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2018/05/04 21:21:30瀏覽368|回應0|推薦3

這網上人才濟濟,近日發現游元弘的部落格令我驚喜

現轉載於此,請網友共賞

 

英國詩人濟慈(John Keats,1795-1821)的詩

《夜鶯頌》 (Ode to a Nightingale)

Ode to a Nightingale

     I

My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains     

  My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,   

Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains     

  One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk:   

'Tis not through envy of thy happy lot,         

  But being too happy in thine happiness,──    

    That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees,  

          In some melodious plot      

  Of beechen green, and shadows numberless,    

    Singest of summer in full-throated ease.     

   

      II

O, for a draught of vintage that hath been       

  Cool'd a long age in the deep-delved earth,      

Tasting of Flora and the country green, 

  Dance, and Provencal song, and sunburnt mirth   

  O for a beaker full of the warm South,        

  Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene,  

    With beaded bubbles winking at the brim,    

          And purple-stained mouth;

  That I might drink, and leave the world unseen,       

    And with thee fade away into the forest dim:     

 

      III

Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forget     

  What thou among the leaves hast never known,       

The weariness, the fever, and the fret    

  Here, where men sit and hear each other groan;

Where palsy shakes a few, sad, last gray hairs,       

  Where youth grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies;

    Where but to think is to be full of sorrow     

          And leaden-eyed despairs,

  Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes,   

    Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow.         

 

 

      IV

Away away for I will fly to thee,

  Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards,  

But on the viewless wings of Poesy,     

  Though the dull brain perplexes and retards:     

Already with thee tender is the night,        

  And haply the Queen-Moon is on her throne,   

    Cluster'd around by all her starry Fays; 

          But here there is no light,   

  Save what from heaven is with the breezes blown

    Through verdurous glooms and winding mossy ways.  

 

      V

I cannot see what flowers are at my feet,      

  Nor what soft incense hangs upon the boughs, 

But, in embalmed darkness, guess each sweet      

  Wherewith the seasonable month endows 

The grass, the thicket, and the fruit-tree wild;           

  White hawthorn, and the pastoral eglantine;     

    Fast fading violets cover'd up in leaves;

And mid-May's eldest child, 

  The coming musk-rose, full of dewy wine,       

    The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves.    

   

      VI

Darkling I listen; and, for many a time  

  I have been half in love with easeful Death,     

Call'd him soft names in many a mused rhyme,    

  To take into the air my quiet breath;  

Now more than ever seems it rich to die,        

  To cease upon the midnight with no pain, 

    While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroad

          In such an ecstasy  

  Still wouldst thou sing, and I have ears in vain── 

    To thy high requiem become a sod.      

 

      VII

Thou wast not born for death, immortal Bird

  No hungry generations tread thee down;  

The voice I hear this passing night was heard

 In ancient days by emperor and clown:       

Perhaps the self-same song that found a path 

  Through the sad heart of Ruth, when, sick for home,      

    She stood in tears amid the alien corn;  

          The same that oft-times hath     

  Charm'd magic casements, opening on the foam       

    Of perilous seas, in faery lands forlorn.     

 

      VIII

Forlorn the very word is like a bell   

  To toll me back from thee to my sole self      

Adieu the fancy cannot cheat so well       

  As she is fam'd to do, deceiving elf. 

Adieu adieu thy plaintive anthem fades        

  Past the near meadows, over the still stream,    

    Up the hill-side; and now 'tis buried deep     

          In the next valley-glades:   

  Was it a vision, or a waking dream

    Fled is that music:──Do I wake or sleep

                     -John Keats  (1795-1821)

夜鶯頌

      I

我心痛,催人入眠旳麻痺折磨

我的感官,彷彿飲下了毒芹,

也像些無味的鴉片傾注管脈,

頃刻間,直向忘川下沉:

心痛,並非妒嫉你的歡樂,       

而是太沉緬於你的欣喜,──

你呵!林中的仙靈薄翅飄然,

隱匿在妙韻輕歌的

山毛櫸綠叢濃蔭密佈之地,

開放喉嚨,暢懷地高歌夏天。   

 

      II

哦,願啜一口葡萄佳釀!

那已深深冷藏地底多年,

嘗到的滋味浮現花神、綠鄉、

舞蹈、普魯旺斯之歌、炙熱笑顏!

哦願喝下滿杯南方的暖晴,       

盡是道地令人酡顏的靈液,

一顆顆氣泡嗶剝閃爍滿盈,

將嘴唇染著成酒紅;

願能一飲就悄然離開世界,

隨你消退,沒入幽暗的林中:   

 

      III

遠遠地消退、隱沒、徹底忘掉

你在林間渾然不知的種種,

困頓疲憊、熱病和焦躁

此處,人們枯坐且哀嘆聲聲;

癱瘓者稀疏暗淡的灰髮抖晃,   

蒼白少年,形銷骨立而夭折;

思及至此,內心就滿生傷悲

和眼重如鉛的絕望,

佳人無法久保秀目的光澤,

新生的愛過了明日也憔悴。       

 

      IV

去吧!去吧!我將要飛向你,

不用豹拉載酒神的座車,

而是乘著詩無形的羽翼,

雖受這鈍腦阻擾而耽擱:

你我已同在!輕柔的晚上,       

也許月亮皇后高位於寶座,

群星般的仙靈將她團團簇擁;

但該處沒有亮光,

除天光微露,隨著晚風輕拂

掠過黯綠和曲彎的苔徑。   

 

      V

我看不見哪些繁花在腳旁,

也不知何種柔香懸於枝上,

在飄香的黑暗中,只能猜想

這合宜的季節將種種芬芳

賦予草地、灌木叢、野果樹;   

白山楂和田園的薔薇;

茂葉覆掩著旋謝的紫羅蘭;

 五月中旬的熟物,

露酒沾滿將開的麝香玫瑰,

飛蟲嚶嗡縈繞夏日的傍晚。       

 

      VI

黑暗中我傾聽;而有多次

幾乎獻愛給舒逸的死神,

用冥想的詩句,輕喚他的名字,

帶走我平靜的呼息,昇入空垠;

此刻溘然而逝,該是何等富麗,       

值此午夜生命無痛楚地絕盡,

而你正流瀉歌聲,外放心靈

以這般的狂喜!

你仍將唱,而我無法聽聞──

你高遠的輓歌,歌適於草坪。   

 

      VII

永生的鳥,你不為死亡而誕生!

饑荒的年代無力將你踩踐;

匆匆今夜我聽見的歌聲

 古代的帝王村夫也曾聽見:

或許這全然相同的歌尋徑   

唱抵路得思鄉悲切的心房,

讓她哭立於異鄉的麥田中;

這歌也曾不時誘動       

魔幻的窗扉開啟,朝向沫浪

險惡的大海,在如夢之地,孤伶。           

 

      VIII

孤伶!正是這語詞似一聲鐘

將我從你歌裏喚回自己!

別了!「幻想」這欺哄人的精靈,

聞名的善騙者,無法再施技。

別了!別了!你悽惻的歌遠離,       

穿過近處草坪,越過溪流平靜,

爬上小山坡,如今深深葬歸

下一片山谷空地:

這是幻影,或是醒覺的夢境?

樂音已飛逝:──我是醒?還是睡?       

                   

            --濟慈  (1795-1821)

            --游元弘譯

 

〈賞析〉

濟慈去世後卅七年(1848年),第一本濟慈的傳記出版,濟慈的好友布朗(Charles Armitage Brown , 17871842 ,對這首夜鶯頌的產生曾有下列回憶的記載:「1819春天,有隻夜鶯在我住處附近築了巢,在夜鶯的歌聲裏,濟慈感到一種安寧而持續的喜悅;有天早晨,他從餐桌旁拿張椅子,在李樹下的草地坐了二、三小時。他回住處時,我感知他手中有一些紙片,他靜靜地將紙片夾在書後。詢問之下,我發現紙片有四、五張,其中有聽夜鶯歌聲的抒情詩句;字跡療草難辨,紙片多而難編整成詩章。在他的協助下,我終得騰寫完成,這就是受人喜愛的夜鶯頌。」

 

由此可見,這首詩可說是濟慈一氣呵成之作,即興的冥想曲,深具臨場感。讀這首詩,我們仿如回到二百年前的現場,與濟慈一起去聽,一起去體驗感受想像夜鶯的歌聲,同喜同悲。

整首詩的寫法,較少直接描繪夜鶯,而是多半著墨於聽到夜鶯歌聲主觀的感受與想像。

 

全詩共八節,每節十行,計八十行。

 

一般頌詩的起頭,多半直接對歌頌的對象說話(例如雪萊的西風頌一開始就是O Wild West Wind)。濟慈這首夜鶯頌則未如此,而以自身的感受開始,並貫穿整首詩。

 

詩的第一節,以塵世中驟然強烈的感覺「我心痛(My heart aches)」開始,原以為是喝了毒汁(hemlock)或被注射了毒品(opiate),頻臨感官麻木死亡,其實是因為聽到夜鶯(隱身林間)的歌聲,一種狂喜而心痛的感受,悲喜互滲,進入一連串的想像。

 

詩的第二~七節,濟慈受夜鶯的歌聲引動,任想像奔馳,遁入想像的世界。彷彿走入神秘森林深處,愈來愈深入,遠離現實的憂苦空間,融入理想之無限境域,終至忘我消融。詩六九~七十行的想像

「魔幻的窗扉開啟,朝向沫浪/險惡的大海,在如夢之地,孤伶」(Charm'd magic casements, opening on the foamOf perilous seas, in faery lands forlorn),這二行仿如一幅超現實的畫,引人遙想,尤受詩評家交譽。

 

詩的第八節,最終一陣孤寒,仍回到有限的塵世作結,「我是醒,還是睡?」。

這首詩如真似幻,半醒半睡,充滿不確定的探問氛圍。此與晚一個月寫成的「希臘古甕頌」,最後以完全的肯定口吻,近乎不容置疑的金句「美即是真,真即是美」作結大不相同。

 

在這首詩裏,我們感受到濟慈熱切渴望與美(夜鶯的歌聲)合一,想逸離現實生活的苦惱煩憂。詩人體驗到逸離現實的方式,詩的想像力比酒或鴉片更好。藉詩的想像力逸離現實固然美好,卻仍是短暫的,終須回到現實。濟慈甚至在詩中渴望舒逸的死亡(easeful death),似可徹底逸離現實,但死亡讓人永遠無知覺,反而無法再感受到夜鶯美好的歌聲(無法與美合一),這真是人生的難題與矛盾啊。

這首詩也映現出人生的內蘊:喜悅與悲傷共生,現實的重擔與理想的美好並存,剎那與永恆同在,主觀體與客觀體的交融,人在剎那塵世中有諸多煩憂苦難,但在文學藝術中也不時閃現剎那的永恆,如此交織成半夢半醒,似真似幻的人生景像。

 

這首詩的音樂性自然而豐富多姿,除了行末押韻外,各行內穿叉交織著頭韻(例如第二節第五行「beaded bubble...brim」,第三節第一行「fade,far....frget」又第七節末行末字「forlorn」就是第八節的開頭,形成連綿效果等不勝枚舉」)

這首詩每節十行,基本韻式均為ababcdecde。前四行的韻式是源於莎士比亞體的十四行詩,後六行的韻式是源於義大利體十四行詩,濟慈融合了兩者的韻式。另外濟慈將十四行詩體,減少一個四行體成為每節十行。至於節奏的安排,除了每節的第八行較短(抑揚格三音步)外,其餘均是抑揚格五音步為主。

 

這首詩整體的形式及韻律,可說是濟慈參酌傳統十四行詩體,加以調和,更鬆緊適中,富於彈性,以符合自己需要的獨創詩體,後世特稱為濟慈謳頌體(Keatsian ode)。

                                                                                                          --游元弘撰寫

 

轉載網址:http://blog.udn.com/wallace1960/94456577

 

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