說一首英詩
《Barbara Frietchie》這首詩,曾經我嘗試著繙譯一回,然卻枉顧了詩的韻脚及格式,不知高低輕重地徒然一味瞎纏蠻幹,果然成就是見不得人的難堪結局。
我的英詩翻譯程度衹在嬰兒學步的階段,當初會這樣地大膽莽撞嘗試,只因爲詩内的故事觸動我心底的一點感觸。寫詩是極難的志業,譯詩則更難上一層,我缺乏詩人的氣質,一向來不知如何詩作,譯詩那更如登天。既然棄了譯詩的企圖,卻我仍不死心,依舊這裏要將這詩和大家大致簡略地說上幾句,更確實原因只就是詩裏有面旗子曾經自由自在地飄揚了一整日。
清涼的一個九月早晨,馬里蘭州盛產玉蜀黍的草原上,綠色山丘環抱著的弗雷德里克斯鎮,南方邦聯李將軍的部隊正越過山丘綫蜿蜒而下。飢饉士兵們的眼睛巡掃過圍繞他們的路邊一座座結實纍纍的蘋果和梨子果園。這果園層層曡曡,鬱鬱葱葱,直遠到天際綫;在他們眼内,這地方美好就仿若天主的花園。
馬匹、士兵、篷車、炮隊不停地進入了弗雷德里克鎮,傍著無數在風中飄展的南方軍旗;這樣子太陽都行到了正午,鎮裏卻仍不見一個居民,全都躲在屋裏畏懼地不敢現身。意外地,這時高齡九十,背脊佝僂的老芭芭拉現了身——哦,那一日,她真可說是弗雷德里克鎮内最勇敢的人。取出了自家裏一幅鎮裏所有男人全藏起來了的聯邦國旗,她開啓她家閣樓窗口,大膽地招展開,用以證明鎮内仍還存有一顆忠貞的愛國心。
街上這時走來的那支南軍隊伍,領隊騎馬上的正是猛將傑克遜,在他那頂左右帽簷都彎褶的軍帽子下,顏容嚴峻,目光如電;一瞥閒,他瞧見那面往日曾效忠過的舊旗幟。
「停止!」,塵土染髒了的這支隊伍迅快地立定。
「開火!」,無數支步槍槍口同時濺出了火花。
槍擊使那扇閣樓的窗戶、窗格和窗扇顫抖著,並在那面旗幟上劃出許多道裂槽。自破碎的窗子上,芭芭拉抓住了正快速往下落的絲質旗幟,倚靠著窗台,她遠遠向外探伸出身軀,並用堅定的意志搖晃擺蕩著手中破碎的旗子,說道:「孩子們,開槍吧!如果你們一定要這樣子蠻幹,就請瞄著我老太婆打;但是千萬千萬不要傷害你們的國旗。」
正走過來的將軍聽到了這句話,臉上落下憂傷的陰影和羞愧的紅暈,他體內的貴族騎士性格讓這老女人的行為和言語激活:
「誰敢動那老太婆一根頭髮,我會讓他死得很難看——部隊前進!」他下達命令。
清涼的一個九月日子。
整一天,弗雷德里克鎮上街道響著部隊通過的腳步聲,還有補給篷車車輪的隆隆滾動。
整一天,那幅自由自在的旗幟飄在大隊大隊的南軍軍人頭頂上。
在十分忠於它的風裏,那面旗幟的撕裂褶皺張開又折起,遲來的夕陽亦透過山巒罅隙與它道上數聲溫暖的夜安。
芭芭拉的工作結束了,南方叛軍亦停止策馬四處的襲劫騷亂,戰爭終于停止,和平來臨。人們將榮譽賜予芭芭拉,因了她的緣故,當憑吊傑克遜將軍的陵園,亦會落幾滴淚水在他的棺柩上。芭芭拉的墳頭,日夜飛舞著自由與聯邦的旗子,它畫出和平、秩序和美麗,並象徵出光明和律法。而曾經芭芭拉那時代閃爍的群星仍全在天空上朝下望,靜靜觀著弗雷德里克鎮裏頭飄揚著的聯邦旗幟上的星子們。
John Greenleaf Whittier于1863年寫得這詩,我總算講全了,吱吱唔唔說得實在並不十分佳;這詩網上到處可以尋到,我亦將它列在本文最下端,諸君私下自個可朗誦幾回,琢磨它的原汁原味。其實詩裏故事並不實在,很有些人跳出來反駁,嚷嚷南軍進鎮那天,老芭芭拉正病著,她病得的不輕,躺床上起不來身;甚至有人指証歷歷,言之鑿鑿升旗這女士芳名瑪麗。另有人説,將軍肯定不是石墻傑克遜,當日他不在鎮裏。紛紛擾擾,諸事說也説不清。
這世界上另有面旗子,這旗子不是普通一般地美麗(您見了必定也會同意),在過往多少年的歲月中,無數戰場上曾經數以千萬計的烈士為它撒上鮮血,犧牲性命;如今無奈它侷限飄揚於一海島上,常委屈地半藏半掩,卻依然有人對它起了厭惡心,恨不得再不要見上它一面。島上年輕一代更全然無知地忘記了它過往曾經的光輝,鄙視如敝屣,處境令人唏噓。幾乎被遺棄的這面旗子,光景慘淡不如秋扇,那麽就讓我藉了這首詩,紙上權且做一回老芭芭拉,在初夏五月的清和天氣裏,使它好好地招展一會——亦權且告慰為它犧牲的那些英靈們。
Up from the meadows rich with corn,
Clear in the cool September morn,
The clustered spires of Frederick stand
Green-walled by the hills of Maryland.
Round about them orchards sweep,
Apple- and peach-tree fruited deep,
Fair as a garden of the Lord
To the eyes of the famished rebel horde,
On that pleasant morn of the early fall
When Lee marched over the mountain wall,—
Over the mountains winding down,
Horse and foot, into Frederick town.
Forty flags with their silver stars,
Forty flags with their crimson bars,
Flapped in the morning wind: the sun
Of noon looked down, and saw not one.
Up rose old Barbara Frietchie then,
Bowed with her fourscore years and ten;
Bravest of all in Frederick town,
She took up the flag the men hauled down;
In her attic window the staff she set,
To show that one heart was loyal yet.
Up the street came the rebel tread,
Stonewall Jackson riding ahead.
Under his slouched hat left and right
He glanced: the old flag met his sight.
“Halt!”— the dust-brown ranks stood fast.
“Fire!”— out blazed the rifle-blast.
It shivered the window, pane and sash;
It rent the banner with seam and gash.
Quick, as it fell, from the broken staff
Dame Barbara snatched the silken scarf;
She leaned far out on the window-sill,
And shook it forth with a royal will.
“Shoot, if you must, this old gray head,
But spare your country’s flag,” she said.
A shade of sadness, a blush of shame,
Over the face of the leader came;
The nobler nature within him stirred
To life at that woman’s deed and word:
“Who touches a hair of yon gray head
Dies like a dog! March on!” he said.
All day long through Frederick street
Sounded the tread of marching feet:
All day long that free flag tost
Over the heads of the rebel host.
Ever its torn folds rose and fell
On the loyal winds that loved it well;
And through the hill-gaps sunset light
Shone over it with a warm good-night.
Barbara Frietchie’s work is o’er,
And the Rebel rides on his raids no more.
Honor to her! and let a tear
Fall, for her sake, on Stonewall’s bier.
Over Barbara Frietchie’s grave
Flag of Freedom and Union, wave!
Peace and order and beauty draw
Round thy symbol of light and law;
And ever the stars above look down
On thy stars below in Frederick town!
2017.05.22