了政治理念和國家前途挺身而出的初衷是一樣的。我們相信,選舉的結束是和解的開始,激情落幕之後應該是理性的抬頭。在國家利益與人民福祉的最高原則之下,未來不論是執政者或在野者,都應該能不負人民的付託、善盡本身的職責,實現政黨政治公平競爭、民主政治監督制衡的理想。

 

  一個公平競爭、包容信任的民主社會,是國家進步的最大動能。在國家利益高於政黨利益的基礎之上,我們應該凝聚全民的意志與朝野的共識,著手推動國家的進步改革。

 

  「全民政府、清流共治」是阿扁在選舉期間對人民的承諾,也是台灣社會未來要跨越斷層、向上提升的重要關鍵。

 

  「全民政府」的精神在於「政府是為人民而存在的」,人民是國家的主人和股東,政府的施政必須以多數的民意為依歸。人民的利益絕對高於政黨的利益和個人的利益。

 

  阿扁永遠以身為民主進步黨的黨員為榮,但是從宣誓就職的這一刻開始,個人將以全部的心力做好「全民總統」的角色。正如同全民新政府的組成,我們用人唯才、不分族群、不分性別、不分黨派,未來的各項施政也都必須以全民的福祉為目標。

 

  「清流共治」的首要目標是要掃除黑金、杜絕賄選。長期以來,台灣社會黑白不分、黑道金權介入政治的情況已經遭致台灣人民的深惡痛絕。基層選舉買票賄選的文化,不僅剝奪了人民「選賢與能、當家作主」的權利,更讓台灣的民主發展蒙上污名。

 

  今天,阿扁願意在此承諾,新政府將以最大的決心來消除賄選、打擊黑金,讓台灣社會徹底擺脫向下沈淪的力量,讓清流共治向上提升,還給人民一個清明的政治環境。

 

  在活力政府的改造方面,面對日益激烈的全球化競爭,為了確保台灣的競爭力,我們必須建立一個廉潔、效能、有遠見、有活力、有高度彈性和應變力的新政府。「大有為」政府的時代已經過去,取而代之的應該是與民間建立夥伴關係的「小而能」政府。我們應該加速精簡政府的職能與組織,積極擴大民間扮演的角色。如此不僅可以讓民間的活力盡情發揮,也能大幅減輕政府的負擔。

 

  同樣的夥伴關係也應該建立在中央與地方政府之間。我們要打破過去中央集權又集錢的威權心態,落實「地方能做、中央不做」的地方自治精神,讓地方與中央政府一起共享資源、一起承擔責任。無論東西南北、不分本島離島,都能夠獲得均衡多元的發展,拉近城鄉之間的距離。

 

  當然,我們也應該瞭解,政府不是一切問題的答案,人民才是經濟發展與社會進步的原動力。過去半個世紀以來,台灣人民靠著胼手胝足的努力創造了舉世稱羨的經濟奇蹟,也奠定了中華民國生存發展的命脈。如今,面對資訊科技日新月異以及貿易自由化的衝擊,台灣的產業發展必然要走向知識經濟的時代,高科技的產業必須不斷創新,傳統的產業也必然要轉型升級。

 

  未來的政府並不一定要繼續扮演過去「領導者」和「管理者」的角色,反而應該像民間企業所期待的,政府是「支援者」和「服務者」。現代政府的責任在於提高行政的效能、改善國內的投資環境、維持金融秩序與股市的穩定,讓經濟的發展透過公平的競爭走向完全的自由化和國際化。循此原則,民間的活力自然能夠蓬勃興盛,再創下一個階段的經濟奇蹟。

 

  除了鞏固民主的成果、推動政府的改造、提昇經濟的競爭力之外,新政府的首要施政目標應該是順應民意、厲行改革,讓這一塊土地上的人民生活得更有尊嚴、更有自信、更有品質。讓我們的社會不僅安全、和諧、富裕,也要符合公平正義。讓我們的下一代在充滿希望與快樂的教育環境中學習,培養國民不斷成長的競爭力。

 

  二十一世紀將是強調「生活者權利」、「精緻化生活」的時代。舉凡與人民生活息息相關的治安改善、社會福利、環保生態、國土規劃、垃圾處理、河川整治、交通整頓、社區營造等問題,政府都必須提出一套解決方案,並透過公權力徹底加以落實。

 

  當前我們必須立即提昇的是治安改善與環境保護這兩大生活品質的重要指標。建立社會新秩序,讓所有的老百姓都能安居樂業,生活沒有恐懼。在生態保育與經濟發展之間取得相容的平衡點,讓台灣成為永續發展的綠色矽島。

 

  司法的尊嚴是民主政治與社會正義的堅強防線。一個公正、獨立的司法體系不僅是社會秩序的維護者,也是人民權益的捍衛者。目前司法的改革還有一段很長的路要走,國人必須繼續給予司法界嚴格的督促與殷切的期盼,在此同時,我們也應該節制行政權力,還給司法獨立運作、不受干擾的空間。

 

  台灣最重要的資源是人力的資源,人才是國家競爭力的根本,教育是「藏富於民」的百年大計。我們將儘速凝聚朝野、學界與民間的共識,持續推動教改的希望工程,建立健康、積極、活潑、創新的教育體制,使台灣在激烈的國際競爭力之下,源源不斷地培育一流、優秀的人才。讓台灣社會逐漸走向「學習型組織」和「知識型社會」,鼓舞人民終身學習、求新求變,充分發揮個人的潛力與創造力。

 

  目前在全國各地普遍發展的草根性社區組織,包括對地方歷史、人文、地理、生態的探索和維護,展現了人文台灣由下而上的民間活力。不管是地方文化、庶民文化或者精緻文化,都是台灣文化整體的一部份。台灣因為特殊的歷史與地理緣故,蘊含了最豐美多樣的文化元素,但是文化建設無法一蹴可幾,而是要靠一點一滴的累積。我們必須敞開心胸、包容尊重,讓多元族群與不同地域的文化相互感通,讓立足台灣的本土文化與華人文化、世界文化自然接軌,創造「文化台灣、世紀維新」的新格局。

 

  去年發生的九二一大地震,讓我們心愛的土地和同胞歷經前所未有的浩劫,傷痛之深至今未能癒合。新政府對於災區的重建工作刻不容緩,包括產業的復甦和心靈的重建,必須做到最後一人的照顧、最後一處的重建完成為止。在此,我們也要對於災後救援與重建過程中,充滿大愛、無私奉獻的所有個人與民間團體,再次表達最高的敬意。在大自然的惡力中,我們看到了台灣最美的慈悲、最強的信念、最大的信任!九二一震災讓同胞受傷跌倒,但是在「志工台灣」的精神中,台灣新家庭一定會重新堅強的站起來!

 

  親愛的同胞,四百年前,台灣因為璀麗的山川風貌被世人稱為「福爾摩沙——美麗之島」。今天,因為這一塊土地上的人民所締造的歷史新頁,台灣重新展現了「民主之島」的風采,再次吸引了全世界的目光。

 

  我們相信,以今日的民主成就加上科技經貿的實力,中華民國一定可以繼續在國際社會中扮演不可或缺的角色。除了持續加強與友邦的實質外交關係之外,我們更要積極參與各種非政府的國際組織。透過人道關懷、經貿合作與文化交流等各種方式,積極參與國際事務,擴大台灣在國際的生存空間,並且回饋國際社會。

 

  除此之外,我們也願意承諾對於國際人權的維護做出更積極的貢獻。中華民國不能也不會自外於世界人權的潮流,我們將遵守包括「世界人權宣言」、「公民與政治權利國際公約」以及維也納世界人權會議的宣言和行動綱領,將中華民國重新納入國際人權體系。

 

  新政府將敦請立法院通過批准「國際人權法典」,使其國內法化,成為正式的「台灣人權法典」。我們希望實現聯合國長期所推動的主張,在台灣設立獨立運作的國家人權委員會,並且邀請國際法律人委員會和國際特赦組織這兩個卓越的非政府人權組織,協助我們落實各項人權保護的措施,讓中華民國成為二十一世紀人權的新指標。

 

  我們堅信,不管在任何一個時代、在地球的任何一個角落,自由、民主、人權的意義和價值都不能被漠視或改變。

 

  二十世紀的歷史留給人類一個最大的教訓,那就是——戰爭是人類的失敗。不論目的何在、理由多麼冠冕堂皇,戰爭都是對自由、民主、人權最大的傷害。

 

  過去一百多年來,中國曾經遭受帝國主義的侵略,留下難以抹滅的歷史傷痕。台灣的命運更加坎坷,曾經先後受到強權的欺凌和殖民政權的統治。如此相同的歷史遭遇,理應為兩岸人民之間的相互諒解,為共同追求自由、民主、人權的決心,奠下厚實的基礎。然而,因為長期的隔離,使得雙方發展出截然不同的政治制度和生活方式,從此阻斷了兩岸人民以同理心互相對待的情誼,甚至因為隔離而造成了對立的圍牆。

 

  如今,冷戰已經結束,該是兩岸拋棄舊時代所遺留下來的敵意與對立的時候了。我們無須再等待,因為此刻就是兩岸共創和解時代的新契機。

 

  海峽兩岸人民源自於相同的血緣、文化和歷史背景,我們相信雙方的領導人一定有足夠的智慧與創意,秉持民主對等的原則,在既有的基礎之上,以善意營造合作的條件,共同來處理未來「一個中國」的問題。

 

  本人深切瞭解,身為民選的中華民國第十任總統,自當恪遵憲法,維護國家的主權、尊嚴與安全,確保全體國民的福祉。因此,只要中共無意對台動武,本人保證在任期之內,不會宣佈獨立,不會更改國號,不會推動兩國論入憲,不會推動改變現狀的統獨公投,也沒有廢除國統綱領與國統會的問題。

 

  歷史證明,戰爭只會引來更多的仇恨與敵意,絲毫無助於彼此關係的發展。中國人強調王霸之分,相信行仁政必能使「近者悅、遠者來」、「遠人不服,則修文德以來之」的道理。這些中國人的智慧,即使到了下一個世紀,仍然是放諸四海皆準的至理名言。

 

  大陸在鄧小平先生與江澤民先生的領導下,創造了經濟開放的奇蹟;而台灣在半個世紀以來,不僅創造了經濟奇蹟,也締造了民主的政治奇蹟。在此基礎上,兩岸的政府與人民若能多多交流,秉持「善意和解、積極合作、永久和平」的原則,尊重人民自由意志的選擇,排除不必要的種種障礙,海峽兩岸必能為亞太地區的繁榮與穩定做出重大的貢獻,也必將為全體人類創造更輝煌的東方文明。

 

  親愛的同胞,我們多麼希望海內外的華人都能親身體驗、共同分享這一刻的動人情景。眼前開闊的凱達格蘭大道,數年之前仍然戒備森嚴;在我身後的這棟建築,曾經是殖民時代的總督府。今天,我們齊聚在這裡,用土地的樂章和人民的聲音來歌頌民主的光榮喜悅。如果用心體會,海內外同胞應該都能領悟這一刻所代表的深遠意義——

 

  威權和武力只能讓人一時屈服,民主自由才是永垂不朽的價值。

 

  唯有服膺人民的意志,才能開拓歷史的道路、打造不朽的建築。

 

  今天,阿扁以一個佃農之子、貧寒的出身,能夠在這一塊土地上奮鬥成長,歷經挫折與考驗,終於贏得人民的信賴,承擔起領導國家的重責大任。個人的成就如此卑微,但其中隱含的寓意卻彌足可貴。因為,每一位福爾摩沙的子民都和阿扁一樣,都是「台灣之子」。不論在多麼艱困的環境中,台灣都像至愛無私的母親,從不間斷的賜予我們機會,帶領我們實現美好的夢想。

 

  台灣之子的精神啟示著我們:儘管台澎金馬只是太平洋邊的蕞爾小島,只要兩千三百萬同胞不畏艱難、攜手向前,我們夢想的地圖將會無限遠大,一直延伸到地平線的盡頭。

 

  親愛的同胞,這一刻的光榮屬於全體人民,所有的恩典都要歸於台灣——我們永遠的母親。讓我們一起對土地感恩、向人民致敬。自由民主萬歲!

 

  台灣人民萬歲!

 

  敬祝中華民國國運昌隆!全國同胞和各位嘉賓健康愉快!

 

為永續台灣奠基

中華民國第十一任總統就職演說

總統陳水扁

2004520      

 

總統府公報第6578號第39

本作品收錄於:《總統府公報 (民國93526)

 

各位友邦元首、使節及代表團、各位貴賓 、親愛的國人同胞:

 

  感謝來自海內外的各位貴賓,共同參與中華民國第十一任總統、副總統的就職大典。今天我們在這裡所見證的,是台灣民主前進的腳步,也是兩千三百萬人民共同寫下的一個難能可貴的故事。

 

  在此歡欣的國家慶典中,個人承受人民所賦予的莊嚴使命。此時此刻,在我的心中與腦海浮現的並不是華麗的讚詞,而是更大的責任、更多的謙卑、更深的省思。

 

  在二十世紀的最後一年,台灣跨越了首次政黨輪替的歷史門檻,邁向民主發展的新里程。隨著新舊世紀的交替,我們同時走過一段崎嶇艱難的民主道路。在世紀首航的驚濤駭浪之中,舊有與新生並存、脆弱與堅強共生、危機與轉機同在。

 

  對於華人社會以及其他的新興民主國家而言,台灣的民主不僅是一個試煉、也是一個示範。西方的民主政治經過千錘百鍊才有今日的水準,身為年輕的民主國家,歷經挫折磨練的台灣經驗更顯得彌足珍貴。台灣的經驗證明:民主不是坐享其成的烏托邦,也沒有一步到位的直達車,必須一點一滴的耕耘,才有一步一腳印的前進。

 

  在第一波的民主化過程當中,從解除戒嚴、國會全面改選到總統直接民選,我們確立了主權在民的價值觀以及台灣的主體性。第二波的民主工程,重點在於公民社會的建立以及國家共同體的再造。

 

  從社區公民意識的形成,到國家公共政策的參與,包括公民投票的實踐,都是公民社會權利義務的確認和提升,也促使我們發展更成熟、理性、負責的民主內涵。透過公民社會的建立,經由偕同參與、集體創造的土地認同與共同記憶,才能超越族群、血緣、語言、文化的侷限,邁向一個新的國家共同體的重建。

 

  當前的台灣社會確實存在認同與族群的嚴肅課題,我們不需要掩飾,更不能夠漠視。身為執政者,包括阿扁個人和民主進步黨,都願意率先反省、坦誠面對,並且尋求有效的化解。

 

  回想數百年前,我們的祖先跨越黑水溝,渡海來台尋找安身立命的所在。不論先來後到,儘管來自不同的地方,使用不同的語言,甚至懷抱不同的理想,最後都在這裡落地生根,彼此命運相同、休戚與共。不管是原住民、新住民、旅居海外的僑胞、注入新血的外籍配偶,包括在相同的太陽底下辛勤流汗的外籍勞工,都對這一塊土地有不可抹滅的奉獻,也都是台灣新家庭不可或缺的一部份。

 

  不同的族群或許因為歷史記憶與民族情感而有認同的差異,但是彼此應該相互包容、用心理解。在過去威權戒嚴的時代,曾經存在族群地位的不平等和語言文化的壓抑,但是我們必須認知的是,除了極少數的當權者之外,所有的族群都是相同的受害者。在二二八事件和白色恐怖當中,受難者同時包括本省籍和外省籍,其成因要歸咎於當權者權力的濫用,而非族群的壓迫。

 

  台灣是一個多數移民的社會,不是少數殖民統治的國家,沒有任何一個族群應該背負莫須有的歷史包袱。在今日的台灣,不管你出生在廣東或者台東,不管我們的母親來自越南或者台南,每一個人都擁有同樣的地位和尊嚴。阿扁認為,不管是認同台灣或者認同中華民國,其實都是相同的歸屬。「族群多元、國家一體」是台灣這一塊土地上最美好完整的圖像,沒有本土和外來之分,也沒有少數和多數之別,兩千三百萬台灣人民應該是一個命運相同、榮辱與共的整數。

 

  這一次的總統大選空前的激烈,選舉結果揭曉之後,在野黨的候選人提出了質疑和訴訟。身為現任的總統,阿扁以最大的誠意表達完全尊重司法的獨立公正,不論結果如何,個人絕對願意坦然接受。阿扁相信,遵循法治、信任司法是解決爭端唯一的路,如果因為一次的選舉而推翻了人民對民主法治與司法獨立的信任,最後只會導致全民皆輸的結果。

 

  今天的下雨來得正是時候,讓我們的激情降溫,讓我們冷靜下來,也讓我們頭腦更加清楚。

 

  民主政治定期選舉的設計,除了實踐主權在民的原理之外,也是人民意向與社會價值的具體檢視。激烈的競爭,可以對政治人物有最直接的檢驗和啟示。包括阿扁個人以及執政的團隊,都在這次的選舉當中接受最嚴格的考驗,並且因此而反省改進。不同的陣營之間,難免有理念的差異、政策的辯論,甚至民眾的動員,但是,民主選舉的結果,不是成王敗寇的結局,更不應該演變為民眾之間的對立。政黨政治監督制衡的設計,乃是民主健全的根基。負責的執政黨以及忠誠的反對黨,都代表國民意志的一部分,也都是國家人民的政治資產。不管扮演執政或者在野的角色,都是人民所賜與的一個機會,也是一個責任。

 

  個人認為,此次選舉最終的考驗,已經不是跨越多數門檻的問題,而是朝野全民如何跨過對立的圍牆、如何超越信任的鴻溝。不能夠因為選票的距離拉近,而使得社會的矛盾擴大。縱使無法消弭於一時,個人仍將繼續秉持「傾聽、理解、法理、團結」的用心,弭平選舉的對立、重建朝野的信任。

 

  團結台灣、穩定兩岸、安定社會、繁榮經濟,這些都是當前人民殷切的期待,也是政府未來施政的首要。其中任何一項,都不是一人、一黨所能獨力完成,所以我要懇請在野政黨以及社會輿論共同支持鞭策,更要祈求人民賜給阿扁力量。

 

  相信台灣,必須持續創造國家的競爭力,打造一個人文關懷、生態環保的永續家園。堅持改革,是要讓政治、司法、教育、金融、財政、媒體及社會的改革,回應人民長久的期待。相信就有力量,堅持才能實現理想。現在付出的一切努力,是要讓我們的下一代生活在一個符合社會正義、經濟正義、司法正義、性別正義、以及國際正義的公義新台灣。

 

  當前,台灣面對全面、激烈、快速的國際競爭,如何凝聚全民的力量,進一步提升政府的效能已經是攸關國家發展的當務之急。但是,由於特殊的國情以及歷史的因素,使得政府效能的改造,立即面臨憲政體制的難題。

 

  憲法是國家的根本大法,也是政府與人民的契約書。我國憲法囿於當初制訂的時空背景,絕大多數的條文早已不符台灣當前及未來所需。推動憲政改造的工程,重建憲政秩序,不僅是人民的期望,也已經獲得朝野政黨的共識。

 

  憲政改造的工程是為了政府的良好管理及效能的提升、為了確立民主法治的根基,更是為了國家的長治久安。其中,立即而明顯的問題包括:三權分立或五權憲法、總統制或內閣制、總統選制為相對多數或絕對多數、國會改革及相關的配套條文、國民大會的定位與存廢、省政府組織的存廢、投票年齡的降低、兵役制度的調整、基本人權與弱勢權益的保障、國民經濟條款……等,可以說是工程浩大、影響至深。

 

  為了避免重蹈過去十年內六次修憲的覆轍,憲政改造的工程不應該由一人或一黨主導,更不能只著眼於一時之便。未來,我們將邀請朝野政黨、法界、學界及各領域階層的代表,共同籌組憲政改造委員會,針對憲政改造的範圍及程序尋求社會最大的共識,並且接受人民及輿論的監督。

 

  在2008年阿扁卸任總統之前,能夠交給台灣人民及我們的國家一部合時、合身、合用的新憲法,這是阿扁對歷史的責任,也是對人民的承諾。基於相同的責任與承諾,阿扁也深切瞭解,涉及國家主權、領土及統獨的議題,目前在台灣社會尚未形成絕大多數的共識,所以個人明確的建議這些議題不宜在此次憲改的範圍之內。至於首次憲改的程序,我們仍將依循現行憲法及增修條文的規定,經由國會通過之後,選出第一屆也是最後一屆的任務型國代,同時完成憲政改造、廢除國大、以及公投入憲,為民主憲政長遠的發展及未來人民公投複決國會憲改提案奠定開闊的基石。

 

  過去四年,全球政經情勢產生明顯的變化,台灣面對國際新秩序的變動,除了必須自我提升、站穩腳步之外,在全球化的競爭與國際的合作之間,也必須尋求新的立足點。

 

  長久以來,台灣與美、日及許多國際友邦的友誼基礎,不僅在於維護共同的利益,更重要的是建立在自由、民主、人權與和平的「價值同盟」關係。

 

  台灣的民主發展與台海的和平穩定,一直備受國際關注。對於這些天涯若比鄰的友誼,個人要代表我國政府及人民再一次表達由衷的感謝。台灣人民愛好和平,我們絕對比任何人更關心自己的國家安全,面對海峽對岸持續增加的武力威脅,朝野全民應該凝聚堅強的國防意識,積極強化有效的防備,提升自我防衛的能力,也盼望國際社會繼續關注並協助維護台海的和平與亞太地區的穩定。

 

  在此,阿扁號召大家、朝野全民以熱烈的掌聲感謝國際友邦的友誼及真情。

 

  台灣願意持續以積極奉獻的角色參與國際社會,這是兩千三百萬人民應有的權利,也是我們做為世界公民的義務。在全球反恐的浪潮以及國際人道援助的行列中,台灣一直沒有缺席。過去這幾年,我們籌設民主太平洋聯盟、成立民主基金會,積極參與國際非政府組織,與地球村的其他成員共同分享並維護自由、民主、人權的普世價值。

 

  台灣目前是世界第十五大貿易國,各項國際競爭力的評比都名列前茅,我們仍然經過十二年的努力,才得以成為世界貿易組織的第144個會員國,其中的艱辛不可言喻。如今,我們仍在鍥而不捨的努力加入世界衛生組織。去年SARS疫情蔓延的殷鑑不遠,基於醫療、衛生、防疫無國界以及基本人權的普世價值,台灣理應獲得更公平的對待。

 

  在此,阿扁呼籲大家,我們更應團結同心,繼續努力,希望在未來兩年之內完成加入世界衛生組織的心願。

 

  不久之前,歐洲聯盟熱烈的慶祝十個新會員國的加入。歐盟經過數十年的努力,在尊重個別國家及其人民自由意志的選擇之下,成功整合了歐洲人民共同利益的寶貴經驗,對於新世紀的全球局勢產生巨大的影響和衝擊。區域整合不僅是當前、也是未來的趨勢。這種區域整合加上全球化的發展,使得人類社會原有的國家主權原理,乃至於國界的藩籬,都產生結構性的變化。世界大同已經不是遙不可及的夢想。

 

  海峽兩岸新世紀的領導人,為了創造人民最大的福祉,應該都能前瞻這個新趨勢,並且以全新的思維和格局,共同來面對和處理兩岸未來的問題。

 

  兩岸人民曾經擁有共同的血緣、文化和歷史背景,過去一個世紀以來也都遭逢強權的欺凌和專制的統治。如今,兩岸人民都有站起來當家作主的堅強意願,這一點應該能夠獲得彼此充分的理解。

 

  我們可以體會海峽對岸源於歷史情結與民族情感,無法放棄對於「一個中國原則」的堅持。相對的,北京當局也應該要充分瞭解,台灣人民要民主、愛和平、求生存、求發展的堅定信念。如果對岸不能夠體會兩千三百萬人民單純良善的心願,繼續對台灣施加武力的威脅和政治的孤立,無理的將台灣阻絕於國際社會之外,只會讓台灣的民心和海峽的對岸越離越遠。

 

  中華民國在台澎金馬存在、台灣在國際社會存在的事實,不容許任何人以任何理由加以否定,這就是台灣人民集體意志之所在。過去半個世紀以來,兩千三百萬人民胼手胝足所創造的台灣經驗,不僅印證了中華民國存在的正面價值,也應該是華人社會及兩岸人民的共同資產。

 

  歷史的緣故讓兩岸發展出相當不同的政治制度和生活方式,但是如果以積極的態度來看待兩岸發展的「異」與「同」,應該可以善加利用,走向進一步合作互惠的關係。台灣是一個完全自由民主的社會,沒有任何個人或政黨可以代替人民做出最後的選擇。如果兩岸之間能夠本於善意,共同營造一個「和平發展、自由選擇」的環境,未來中華民國與中華人民共和國或者台灣與中國之間,將發展任何形式的關係,只要兩千三百萬台灣人民同意,我們都不排除。

 

  過去十幾年兩岸人民的互動交流,已經發展出極為密切的關係,對於兩岸關係的進展具有重要的價值與意義。未來,我們希望在既有的基礎之上,持續放寬並且擴大兩岸新聞、資訊、教育、文化、經貿交流的相關措施,推動兩岸恢復對話與溝通的管道,如此才能拉近彼此的距離,建立互信的基礎。

 

  二十一世紀的前二十年,不僅是台灣要全面向上提升的關鍵轉型期,也是中國大陸邁向民主化及自由化的機遇期,雙方的政府理應掌握機會全力打拼,放眼於全球競爭的趨勢,不要再虛耗於政治爭辯的僵局。我們已經注意到,中共的領導人近來一再強調穩定發展的重要,強調十三億大陸人民的福祉,並且選擇「和平崛起」做為拓展國際關係的基調。我們也相信,北京當局應該認知維持台海和平的現狀,對於兩岸各自的發展以及亞太區域穩定的重要性。

 

  個人深信,唯有兩岸致力於建設與發展,協商建立一個動態的和平穩定互動架構,共同確保台海的現狀不被片面改變,並且進一步推動包括三通在內的文化經貿往來,才能符合兩岸人民的福祉與國際社會的期待。

 

  身為中華民國的總統,接受台灣人民的付託,個人必須捍衛國家的主權、安全與尊嚴,兼顧國家的永續發展及台海的和平穩定,匯聚全民的意志和共識,妥善處理兩岸未來的關係。今天,個人願意在此重申,公元2000520就職演說所揭櫫的原則和承諾,過去四年沒有改變,未來四年也不會改變。在此基礎之上,阿扁將進一步邀集朝野政黨及社會各界共同參與,成立「兩岸和平發展委員會」,凝聚朝野的智慧與全民的共識,擬定「兩岸和平發展綱領」,共同策進兩岸和平穩定、永續發展的新關係。

 

  各位貴賓、親愛的國人同胞,攤開世界地圖來看,台澎金馬只是太平洋邊的幾個小島,但是如果仔細檢視這些島嶼上美麗的山河、多元的族群、多樣的生態,細數兩千三百萬人民過去幾個世紀所寫下的政治、經濟、文化篇章,你會發現猶如進入一部精彩豐富的百科全書。海洋國家的包容,世界島的開闊,讓這一塊土地上的子民,視野和胸懷隨著地平線無限的延伸。

 

  台灣的故事所以動人,不是因為天生麗質,而是歷經挫折砥礪、苦難錘鍊之後,所蘊含散發的光彩。這就是「台灣精神」,從我們的祖先一直流傳到我們每一個人的身上。

 

  如今,歷史的火炬再一次交到阿扁的手上,也握在每一位國人同胞的手中。未來四年,阿扁自我期許能夠做到講誠信、存慈悲、大公無私、中道治國,更希望國人同胞給我支持、給我鞭策。

 

  阿扁是一個平凡的人,我一直相信,沒有偉大的總統,只有偉大的人民可以成就偉大的國家。援引人民的力量,為民主永續、改革永續、人文永續、和平永續的國家發展奠基,讓台灣中華民國邁向團結和諧、公平正義、富足均衡、生生不息,這是歷史賦予阿扁的責任,也是人民交付的使命。

 

  今年的228,上百萬的民眾站在福爾摩沙這一塊土地上,不分族群、年齡、性別,手牽著手,築成一座長達五百公里的民主長城,完成一幅最美的台灣圖像。台灣不但要站起來,還要勇敢的走出去,在世界地圖上永續發展、屹立不搖。

 

  親愛的國人同胞,讓我們一起對土地感恩、向人民致敬!讓我們繼續團結台灣、守護台灣、牽手向前,再一次寫下二十一世紀動人的台灣故事。

 

  最後,敬祝中華民國國運昌隆!各位鄉親朋友及各位嘉賓健康快樂!謝謝大家!

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