《靜思晨語。法譬如水》458. 法味潤德

The Dharma Nourishes Virtue

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學佛，時時要「聞、思、修」。

In learning Buddhism, we should always listen, contemplate and practice.

我們若能常常聽聞佛法，自然我們的心時時都能保持著平靜。平靜是來自於通達道理，我們若道理通了，世間紛紛擾擾動不到我們，那就是因為我們能夠通達諸法，所以這就是從聞法而來。

If we listen to the Buddha-Dharma often, our minds will remain tranquil. Tranquility will arise from knowing the principles. When we know the principles, no worldly turmoil will be able to affect us, because we are able to comprehend all Dharma. This ability comes from hearing the Dharma.

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聞法歡喜 法音入心
法味潤德 滋養慧命

Hearing the Dharma brings joy. As the sound of Dharma enters the mind, the taste of Dharma nourishes our virtue and feeds our Wisdom-life.

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所以經文中說－－「聞法歡喜，法音入心；法味潤德，滋養慧命。」

So, hearing the Dharma will bring joy.

聽法真的要用心聽，我們若是沒有用心聽，哪怕即使是每天都坐在這裡，每天我這麼用心地說，但是我們若沒有用心去體會、實踐，那就只是聽而已。

We should truly listen to the Dharma mindfully. If you just sit here every day while I put my heart into sharing with you and are not mindful in listening, you will only hear words.

凡夫只是用「耳根」來「聽話」－－聽凡夫的世俗話。聽了之後，有的凡夫就把它變成了煩惱；用懷疑的心，用不正確的心念，那一邊在聽，一邊就在製造煩惱。若是這樣哪有辦法把心平靜？

Often, the ears of ordinary beings hear mundane or ordinary speech and turn it into afflictions. With doubtful and improper mindsets, people create afflictions as they listen. So, how can we calm the mind?

所以我們必定要用「修行」的這念「道心」來聽聞佛法。我們若是修行的道心堅固，哪個地方的聲音不是法音呢？

So, we must listen to the Buddha-Dharma with a strong resolve to engage in spiritual practice. If our resolve to practice is firm, every sound we hear is the sound of the Dharma.

我們看大地一切萬物，就如是天還未亮的時候，前面的庭院有燈光，微微的風一吹，風吹了樹在搖動，那個樹搖動的影子映在牆上；雖然是天色昏暗時，但是那個風聲樹影，就讓我們感覺得到大地之德、萬物之美。能夠如同這樣，心中生起那分感恩，感恩我們生在這個大地上，有日月不同。

Look at all the things on this Earth. Perhaps a small breeze moves a tree, just before dawn. With the streetlamp out front, and the slightest breeze moving the tree, a shadow is cast on the wall. Though the sky is still dark, the breeze and the tree allow us to feel the virtue of the land and the beauty of all things. We will be grateful to have been born on this Earth with the existence of night and day.

晝時，白天能夠看到大地萬物真的很明朗，看很遠，能夠看到很多的東西，能夠感受到遼闊的境界。但是夜間，就像是現在天未亮，天色還很暗，但是在很暗這個時候，卻是有一番靜寂清澄的境界，很寧靜。

In the daytime, we can see everything clearly. We can see many things from far away, and can experience the vastness of the land. At night, like now, when it is not yet light out, we can experience a state of purity and tranquility. It is quite serene.

我們能夠知道說－－我們的精神若是愈集中時，就算聽聞大地自然的聲音，那種空間所展現出來的諸法，就是同也要能夠在我們心中滋潤生長；我們若能夠心靈常常明淨透澈，這些道法，對於我們而言，就如同能夠聞到很多的香味一般，令人心曠神怡。

So, we understand that the more we focus, the sounds of the land and all phenomena in the universe will nurture our minds. If our thinking is clear and pure, we can smell many fragrances. So, the fragrances of virtue permeates everything. Wherever you go, there is an unspeakable joy that arises from the Dharma.

所以「道風德香薰一切」，無論你到哪個空間，好像都有那種說不出來的心很歡喜的法味。所以「法味潤德」，我們的心無煩惱，那種的法喜禪悅的感覺，就像法味潤德，自然滋養慧命。我們難道不是時時都在期待，我們的慧命能夠不斷地增長嗎？

The taste of Dharma nourishes our virtue. Our minds are free from afflictions, and we feel Dharma-joy and meditative bliss. So, as the Dharma nurtures our virtue, it naturally nourishes our Wisdom-life. Don't we always hope to develop our Wisdom-life?

因為時日不斷的過去，年齡不斷在增長，其實在生命中，也不斷在凋零老化；唯有慧命，我們若啟發起來，慧命長生不老，完全不會凋零，所以它是永遠清新。因為智慧，在世間有很多東西，我們還沒看透，我們還沒盡知，尚不知道的還有很多。

As the days pass, we continue to age. In life, we all wither and grow old. But if we awaken our Wisdom-life, it never grows old and it never withers. It will remain forever pure and new. Because of our limited wisdom, there are many things in this world that we have yet to penetrate, that we have yet to fully understand. There is still much that we do not know.

所以慧命它會不斷成長，那就是因為我們的心能夠靜下來，因為我們一念走在這條的佛道上。當然我們要以那分平靜的心，來聽佛法，自然我們的智慧不斷來成長。所以聞法應該是很歡喜，因為我們的心若靜下來，無論是大地萬物，或者是人我是非，完全靜寂清澄，透澈明朗了，哪還有什麼煩惱好來煩擾我們的心呢？

So, our Wisdom-life will continue to grow when our minds are quiet. As we walk the path of the Buddha, if we listen to the Buddha-Dharma with a tranquil mind, our wisdom will naturally develop. So, we should be joyful when we hear the Dharma. When our minds are still, all things, people and matters will become completely calm, lucid and clear. What afflictions then can disturb our minds?

所以前面《靜思晨語。法譬如水。清淨覺悟的智慧》、《靜思晨語。法譬如水。以悲啟智》我們說過，佛陀的「十力」。就是這十種的智慧，給他一股的力量，能夠看世間萬事萬物，都透澈明澄；真的很透澈，沒有什麼樣的污染，這就是一股的力量。

We have discussed the Ten Powers of the Buddha. With this ten-fold knowledge, He possesses a power that is lucid and clear. It is completely clear, with no defilements. That is the nature of this power.

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願以懺悔意根功德
願令此意
成就十力
洞達五明

May the merits and virtues of repentance enable my Mind-root to accomplish the Ten Powers and gain insight into the Five Studies.

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所以前面《靜思晨語。法譬如水。清淨覺悟的智慧》、《靜思晨語。法譬如水。以悲啟智》我們已經說過了「十力」，那麼我們現在來說「洞澈五明」。

We have talked about the Ten Powers, now we will cover the Five Studies.

在《法譬如水》的經文當中這麼說－－「願以懺悔意根功德：願令此意，成就十力，洞達五明。」

May the merits and virtues of repentance enable my Mind-root to accomplish the Ten Powers and gain insight into the Five Studies.

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五明:
古印度的五種學術
1.語文學的聲明
2.工藝學的工巧明

The Five Studies are the five sciences of ancient India;

The Study of Language and Grammar.
The Study of Arts and Crafts.

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五明:
3.醫藥學的醫方明
4.論理學的因明
5.宗教學的內明

The Study of Medicine.
The Study of Logic.
The Study of Religion (Inner Studies).

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什麼是五明？這「五明」，是古印度的五種學術，包括了－－「語文學的聲明；工藝學的工巧明；醫藥學的醫方明；論理學的因明；宗教學的內明。」

The Five Studies are the five sciences of ancient India: "The Study of Language and Grammar. The Study of Arts and Crafts. The Study of Medicine. The Study of Logic. The Study of Religion (Inner Studies)."

五明，第一，「聲明」。

The first is the study of language and grammar.

說到這個「聲」，我們要如何發聲？有什麼樣的聲音，我們應該能夠去分別？若是過去的醫生，可以透過聲音去分別這個人的健康狀況，到底這個人中氣好不好？身體健不健康？或者是聽到他在說話，可以分別出來「那個心是不是明智的語言？或者是充滿煩惱等等…」都是透過了聲音，從這個語文裡中能夠去分析這個人生、世事。

How do we make sounds and use language? Depending on the sound,we should be able to discern whether a person is strong and full of vitality, whether their body is healthy. When they speak, we can tell whether their mind is clear, or whether they are full of afflictions, and so on. This is all perceived through sound. With language, we can analyze the things in life.

當然這裡的語文，除了能夠了解，聽聲能夠分別這個善惡等等…以外，就是能夠說很多種的語言，通達很多種的音聲。

With this study of language, not only we understand things and distinguish good from evil, etc., additionally, some people are able to understand many different languages and sounds.

在佛經裡中也有這樣的故事，這修行者隨著一群商人，那樣出海去貿易。他是被僱的，僱來搬運東西。

There is a story in the Sutras about a practitioner who was hired by a group of seafaring merchants to transport their goods. These merchants were his employers.

這群商人，就是老闆，大家已經將這船靠岸了，大家想說要先用餐，中午了先用餐，就發了一些飯糰。

One day they docked the boat to eat lunch. For lunch, they gave out some rice balls.

那這個人拿了一個就到旁邊去了，樹下坐時，開始要打開這個飯糰來吃，就聽到鳥聲，就在那裡笑一下、搖一下頭。有人看到了，就在懷疑：「到底這個人是不是頭腦有問題？吃飯自己一個人，怎麼那樣子笑？那樣子在搖頭？」於是就問他：「到底你是怎麼了？」他就默然。

This porter took his and went off to the side, to sit under a tree. As they began to eat, the birds started to sing. The porter suddenly laughed and shook his head. Others who watched him thought he was going mad because he was eating by himself while laughing and shaking his head. When they asked him what was going on, the porter was silent.

但是老闆又問他，再次再問，所以反覆問了三次。那這位挑夫，他只好說：「剛才我聽到鳥兒再說，某某地方有寶藏。我雖然是聽到了，但是我覺得這不是我想要的，所以我只是以一個微笑和搖頭。」

But they kept asking him, and after the merchants asked him three times, the porter answered, "I just heard the birds say that there is a treasure hidden somewhere near here." When he heard the birds share this, the porter felt that he did not want any treasure, so he just laughed and shook his head.

看到這個故事，會覺得說這個鳥類都有這種的通靈，那何況說是人、人類？鳥類都能夠說：「你在幫人搬東西很辛苦，你可以去哪裡取什麼樣的東西。」只不過對一個修行者來說，世間的物資，挑動不了他的心，所以一笑置之。

Even birds can be quite intelligent, let alone humans. The birds told him that it was hard work to haul goods for others so he should find that treasure instead. But as a spiritual practitioner, worldly material goods did not entice him, so he laughed at the thought.

但是聽到的人眼睛都瞪大起來了，覺得說：「這麼辛苦在貿易，大海茫茫冒很大的危險，就是為了要取得利潤。為何有寶藏的地方，是為什麼不用呢？」所以大家就想說：「這個人雖然嘴上說，這對他來說沒什麼；既然知道了，是不是將來，會不會去取那些寶藏？」所以這些人起了歹念，大家去計謀一個方法，要害死這個挑夫。

But the others were intrigued. They felt that it was taxing and risky to travel the seas in order to trade goods for profit. Since a treasure existed, why not try to obtain it. They also thought that although the porter said he was not interested in obtaining wealth, he might secretly seek the treasure in the future. They had this greedy thought and plotted to kill the porter.

所以大家計謀之後，就是對他說：「我們很想要喝水，你是不是能夠去那裡有水的地方，你去提一些水來喝？」結果要去提時，彎身下去，這些商人就把他推下去。之後，這些商人有的人，趕緊駕著馬車、牛車，一群人就離開了。

They told him they were thirsty and asked him to go over and fetch some water. As he bent over to scoop some up, they pushed him into the water and quickly left with their horses and carts.

這個人在水中浮沉泅游，眼睜睜看到一群人已經離開了，他要怎麼辦呢？所以他在那裡，覺得說：「人生就是一念歹念生起，就是不顧一切的情分，那樣想要殺我的命，得他們的利益。」所以他自己在那裡泅游時，結果一大塊的木頭浮在水面上，他爬上浮木，就這樣隨水漂流。隨水流一直漂流，這群人離開不遠，看到這個人在那裡泅游，心想他一定是必死無疑了，所以停下車了，開始回頭去取那個埋藏的寶物。

As the porter struggled in the water, he watched the group of people leave and wondered what to do. At that moment, he realized that a single evil thought can cause people to disregard all relationships and murder one another for material gain. As he was struggling in the water, a large log floated by, so he climbed onto it and drifted downstream with the current. After a while, the group of men thought that the porter must have drowned. So, they returned to look for the buried treasure.

一挖之下果然有寶物，所以一挖出來以後，這群人開始在那裡爭。所以這位隨水漂流遠去的人，只是聽到後面非常的吵鬧，那群人已經在那裡爭，爭這些寶物到底要怎麼樣來分，他內心就覺得：「人生，這種的心實在是很可怕！」所以他厭棄了世俗勞苦賺錢謀生，他決定修行去了。

After digging in the area, they found it and quickly started to fight over it. As the porter drifted, he heard a lot of commotion as the men fought over how to divide the treasure they just found. He realized then that in life, this kind of mindset can be truly terrifying. So, he renounced worldly ways of making a living, and vowed to fully commit to spiritual practice.

那這就是在這個聲，鳥聲在說話。我們聽鳥聲在叫，其實牠們是在對話，只是我們凡夫聽不懂。但是有一種人他就能夠通達聲音，除了人類的語文以外，還能夠聽聞大地一切聲音，都有它的道理，這也是包含在「聲明」學裡中。

This is all about sound; like the sound of the birds talking. We only hear chirps, but they are actually communicating. Ordinary beings cannot understand; only those with special abilities can. Besides the language of humans, some people can understand the sounds of the Earth and learn its principles. This is all included in the study of language.

再來是「工藝學」，這叫做「工巧明」。

Next is the study of arts and crafts.

這種「工巧明」，就是手很靈活，做什麼事、什麼東西，他都是很懂得方法。無論是粗，無論是細，我們世間有這麼多種的東西，能夠讓人欣賞，從木料變成了欣賞的藝術，從石頭變成到很精緻。無論是刻成佛，我們就膜拜；或者是把它製成椅子，我們就來坐。

With such studies, one is dexterous and knows how to do many things. One understands the methods and can do either heavy or detailed work. There are many things in the world for us to enjoy. There is artwork made of wood or stone. There are statues of the Buddha for us to revere. There are chairs for us to sit on.

這些都是大地的東西，他加以變化，變成了是要讓人尊重的，或者是要讓人欣賞的，或者是讓人利用的等等…這都在工藝學裡中，所以稱作「工巧明」。

These are materials of the land that were transformed into objects for people to respect, enjoy and use. This is all arts and crafts. So, this is called the study of arts and crafts.

再來就是「醫藥學明」，這叫做「醫方明」。

Then there is the study of medicine.

不只是醫師，還要知曉藥。所以我們現在的醫學院，就要開很多系，有醫學系，有藥學系，有復健系等等…對人的身體有很多的學系。甚至有語言訓練，這也要聲明學。所以醫方明也是一樣，就是要對人類的這個醫藥學很精通。

Besides being a doctor, one also understands everything about medicine. In our medical school, there are many departments, general medicine, pharmacology, rehabilitation, etc. There are many specialties for the different parts of the body, including speech therapy and linguistics. So, the study of medicine is focused on the human body.

再來「倫理學」就是「因明」。

Nest is the study of logic.

「因明」就是要「如何來論這個道理」。道理的一切都是要有起因，你若沒有起因，是要如何開始論起呢？世間的這個因明，不僅只是在倫理學，我們平時在說話也是一樣，就像：「你在說什麼？因為…」或是：「你怎麼這麼說，因為…」等等，都是都有一個起因。問「你怎麼會這麼做」，就是在問這個「因」。

This is the understanding of principles. All things have an originating cause. Without a cause, how can we talk about how things arise? Logic not only applies to our reasoning, but also to our speech. When we are speaking, we always have a reason. "Why do say that?" "It's because." There is always a reason why something is done.

但是，我們因為什麼而做呢？我們應該要真的很明智，我們要把握時間做對的事情，這就是「因明」。

However, we should be very clear about the causes of why we do something. Then we will seize the time to do what is proper. This is the study of logic.

不只是倫理學而已，其實在我們的日常生活中，「你為什麼做這個動作？你為什麼說這種話？你為什麼…」等等。我們應該「因為什麼」，為什麼的前面就是「因」。

Logic is not only be used in reasoning. In our daily living, we have to consider why someone did something, or why someone said something. Why? There is always a reason.

所以我們為什麼來修行？因為要脫離了那個煩惱的纏垢，要能夠清淨我們的心，或者是脫離凡夫，要來接近佛、聖人的境界。也都是「因為…所以這樣…」來修行。

So, why do we practice spiritually? To be free from the bonds of afflictions, to purify our minds, to transcend the ordinary, and to approach the state of the Buddha and sages. There is a reason why we practice.

所以說起來，在我們日常生活中，都不離開因明。我們要很清楚，很明朗，不要受到那個利益誘引了我們，做出一些不道德的事情。所以我們做什麼樣的事情，一定要很明朗，該做的去做，不該做的不要做。

To summarize, our daily living is inseparable from logic. We should be clear-minded and not be lured by temptations or give rise to evil thoughts and actions. In everything we do, we must be very clear. We should do what is proper, and not do what is improper.

再來就是「內明」，那就是「宗教學」。

Next is Inner Studies. That refers to religion.

「不知己，焉知人？」我們自己若不是自己去了解，如何能夠了解別人？

We cannot know others without knowing ourselves. We must first come to understand ourselves.

所以有一句話這麼說：「內外明澈無瑕穢。」我們自己的內心要真的很明澈，我們既然進入宗教的門內來，我們一定要清淨我們的心；所以心若不明朗，是要如何能夠面對外界呢？內心不自清淨，如何能夠去清淨他人？自身不能度，如何度他人？

There is a phrase, one is clear and pure inside and out. Our minds should be very clear. Since we have begun our religious practice, we must keep our thoughts pure. If our minds are not clear, how can we interact with the external world? If the mind is impure, how can we help others be pure?

所以我們一定要「內外明澈無瑕垢」，這就是我們要研究宗教；宗教就是要讓我們，回歸我們的本性。所以每一個宗教，應該它都有那一分「如何能夠利益他人的博愛、大愛的教義」。當然要先有「自愛」，能夠先「自愛」－－「愛好我們的心」，不要讓我們的心亂掉了，不要讓我們的行為錯誤，這才是真正學佛宗教的目的。

We cannot guide others without transforming ourselves first. So, we must achieve clarity inside and out. This is why we study religion. Religion allows us to return to our intrinsic nature. Every religion teaches us how to benefit others with unconditional Great Love. We must first love ourselves, and take care of our own minds. Do not allow your mind to be confused or allow your actions to err. That is the true purpose of studying religion.

所以這個「十力、五明」，就是我們要很透澈了解，所以請大家要時時多用心。

Therefore, we must completely understand the Ten Powers and the Five Studies. So everyone, please always be mindful