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| 2010/11/21 15:00:45瀏覽4314｜回應2｜推薦1 | |
A981上- 為何要移民美國 - 美國的社會福利制度Social Security JCW 2010/11/15. NoDerives (ND) Creative commons Copyright. ▽ External Link ▽ (1). My forum: https://city.udn.com/61613/forum (3). ISBN: https://city.udn.com/65088/forum (2). My blog: http://blog.udn.com/jcwang00/article (4). It’s fun: http://blog.udn.com/jctheoldman/article (5). Windows Live > Office ---------------------------Translate多語言翻譯器 ---------------------- 落後國家的人民多熱衷於到美國去。 落後國家的人民到美國去的目的有兩種：一種是要去進大學念書取得學位以利就業，一種是要去賺幣值比國幣高很多的美金、帶回母國以改善生活。 落後國家的人民他們到美國去打工賺美金、入學取學位，賺夠了錢、拿到了學位，回國也就罷了，為什麼他們都想要一張綠卡(Green Card)呢，為什麼都想拿了綠卡在美國長期居留、合法工作，進而取得美國國藉，做美國人呢？ 住在美國、做美國公民究竟有什麼好呢？ 反之，住在美國、做美國公民究竟有什麼壞處呢？ 王老頭我要告訴大家我的經騐談 ----- 不是我作為當事人的經騐談，而是我作為當事人的家長的經騐談；老爸和老媽看兒子媳婦及行將成年的孫輩到美國去的利弊得失。 這不是三言兩語能說完的；我會漸漸分次道來。 我會漸漸分次道來，而且我不會說我並不完全瞭解的事。 然則，請瞭解：我說的必然是我主觀的看法；我主觀的看法而已。 *** *** *** *** 這次先來瞭解美國的社會安全(公民福利)制度。 我們不需要去先去研究美國的社會安全(公民福利)制度是不是夠好；我們首先要暸解的是 究竟有多少居留在美國的人真正受惠於這個社會安全制度；我們須知道持有綠卡是不是就算美國人(公民)……… ★(1). Social Security (United States) – Wikipedia：In the United States, Social Security refers to the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. The original Social Security Act (1935) and the current version of the Act, as amended encompass several social welfare and social insurance programs. The larger and better known programs are: * Federal Old-Age (Retirement), Survivors, and Disability Insurance * Temporary Assistance for Needy Families * Health Insurance for Aged and Disabled (Medicare) * Grants to States for Medical Assistance Programs (Medicaid) * State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) *Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Social Security is a social insurance program that is funded through dedicated payroll taxes called Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA). Tax deposits are formally entrusted to the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund, the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund, or the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund. The main part of the program is sometimes abbreviated OASDI (Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance) or RSDI (Retirement, Survivors, and Disability Insurance). When initially signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935 as part of his New Deal, the term Social Security covered unemployment insurance as well. The term, in everyday speech, is used to refer only to the benefits for retirement, disability, survivorship, and death, which are the four main benefits provided by traditional private-sector pension plans. In 2004 the U.S. Social Security system paid out almost $500 billion in benefits. By dollars paid, the U.S. Social Security program is the largest government program in the world and the single greatest expenditure in the federal budget, with 20.8% for social security, compared to 20.5% for discretionary defense and 20.1% for Medicare/Medicaid. Social Security is currently the largest social insurance program in the U.S., constituting 37% of government expenditure and 7% of the gross domestic product and is currently estimated to keep roughly 40% of all Americans age 65 or older out of poverty. The Social Security Administration is headquartered in Woodlawn, Maryland, just to the west of Baltimore. Proposals to privatize Social Security recently became part of the Social Security debate during the Bill Clinton and George W. Bush presidencies. [ Contents ]： 1.1 Creation: The Social Security Act 1.4 Debates on the constitutionality of the Act 1.6.1.2 Creation of the Social Security Trust Fund 1.6.1.3 The move toward family protection 1.6.4.2 The negative financial outlook 1.6.5.2 The 1983 Amendments and the Social Security Trust Fund 1.6.6 The Supreme Court and the evolution of Social Security 1.6.7 Dates of coverage for various workers 2 Retirement, auxiliary, survivors, and disability benefits 4.3 Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR) 4.4 Benefit payout comparisons 4.7 Demographic and revenue projections 5.1 Tax on wages and self-employment income 5.1.1 Wages not subject to tax 5.2 Federal income taxation of benefits 6.1 Claim that it discriminates against the poor and middle-class 6.2 Claim that politicians exempted themselves from the tax 6.3 Claim that the government lied about the maximum tax 6.4 Claim that it gives a low rate of return 6.5 Claim that it is a pyramid or Ponzi scheme 6.6 Estimated net Social Security benefits under differing circumstances 7.1 Contrast with private pensions 7.2 Court interpretation of the Act to provide benefits 8.1 Social security number theft 8.2 Fraud in the acquisition and use of benefits 8.3 Restrictions on potentially deceptive communications 12-1. *Social Security Administration *Social Security Internet Myths *Social Security Internet Myths part 2 *Social Security Online - Trust Fund Data - Investment data form - Investment Holdings *Social Security benefit calculators *Social Security Advisory Board *Social Security Retirement Questions FAQ *Social Security Administration Office of Disability Adjudication and Review *Congressional Budget Office: Social Security Primer *US Government Accountability Office, Social Security Reform: Answers to Key Questions 12-2. *Urban Institute's USA TODAY Lifetime Social Security and Medicare *Benefits Calculator *Alternative benefit calculator - from Senator Charles Schumer *CBPP: Rate of Return (June 2005) *Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Social Security *Social Security Death Index Information 12-3. *AARP - American Association of Retired People *TimeLines of US SSI Numbers (Years Numbers States) *Social Security Disability Advocacy, Debate, and Professional News *Health Hippo: Evaluations of Social Security Disability *Social Security Information Project *Global Action on Aging Warning about the perils of stock-exchange "funded" pension systems *Commission to Strengthen Social Security *Social Security Disability in North Carolina 12-4. *Social Security Benefits Vary by Age Taken *NBER paper, Internal Rate of Return coauthored by Olivia Mitchell, member of President's Commission *Economic Policy Institute: Role of Social Security *Social Security Q & A by economist Doug Orr from Dollars & Sense magazine *Social Security at Wikia *Time Archives A Collection regarding Social Security's progression and perception over time *Article on impact of raising Social Security tax cap from Dollars & Sense magazine, March/April 2008 *The Social Security Administration's Cracked Crystal Ball from Dollars & Sense magazine, November/December 2004 *Social Security, article in Encarta Encyclopedia *Arno Tausch (2005)‚ World Bank Pension reforms and development patterns in the world system and in the “Wider Europe”. A 109 country investigation based on 33 indicators of economic growth, and human, social and ecological well-being, and a European regional case study’. A slightly re-worked version of a paper, originally presented to the Conference on “Reforming European pension systems. In memory of Professor Franco Modigliani. 24 and 25 September 2004”, Castle of Schengen, Luxembourg Institute for European and International Studies *** *** *** *** ★(2). <Social Security - The Official Website of the U.S. Social Security Administration Home> - Retirement - Disability - Survivors - SSI - Medicare - Business Services ↓ ↓ === 待續 ===
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