微生物學之父巴斯德信基督教?

基督教徒經常造一些科學名人的假見証如微生物學之父巴斯德信基督教
 『馳名世界的細菌學創始人，法國生物學家巴斯德說：「承認上帝的存在，這是信心......如果我們有了這種信心,就不能不對上帝跪下敬拜」（來源：天路客棧）』

http://goo.gl/d82cpv

許多教會人士曾譴責路易·巴斯德否認基督教神的存在，而天主教則硬認他終生是虔誠天主教徒

但在維基百科:

巴斯德的外孫路易斯·巴斯德·瓦萊里-拉多(Maurice Vallery-Radot)。就曾說過，巴斯德僅僅保守從天主教背景中來的唯靈論(按即基督教的招魂術，現代五旬節教派也是其中一種)，但從未參加過日常的宗教活動
"His grandson, Louis Pasteur Vallery-Radot, wrote that Pasteur had only kept from his Catholic background a spiritualism without religious practice(...)"

按唯靈論者（Spiritualism）有時被作為理想主義的同義詞所使用.然而我們可以推測出,唯靈論更加常見的一種解釋是在宗教或神學範疇中通過精神與死者靈魂交流(通靈、或魂)，巴斯德當代已有一著名組織叫世界通靈協會，著名的愛迪生也是其中會員之一。
(source: Pasteur Vallery-Radot, Letter to Paul Dupuy, 1939, quoted by Hilaire Cuny, Pasteur et le mystere de la vie, Paris, Seghers, 1963, p. 53–54. Patrice Pinet, Pasteur et la philosophie, Paris, 2005, p. 134–135, quotes analogous assertions of Pasteur Vallery-Radot, with references to Pasteur Vallery-Radot, Pasteur inconnu, p. 232, and Andre George, Pasteur, Paris, 1958, p. 187. According to Maurice Vallery-Radot (Pasteur, 1994, p. 378), the false quotation appeared for the first time in the Semaine religieuse .... du diocese de Versailles, October 6, 1895, p. 153, shortly after the death of Pasteur. as quoted in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Paste... )


巴斯德的女婿弟弟的兒子Maurice Vallery-Radot
，是天主教徒，堅持巴斯德信仰天主教，甚至還曾特意造謠說過以下的話:

"The more I know, the more nearly is my faith that of the Breton peasant. Could I but know all I would have the faith of a Breton peasant's wife".; 但根據巴斯德的外孫莫里斯·瓦萊里-拉多說法，這錯誤的傳言早在巴斯德生前時就出現過。^ In Pasteur's Semaine religieuse .... du diocese de Versailles, October 6, 1895, p. 153.

巴斯德談到了他對基督教宇宙形成說法的懷疑與他心中神的定義

『有關神的概念只是「無限」這觀念的形式之一，這類「無限」的奧秘被加重在人類的思潮上，教堂建造用來敬拜「無限」，不管這神是被叫做梵天、阿拉、耶和華或耶穌，在舖好的寺廟道路上，將看見人類正在對那無限的觀念，跪拜、臥伏、被廢止。

在這些至高無上的時刻，有一些在我們的靈魂深處的事，它告訴我們
這個世界可能僅僅只是逐漸通過物質的力量，依照機械平衡現象的持續，採取行動帶出宇宙要素混亂而形成。

可見巴斯的口心中所謂的神僅是「無限」的代換詞。

實驗科學：巴斯德的宗教

巴斯德比什麼人都相信實驗科學, 如同他講過:實驗科學在意義上是基本的實證主義者，在這個意義上實驗科學與事物的本質無涉世界的起源或它最終命運。

巴斯德是19世紀歐洲的產物，明顯的被啟蒙運動的信念影響，然而他不像其他許多人，巴斯德經常視基督宗教是阻礙科學進展的東西，在1874年主持Arbois大學頒獎儀式上，他曾清礎的表明。

巴斯德對未知和無限有崇高的敬意，但並沒有讓自己成為迷信和宗教狂熱護教者的受害人。

巴斯德是講求靈性的人，並承認宗教的需要性，他多次依靠著自已信念單獨推動工作進行，他相信宇宙是有秩序和有效的組合，並盡心盡力在工作上表現，他的努力不曾讓他受挫，因為這樣，他不須依靠宗教及宗教教條來指導他的信念。

在接近生命結束前，73歲的巴斯德談到他旅程的結束，以及它如何接近他:「全心信仰神與永恆」(按:即信仰無限奧秘;見上)及堅信好心在這世界將永續。

自然發生說：生命的起源

『很多關於生命的起源說法，我不敢進入討論』。巴斯德究竟很少談宗教，他傾向於歸納主題，但隨著各地自然發生論的辯論，巴斯德被迫表明立場，巴斯德無法否認他不明白生命的起源，但堅持認為生命來自生命，不是從非生命或簡單的化學反應來的，因此，巴斯德從未否定生命從神的創造開始的可能性
，只是眼前的討論和發現都是依手上現有的科學資訊去發言(按:他曾說，類推不能當証據Analogy cannot serve as proof，也即一分証據說一分話)，Debre描述巴斯德說，他的態度是一個信徒，而不是一個宗教教派，他立論是站在生物學家比站在化學家立場來的多，他是一位講唯靈論的人而不是宗教徒。

這方面由於缺乏更多有用的技術方法，因此他不得不自已抑制言論，因此他必須限制他的觀念在鑑明細菌上，及表達它們的繁殖，以這專業觀點上表達
他在化學和微生物學工作所得到證據，人類可藉由運用科學在工業和商業過程的原則，能夠超越疾病和貧困。
這理念在許多方面與天主教相反，同時也在教訓那些認為「貧窮和苦難是真正基督徒教的標記」的新大陸殖民地的當地人民

路易·巴斯德不否認宗教，但他也不得不說出， 「宗教在科學裏較科學在宗教內更沒地位」

宗教在他心中的作用是明確的：「在我們中有二類人，科學家與有信仰或懷疑者，科學與宗教兩領域是分開的，在現有的知識狀況，那些彼此想侵佔二領域的人，真是可悲。」
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Pasteur also spoke of his doubts regarding the creation of the universe:

    The idea of God is a form of the idea of the Infinite. As long as the mystery of the Infinite weighs on human thought,
temples will be erected for the worship of the Infinite, whether God be called 'Brahma,' 'Allah,' 'Jehovah,' or 'Jesus'; and on the pavement of those temples men will be seen kneeling, prostrate, annihilated, in the thought of the Infinite.
At these supreme moments there is something in the depths of our souls which tells us that the world may be more than a mere continuation of phenomena proper to a mechanical equilibrium brought out of the chaos of the elements through the gradual action of the forces of matter.

Experimental Science: Pasteur's Religion
More than anything Pasteur believed in experimental science. As he said himself, "Experimental science is essentially positivist in the sense that in its conceptions it never concerns itself with the essence of things,

 Pasteur often saw religion as a hinderance to scientific progress. In 1874, presiding over the award ceremony at the College of Arbois, he clearly stated his position:
Pasteur had great respect for the unknown and the infinite, but did not allow himself to become a victim of superstition and fanatical religious explanations.
As his work displays, Pasteur believed that the human mind was capable of making discoveries and clearly identifying causes, even of the unseen or "invisible" world.
And near the end of his life, in his seventy-third year Pasteur spoke of the end of his journey and how it came to him "in an absolute faith in God and Eternity," and with a conviction that the good given us in this world will be continued here-after.
Spontaneous Generation: The Origin of Life



Much has been said regarding the origin of life and I dare not enter into that discussion. Pasteur rarely, if at all, spoke of religion explicitly. He tended to generalize the subject, but with the debate around the theory of spontaneous generation, Pasteur was forced to address it. Pasteur could not deny that he didn't understand the origin of life, but only insisted that life comes from life, not from non-life or simple chemical reactions, as spontaneous generation would suggest. So, Pasteur never negated the possibility of life beginning from divine creation, only that the discussion and discoveries at hand were a matter of science. Debre describes Pasteur by saying that, "his attitude was that of a believer, not of a sectarian," and that Pasteur was, "A biologist more than a chemist, a spiritual more than a religious man, Pasteur was held back only by the lack of more powerful technical means and therefore had to limit himself to identifying germs and explaining their generation


His work in chemistry and microbiology proved that, through applying scientific principles to industry and commercial processes, mankind could rise above disease and poverty.

This ideology in many ways contradicted the Catholic Church, which, meanwhile was teaching the indigenous peoples of the new American colonies that "poverty and suffering are signs of true Christians."



Louis Pasteur did not deny religion, but was compelled to say that, "religion has no more place in science than science has in religion." The role of religion in his mind was clear:

    In each one of us there are two men, the scientist and the man of faith or of doubt. These two spheres are separate, and woe to those who want to make them encroach upon one another in the present state of our knowledge!