A275上-金鋼鑽！            JCW, 2009/04/26.版權所有.

★☆★☆★ 超快速交通車： 用滑鼠左鍵點一下就可進入 ▼

(1). "未來世界的政治主張" 原稿，請看：https://city.udn.com/61613/forum  世聯WodFed城市

(2). "未來世界的政治主張" 整理後稿件，請看：http://blog.udn.com/jcwang00/article  世聯城的部落格

(3). 說笑雜項，請看：http://blog.udn.com/jctheoldman  用膝蓋想部落格

(4). 接龍創作，請看：http://blog.udn.com/JC00  外太空的009部落格

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看過了金銀珠寶的資料，怎能不看一看金鋼鑽呢！？

此處要看的資料共有：……

  (1) 世界金剛鑽業的霸主

  (2) 金鋼鑽

  (3). Dimond stimulants(JCW擅譯："代用鑽")

  (4). Enhanced Diamonds(JCW擅譯："強化鑽")

  (5) 人造鑽

  (6) 合成金鋼鑽

  (7) "車玻璃"

  (8) 如何 "車" 玻璃

  (9) 晶體與水晶(石英)

  (10) Fused Quatz and Wafers

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(1)★★★世界金剛鑽業的霸主 - 先見識一下產品。

☆(1A). De Beers是公稱的世界金剛鑽業霸主；這裡有金鋼鑽基本知識介紹：

Home-The De Beers Group；http://www.debeers.com/page/home

☆(1B). http://www.diamond.com/ - 可以到這裡去開開眼界。

☆(1C). Tiffany 第凡內

因電影 "Breakfast at Teffany" 而知名的首飾公司。

ffany & Co. | Home | United States

☆(1D). 蘇聯鑽-鑽石仿冒品 - 蘇聯鑽(CZ):是利用化學元素二氧化鋯製成,價錢非常低廉,國外戲稱之為〝白寶石〞有些消費者出國旅遊經常付昂貴價錢買回,實在冤枉。由於蘇聯鑽莫氏硬度只有8度,因此其切割線常有磨損,用10倍放大鏡觀看很容易檢視出來。 由於價錢低廉所以經常被鑲造於黃金和假K金飾物上。

從http://srdiamond.com.tw/archive/srdd/srd4300.htm可以看到很多真假金鋼鑽的資料。

☆(1E). http://www.mey1668.com/shop/ 教做銀的鑽飾。

☆(1F). 蘇聯鑽 立方氧化鋯-維基百科 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_zirconia - 立方氧化鋯（Cubic Zirconia，簡稱 CZ），亦被稱作「方晶鋯石」、「蘇聯鑽」或「蘇聯石」，是二氧化鋯（Zirconia，ZrO2）晶體的一種。氧化鋯天然存在時大部份為單斜晶體（mono-clinic），主要以礦物「鈄鋯石」（Baddeleyite）存在。以立方單晶體存在的氧化鋯在天然中極為罕有，但現時經常以人工方法合成，被廣泛用作鑽石的代替品。因為這種人工合成方法在蘇聯發明及最先使用，故此立方氧化鋯亦被稱為「蘇聯鑽」或「蘇聯石」。

目錄：1 特質；2 歷史；3 合成方法；3.1 改良；4 與鑽石比較；5 參考資料。

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(2)★★★ 金鋼鑽 Diamond^中文- Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond - In mineralogy, diamond (from the ancient Greek ἀδάμας, adámas) is the allotrope of carbon where the carbon atoms are arranged in an isometric-hexoctahedral crystal lattice. After graphite, diamond is the second most stable form of carbon. Its hardness and high dispersion of light make it useful for industrial applications and jewelry. It is the hardest known naturally occurring mineral. It is possible to treat regular diamonds under a combination of high pressure and high temperature to produce diamonds that are harder than the diamonds used in hardness gauges^[2].

        Diamonds are specifically renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities; they make excellent abrasives because few substances can scratch them. As a result they hold a polish extremely well and retain their lustre. Approximately 130 million carats (26,000 kg (57,000 lb)) are mined annually, with a total value of nearly USD $9 billion, and about 100,000 kg (220,000 lb) are synthesized annually^[3].

(3)★★★ Dimond stimulants(JCW擅譯："代用鑽")

Diamond simulant, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_simulant - Due to its low cost and close visual likeness to diamond, cubic zirconia has remained the most gemologically and economically important diamond simulant since 1976.

        The high price of gem-grade diamonds has created a large demand for materials with similar gemological characteristics, known as diamond simulants or imitations. Simulants are distinct from synthetic diamond, which unlike simulants is actual diamond, and therefore has the same material properties as natural diamond. Enhanced diamonds are also excluded from this definition. A diamond simulant may be artificial, natural, or in some cases a combination thereof. While their material properties depart markedly from those of diamond, simulants have certain desired characteristics—such as dispersion and hardness—which lend themselves to imitation. Trained gemologists with appropriate equipment are able to distinguish natural and synthetic diamonds from all diamond simulants, primarily by visual inspection.

[JCW註]：上段 "Simulants are distinct from synthetic diamond, which unlike simulants is actual diamond, and therefore has the same material properties as natural diamond……A diamond simulant may be artificial, natural, or in some cases a combination thereof." 句須細讀：Synthetic diamond 是人工合成鑽；Dimaond simulants則是鑽的代用物，它不一定是真正天然的鑽。又："Enhanced diamonds are also excluded from this definition." 句所指Enhanced diamonds則在下節另有說明。

The most common diamond simulants are high-leaded glass (i.e., rhinestones) and cubic zirconia (CZ), both artificial materials. A number of other artificial materials, such as strontium titanate and synthetic rutile have been developed since the mid 1950s, but these are no longer in common use. Introduced at the end of the 20th century, the lab grown product moissanite has gained popularity as an alternative to diamond.

(5)★★★ 人造鑽Artificial Diamonds: Diamond Source of Virginia Loose Diamonds Education

http://www.diamondsourceva.com/Education/ArtificialDiamonds/ArtificialDiamonds.asp 

在這網頁的Education項下有十多項有關人造鑽及其他知識的簡介，不可以之為一般廣告論。

Artificial diamond is diamond produced through chemical or physical processes in a laboratory. Like naturally occurring diamond it is composed of a three-dimensional carbon crystal. Artificial diamonds are also called cultured diamonds, manufactured diamonds, and synthetic diamonds………

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(6)★★★ 合成金鋼鑽Synthetic Diamonds: Diamond Source of Virginia Diamond Loose Diamonds ...

http://www.diamondsourceva.com/Education/ArtificialDiamonds/synthetic-diamonds.asp

在這網頁的Education項下有極多項有關合成鑽及其他知識的簡介，不可以之為一般廣告論。

Synthetic Diamonds：High demand for diamonds has led to the development of methods for producing synthetic diamonds. Even though the majority of natural diamonds are industrial grade, only about 10 percent of the diamonds used for industrial purposes are natural diamonds. The other 90 percent are synthetic diamonds……….

Synthetic Diamonds: Future Uses

Synthetic Diamonds: Production

Synthetic Diamonds: Gemesis

Synthetic Diamonds: Apollo

nthetic Diamonds: LifeGem

Synthetic Diamonds: Adia Diamonds

Synthetic Diamonds: Chatham

Synthetic Diamonds: Tairus

Synthetic Diamonds: New Age Diamonds

Synthetic Diamonds: Detection Techniques

Synthetic Diamonds: The Future

and others

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(7)★★★ "車玻璃" Cut Glass - ACGA-American Cut Glass Association, http://www.cutglass.org/ , is a non-profit organization devoted to the study and research of American Brilliant Cut Glass.

"Cut and Engraved 'Whimsys"

"American Brilliant Period Cut Glass, 1876 - 1917"  by John, C. Roesel June 1983,  tells 3,500 Years of Glass：Glass, that remarkable substance born of sand, alkali and fire, has fascinated and served humankind for more than 3,500 years – ever since some long-forgotten Middle Eastern artisan stumbled upon a way to control its manufacture………"Cut Glass" Defined：Let's single out only one decorative technique, explore its demands and scope, and perhaps learn to admire and appreciate the end product. "Cut glass" is glass that has been decorated entirely by hand by use of rotating wheels. Cuts are made………

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(8)★★★ 如何車玻璃

☆(8A). How to Cut Glass: 9 steps - wikiHow, - wikiHow article about How to Cut Glass.

http://www.wikihow.com/Cut-Glass

(8B). Cutting Glass Tutorial, http://www.freepatternsforstainedglass.com/cutting-glass.html

Cutting glass should not be difficult if you follow these simple tips and techniques……… 

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(9)★★★ 晶體與水晶      === 待續 ===