A274(4)-金銀珠寶人人愛            JCW, 2009/04/25.版權所有.

★☆★☆★ 超快速交通車： 用滑鼠左鍵點一下就可進入 ▼

(1). "未來世界的政治主張" 原稿，請看：https://city.udn.com/61613/forum  世聯WodFed城市

(2). "未來世界的政治主張" 整理後稿件，請看：http://blog.udn.com/jcwang00/article  世聯城的部落格

(3). 說笑雜項，請看：http://blog.udn.com/jctheoldman  用膝蓋想部落格

(4). 接龍創作，請看：http://blog.udn.com/JC00  外太空的009部落格

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

"金銀珠寶人人愛！"……本文將討論下述各點：

  (1). 計量單位 (Units)

  (2). 珠寶及寶石 (Jewery and Precious Stones)

  (3). 鉑 (白金，Platinum)

  (4). 金 (黃金，Gold)

  (5). 銀 (Silver)

  (6). 紙幣 (Banknote)

(續前)...........

Contents：   1 Characteristics     1.1 Color of gold   2 Applications     2.1 As the metal       2.1.1 Medium of monetary exchange       2.1.2 Jewelry     2.2 Medicine     2.3 Food and drink     2.4 Industry     2.5 Electronics     2.6 Other     2.7 As gold chemical compounds   3 History   4 Occurrence   5 Production   6 Price     6.1 Price records     6.2 Long term price trends   7 Compounds     7.1 Less common oxidation states: Au(-I), Au(II), and Au(V)     7.2 Mixed valence compounds   8 Isotopes   9 Symbolism   10 Toxicity   11 See also   12 Footnotes   13 Bibliography   14 External links

(5)★★★ 銀(Silver)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Silver^中文- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

[5A.好多銀子！]：Silver - Image Results，http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?_adv_prop=image&fr=yfp&va=silver&sz=

[5B.中文]：銀，http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%80

銀是一種化學元素，化學符號Ag，原子序數47，是一種過渡金屬。

目錄： 1 顯著的特性 2 應用 3 歷史 4 在生物中作用 5 來源

[5C.英文]：Silver，http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver

Silver is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag (Latin: argentum, from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήεντος - argēentos, gen. of ἀργήεις - argēeis, "white, shining" ) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold (electrum) and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Most silver is produced as a by-product of copper, gold, lead, and zinc refining.

        Silver has been known since ancient times and has long been valued as a precious metal, used to make ornaments, jewelry, high-value tableware, utensils (hence the term silverware), and currency coins. Today, silver metal is used in electrical contacts and conductors, in mirrors and in catalysis of chemical reactions. Its compounds are used in photographic film and dilute solutions of silver nitrate and other silver compounds are used as disinfectants. Although the antimicrobial uses of silver have largely been supplanted by the use of antibiotics, further research into its clinical potential is in progress.

Contents：   1 Occurrence and extraction   2 Characteristics   3 Isotopes   4 Silver compounds   5 Applications     5.1 Precious metal     5.2 Dentistry     5.3 Photography and electronics     5.4 Solder and brazing     5.5 Mirrors and optics     5.6 Nuclear reactors     5.7 Catalyst     5.8 Currency     5.9 Medicine       5.9.1 Medication     5.10 Food     5.11 Clothing     5.12 Silversmithery   6 History   7 Price   8 Folklore and popular culture   9 Precautions   10 See also   11 References   12 External links

[5D.洋銀]：Sterling Silver，http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_silver

Sterling silver is an alloy of silver containing 92.5% by weight of silver and 7.5% by weight of other metals, usually copper. The sterling silver standard has a minimum millesimal fineness of 925.

Fine silver (99.9% pure) is generally too soft for producing large functional objects; therefore, the silver is usually alloyed with copper to give it strength, while at the same time preserving the ductility and beauty of the precious metal. Other metals can replace the copper, usually with the intent to improve various properties of the basic sterling alloy such as reducing casting porosity, eliminating firescale, and increasing resistance to tarnish. These replacement metals include germanium, zinc and platinum, as well as a variety of other additives, including silicon and boron. A number of alloys,such as Argentium sterling silver have appeared in recent years, formulated to lessen firescale or to inhibit tarnish, and this has sparked heavy competition among the various manufacturers, who are rushing to make claims of having the best formulation. However, no one alloy has emerged to replace copper as the industry standard, and alloy development is a very active area.

Contents：   1 Origin of the alloy metal   2 Origin of the word "sterling", used to refer to the silver alloy     2.1 Scottish mine theory, anachronistic     2.2 Starling theory, discounted     2.3 Mint mark theory     2.4 "Easterling" theory   3 A century of dining regalia: the silver craze of 1840 to 1940   4 Hallmarks   5 Miscellaneous   6 Tarnish and corrosion   7 References   8 External links

[5E.硬幣]：Coin，http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coins中文

<5E.1.中文> 硬幣，http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%AC%E5%B9%A3

硬幣（Coins）是指以堅硬的物料（通常是金屬）造成的貨幣。相對紙幣，硬幣的面值通常較低。一般硬幣是由非貴重金屬（如銅、鎳）鑄造，由政府發行，一般為輔幣，其面值通常是靠法律規定。但收藏性的硬幣則多以貴重金屬（如金、銀）鑄造，這些硬幣帶有內在的價值，因此其價格與發行者無大關係。

        在一些地區，隨著各種諸如八達通般的電子收費系統的流行，硬幣的使用已越來越少，慢慢退出歷史舞台。

近代中國流通的外國硬幣：

  馬劍，荷蘭銀元，上面有一騎馬持劍勇士圖案。 

  雙柱，也稱"本洋"，西班牙銀元，一面圖案上面一盾牌，其左右有一對海克力士柱子。 

  鷹洋，俗稱「蝙蝠」，墨西哥銀元，有一隻展翅雄鷹圖案。 

  坐洋，法國安南（西貢）銀元，上面有一自由女神坐像。 

  龍洋，日本銀元，上面有龍圖案。 

  站人洋，英國銀元，圖案是站立大不列顛女神。 

參見：古錢幣；銅元；銀元；大國銀幣在中國泛濫；目錄13,680 錢幣 

<5E.2.英文> Coin，.....=== 待續 ===