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2009/05/14 13:20:07瀏覽7024|回應0|推薦0 | |
在「想抗稅嗎?你可以先選擇分居。」的分享中,講到勞保投保薪資級距有 22級,健保投保薪資級距高達 46級。那麼個人綜合所得稅,全部只有五個級距:其中 218萬以下,有三個級距;超過 218萬一直到 99億的部份,只有二個級距,根本不符合累進稅率的精神。而且淨所得 41萬以下,課徵 6%的所得稅,而下一個級距變成 109萬,而不是 82萬,也不盡公平。理論上,累進稅率的課稅級距,應該要隨著所得的增加,級距數目要愈來愈多,而非愈來愈少。因此正確的做法,是從 6.0%到 40.0%,一個百分點一個級距,取 35個級距,甚至可以取 45個。而且每個級距要有一定的差異性,最好是符合二次方程式的曲線。這樣以淨所得來課稅時,就可以隨著個人淨所得的增加,課稅呈現二次曲線遞增。所以我根據九十七年度現有的課稅級距,推出更詳細的級距數字,一共 35個,列在下面: 6% = $0 - $55,814 7% = $55,815 - $112,476 8% = $112,477 - $170,024 9% = $170,025 - $228,502 10% = $228,503 - $287,956 11% = $287,957 - $348,437 12% = $348,438 - $409,999 13% = $410,000 - $489,040 14% = $489,041 - $569,580 15% = $569,581 - $651,709 16% = $651,710 - $735,523 17% = $735,524 - $821,131 18% = $821,132 - $908,654 19% = $908,655 - $998,227 20% = $998,228 - $1,089,999 21% = $1,090,000 - $1,198,158 22% = $1,198,159 - $1,308,959 23% = $1,308,960 - $1,422,606 24% = $1,422,607 - $1,539,332 25% = $1,539,333 - $1,659,399 26% = $1,659,400 - $1,783,113 27% = $1,783,114 - $1,910,828 28% = $1,910,829 - $2,042,959 29% = $2,042,960 - $2,179,999 30% = $2,180,000 - $2,322,539 31% = $2,322,540 - $2,471,299 32% = $2,471,300 - $2,627,173 33% = $2,627,174 - $2,791,291 34% = $2,791,292 - $2,965,118 35% = $2,965,119 - $3,150,614 36% = $3,150,615 - $3,350,500 37% = $3,350,501 - $3,568,758 38% = $3,568,759 - $3,811,633 39% = $3,811,634 - $4,089,999 40% = $4,090,000 以上 上面紅字的部份,與現行級距相同。我想這樣的級距一但公布實行,被課徵 12%稅率的人,一定會強烈反對(很不幸,本人也是12%的一員),因為他們原本只要繳 6%的稅,現在看來將被課徵二倍的稅率;而被課徵 9%稅率的人,看起來則是比原本增加了百分之五十。不過,請再仔細想想,並不是所有的淨所得都被課以 12%的所得稅,既然是累進稅率,就會有累進差額。愈高的稅率,可扣除的累進差額愈多。所以請相信,這樣才是公平的。而且,之前淨所得接近卻未達 41萬的人,原本就佔了課稅級距的便宜,現在不過變得更公平一些而已。 只是這個級距表雖然依照二次方程式曲線製作,還是有一點點的缺憾,那就是你會發現前面的級距差,大約是五萬三千多,但是最後面的級距差,變成了廿七萬八千多,並不一致。所以這樣的級距表還是有可以改善的空間。例如,可以在 30%-40%的稅率中,每 0.5%再增設一個級距,共十個,如下表: 30% = $2,180,000 - $2,250,540 30.5% = $2,250,541 - $2,322,539 31% = $2,322,540 - $2,396,090 31.5% = $2,396,091 - $2,471,299 32% = $2,471,300 - $2,548,282 32.5% = $2,548,283 - $2,627,173 33% = $2,627,174 - $2,708,119 33.5% = $2,708,120 - $2,791,291 34% = $2,791,292 - $2,876,882 34.5% = $2,876,883 - $2,965,118 35% = $2,965,119 - $3,056,259 35.5% = $3,056,260 - $3,150,614 36% = $3,150,615 - $3,248,547 36.5% = $3,248,548 - $3,350,500 37% = $3,350,501 - $3,457,012 37.5% = $3,457,013 - $3,568,758 38% = $3,568,759 - $3,686,591 38.5% = $3,686,592 - $3,811,633 39% = $3,811,634 - $3,945,394 39.5% = $3,945,395 - $4,089,999 40% = $4,090,000 以上 這樣總級距數變成 45個,接近健保的投保薪資級距數目;最後一級的級距差額是十四萬多,算是一種折衷。每 0.5%就設定一個級距,看似相當麻煩複雜,但是高收入者大多會有財稅顧問,專門處理個人所得稅的報繳,因此這一點點的改變,並不會造成大多數民眾的困擾。 當然,合理的提高免稅額及扣除額還是一定要的配套措施,讓合理的生活費用,反應在申報書上,讓個人所得稅的開徵,真正達到稅負公平,名正言順。 延伸閱讀 ‧想抗稅嗎?你可以先選擇分居。 ‧財政收支短絀 問題嚴重 ‧掌握財經關鍵-令人怵目驚心的貧富惡化趨勢 ‧美國「找錢」 富人要加稅 |
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