A281-投資 投機 賭搏(其二:侵略行為) JCW, 2009/05/01.版權所有.
★☆★☆★ 超快速交通車: 用滑鼠左鍵點一下就可進入 ▼
(1). "未來世界的政治主張" 原稿,請看:https://city.udn.com/61613/forum 世聯WodFed城市
(2). "未來世界的政治主張" 整理後稿件,請看:http://blog.udn.com/jcwang00/article 世聯城的部落格
(3). 說笑雜項,請看:http://blog.udn.com/jctheoldman 用膝蓋想部落格
(4). 接龍創作,請看:http://blog.udn.com/JC00 外太空的009部落格
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在Investor Home網上看到有一篇文章 "Investment, Speculation, and Gambling",並附有六十餘項分節討論;這文章的標題很特別:很少人把投資與投機放在一起說;把賭搏也扯在一處就更少了。一般人做股票都不欲人知,給別人知道了就說是 "投資",沒人肯說在 "投機";打有檯面(即有錢鈔輸嬴)的麻將、橋牌或沙蟹(?!)都說是 "小玩玩",沒人肯說在 "賭"。投資、投機、賭搏,這三者有何差別?投機及賭搏不是好事?
以 "投資、投機、賭搏" 為題的作品不多;這兩件值得一讀:
(1). 問投機、投資與賭博的異同? - Yahoo!知識+ http://hk.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/question?qid=7006061801531
(2). Investor Home - Speculation, Investment, Gambling, and ...
http://www.investorhome.com/index.htm
前者是用中文寫的,極簡短;那後者則是英文版,內容極豐富,要仔細閱讀非一兩天不能讀完。
投資、投機、賭博,所具有的相同之處,除目的在贏餞之外,是乃三者都要面對不確定性(uncertainty),所以都有賠本的風險(Risk)。因此,參與者必須心存避險之想,萬萬疏忽不得;蓋:小輸不免心痛,大輸可以傾家蕩產;可不慎嶼唹。所以有一金句為戒:"輸不起就不要玩"!
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維基百科有一篇說明 "內線交易(Insider Trading)" 的資料;照例,它的中文版很簡短:………
★★★ 內線交易English-維基百科,自由的百科全書:內線交易,亦作內幕交易,是指於獲悉未公開且後來證實足以影響股票或其他有價證券市價的消息後進行交易並有成比例的獲利發生的行為。內線交易的要件在於:1.獲悉未公開消息;2.該消息有效影響有價證券市價;3.交易後有與該消息成比例的獲利發生。 內線交易也可以是完全合法的證券交易行為;但是由於內線交易造成市場不公平,所以在多數情況之下內線交易常被使用在違法的犯罪行為描述。
中文版目錄: 1 證券交易法 2 內線交易的優點 2.1 資訊不對稱性與資訊揭露 2.2 資訊揭露 3 違法的內線交易 4 著名案例 5 外部連結 ★★★ Insider trading中文-Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:Insider trading is the trading of a corporation's stock or other securities (e.g. bonds or stock options) by individuals with potential access to non-public information about the company. In most countries, trading by corporate insiders such as officers, key employees, directors, and large shareholders may be legal, if this trading is done in a way that does not take advantage of non-public information. However, the term is frequently used to refer to a practice in which an insider or a related party trades based on material non-public information obtained during the performance of the insider's duties at the corporation, or otherwise in breach of a fiduciary duty or other relationship of trust and confidence or where the non-public information was misappropriated from the company[1]. In the United States and several other jurisdictions, trading conducted by corporate officers, key employees, directors, or significant shareholders (in the U.S., defined as beneficial owners of ten percent or more of the firm's equity securities) must be reported to the regulator or publicly disclosed, usually within a few business days of the trade. Many investors follow the summaries of these insider trades in the hope that mimicking these trades will be profitable. While "legal" insider trading cannot be based on material non-public information, some investors believe corporate insiders nonetheless may have better insights into the health of a corporation (broadly speaking) and that their trades otherwise convey important information (e.g., about the pending retirement of an important officer selling shares, greater commitment to the corporation by officers purchasing shares, etc.) Illegal insider trading is believed to raise the cost of capital for securities issuers, thus decreasing overall economic growth[2]. |
Contents: 1 Legal insider trading 2 Illegal insider trading 2.1 Definition of "insider" 2.2 Liability for insider trading 2.3 Misappropriation theory 2.4 Proof of responsibility 2.5 Trading on information in general 2.6 Tracking insider trades 3 American insider trading law 3.1 Common law 3.2 SEC regulations 3.3 Court decisions 4 Security analysis and insider trading 5 Arguments for legalizing insider trading 6 Legal differences among jurisdictions 7 See also 8 References 9 Sources 10 External links 10.1 General Information 10.2 Articles and Opinions 11 Data on Insider Trading |
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參與証券買賣的利害有關方面有三,即:(1).買方,(2).賣方,(3).企業;其中企業乃指証券的發行者。証券包括股票、公債等一切代表財產權益的票券;以下談論以股票為例;所以:股票是債權憑証,它的發行人(企業)就是債務人。
我不是財經學者;我可不可以如此說:政府允許股票上市買賣是為了幫助企業集資創業並經營,以利國家的經濟發展;所以,股票的買賣既已完成,企業與政府就都已經如願,它們就無需再顧問股票的市價如何了。至於企業呢:企業的經營目的就是為盈利。企業不願股票貶值就須力求盈利日增。企業要維持股票的市價恆在面值以上,也是它身為債務人必須保障它債權人(股票持有者)權益的責任和義務。所以,企業當然要以提高盈利來使股價上漲,政府對股票的漲跌則對任何方面其實並無實際的利益關係;股票市價的漲跌只會影響政府經濟繁榮或否的聲譽而已……假使此說成立,則政府只要希望股價指數能維持在稍高而不下跌的情形就可以了。股票市價大幅波動,對國內當然只有百弊而無一利,政府應該力求其穩定才是;政府何必要指望股價指數大漲呢?大漲不是會有它種種不良的財經和社會道德後果嗎?
政府以某種形式的公帑買賣股票,是內線交易嗎?
以國人的買賣股票言之,政府有鼓勵金融界以融資融券、甚至信用貸款的方式幫助任何人買賣的義務嗎?依公平交易的原則來說,幫助某人從事超越其實際財力的買賣是合法合理合情的嗎?這種事只會使有權勢者和富者更富而受害者咸為菜籃族之類小民。此言對不對?
以國外的買賣人言之,外資進入股市咸非為投資而為圖近利。政府是不是應該只允許外資進來做國內企業的股東(投資)而非進入股市來以龐大財力操作取利(投機)呢?外資在我証券市場操作圖利算不算得是資本主義者的迷思和侵略主義者的行徑?有沒有政府的統計數字可以反証外資有意的經濟侵略行為呢?
不論土資或外資,它們在証券市場操作,目的只是為投機以圖急利近利而非投資。我說:賭搏是個人的不良喜好,投機是侵略行為。政府應該允許融資融券幫助國人侵略國人,政府應該允許外資進場來侵略國人嗎?政府該不該終止鼓勵國人對國人的侵略行為,政府該不該考慮終止容忍外資的國際經濟侵略行為呢?
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