網路城邦
上一篇 回創作列表 下一篇   字體:
“最早的浙江人”,醉卧桥头8000年-桥头遗址各种完整陶器 太阳纹彩陶 酒器 卦象像坤六断卦 1米73
2019/09/08 02:38:22瀏覽122|回應1|推薦0
“最早的浙江人”,醉卧桥头8000年   2019年08月12日  来源:钱江晚报 马黎  【编辑:谷梦溪】
  台风都挡不住全国近50位文博考古专家赶来义乌,只为看看他——  “最早的浙江人”,醉卧桥头8000年
完整的人骨墓葬。 
考古发现的彩陶。
  8月10日,“利奇马”直击浙江,但全国各地近50位考古学家、文博系统的专家学者,在大风大雨天赶到了浙江义乌,只为亲眼看看八九千年前,义乌人的一个大型聚落——位于义乌桥头村里的“桥头遗址”。
  遗址中最引人关注的,是一具完整的男人骨架:1米73,侧身屈肢,怀里“抱”着一只红衣彩陶。
  这个男人在义乌桥头村沉睡了8000多年,今年,他终于被考古学家完整发现了。
  如果要给自己贴个标签,他蛮自豪:可以先叫我“最早的浙江人”。
  9000年前的村落
  已经有了仪式性活动区?
  桥头遗址是迄今所知东亚大陆最早最完整的环壕聚落。
  那什么是“环壕”?通俗说,它就是当时流行的一种生活状态,为防止野兽,防止外部氏族争斗,先民建一个村子抱团取暖。桥头遗址第一次把环壕作为完整的遗址单元来发掘。
  2018年,钱报记者第一次去桥头遗址采访时,环壕的发掘基本结束,开始转移到最关键的中心台地发掘——9000年前,人们究竟拿它来干什么?
  当时,发掘领队、浙江省文物考古研究所研究员蒋乐平有两种推测:一是也许中心居住区就在这个地方。但是,他更倾向第二种,“这个地方会不会是早期的村落中心,可以进行公共活动的地方?”
  考古人的预感,往往非常准确。中心土台发掘了一年,各种突破性的发现,都在接连印证蒋乐平的想法,这个聚落,绝对不简单。
  遗址上的柱洞,可以判断房子的样子。根据发现的大量柱洞,南京博物院考古研究所所长林留根说。“房子的结构,还是很考究的,而且不止一座房子,有好多座房子,在当时有一定的规模。就像蒋乐平说的,这个台子有某种特殊功能。”
  发掘现场,一窝又一窝的器物坑也激起了专家们的兴趣,各自开了一下脑洞:“器物怎么会这样放在一起?”“集中填埋垃圾?”“会不会是做陶器的工厂?”
  坑里布满了大量彩陶,分乳白彩和红彩两种。显然,它不是堆生活垃圾的——到目前为止,环壕里没有发现一根动物骨头,几乎没有任何生活垃圾,动植物遗迹也没有。
  有一些坑里的陶器,非常碎,还有一些坑的器物,是完整堆积的。这就很奇怪了,人是有意识打碎器物的,而且就在这里原地打破,“不像被遗弃被抛弃的。”林留根也非常好奇。
  而这样的器物坑,在不大的中心土台里,发现了十多个。大部分专家认为,这么集中的器物坑的出现,具有祭祀,或是其他仪式性的宗教内涵、信仰表达在里面。
  目前看来,这个中心土台确实不太像人居住过小日子的地方。
  迄今为止发现的
  浙江境内最早最完整的人骨架
  持续发掘了5年多,桥头遗址今年有了重大考古突破——发现了迄今为止浙江最早的墓葬、一具保存完整的人骨架。
  来遗址前,浙江省文物考古研究所研究员王明达激动地跟我说:“桥头不得了,浙江第一墓葬,此墩就是为了信仰而建!”
  这一具完整的人骨,就在器物坑旁边。目前桥头遗址一共发现了两具人骨,还有一具埋藏浅,有所破坏。
  1974年,在建德发现一枚人牙化石,距今5万年,被中国科学院正式命名为“建德人”。“建德人”是在浙江省境内首次发现的“新人阶段”的古人类化石,从此浙江的历史一下子往前推进了4万多年。
  而目前,河姆渡文化发现的墓葬很少,跨湖桥文化还没有发现墓葬。而这次在上山遗址,第一次发现了保存完整的墓葬、一具完整的人骨,让专家们都很兴奋,称呼它“浙江第一人”“浙江第一墓葬”。
  这具人骨目前的测年结果是距今8000多年。一米七三,壮年,也就是大约三四十岁,侧身屈肢埋葬。
  蒋乐平说,专家马上会进行一些DNA提取,将会得到更多信息,也会做3D精度扫描,计划分体提取人骨。
  “要想办法好好提取出来,不能放在那儿,过两年要‘长霉了’。将来能不能挖出一片墓地来,这是未知数,但能帮我们解决很多问题,比如人种的问题。”北京大学考古与文博学院教授张弛说。
  陶壶底的秘密
  桥头人已经会酿酒了
  除了墓葬,引起专家们强烈感叹的,是9000年前浙江人的陶器。
  比如有一件陶器,造型完全可以和唐宋时期的瓷器媲美,口沿圆润、光滑。
  “我们没有想到陶器的技术这么高超。”北京大学文博考古学院教授、中国考古学会副理事长赵辉说。
  我们在桥头文化礼堂,看到了环壕内发现的各种完整陶器,比如盲耳壶、大口盆、平底盘、圈足盘等,陶衣鲜亮,以红衣为主,也有乳白衣,体现出陶器装饰的高超手艺,在已经发现的上山文化遗址中,无出其右。
  很多专家一眼就发现了陶器上的各种机关。
  “你看,有白彩,这只出现在耳朵部位,而且不是个例,在好多器物上重复出现。”郑州文物考古研究院院长顾万发一直在拍彩陶上的“白点点”,还有“白条纹”,这些奇怪的乳白色凸起,有些三个一组,有些六个一组,形状有三条杠,或者三个点,“这说明代表了某种含义,很有可能是个卦象,比如六个一组的,像坤卦里的‘坤六断’。”
  论证会上,蒋乐平说到桥头人的酒,也引起了大家的兴趣点。
  这也是最新发现。一只陶壶送到了斯坦福大学去做检测研究,专家在陶壶里的残余物中发现了一种加热产生的糊化淀粉,与“低温发酵的损伤特征相符”——9000年前,桥头人已经酿酒了,这只陶壶可能是中国最早的酒器。
  太阳纹彩陶也在桥头遗址出现了。
  跨湖桥文化彩陶分乳白色的厚彩和红色的薄彩两种。桥头遗址的彩陶的多样性虽不及跨湖桥文化,但已经具备了两种类型的彩陶特征,太阳纹图案也一脉相承,充分说明上山文化是跨湖桥文化的重要源头。
  这个中心土台究竟是干什么用的,专家们讨论了一下午,目前还无法得到结论,也并不急于得出结论。
  桥头遗址中心土台还将继续发掘,而接下来,考古遗址公园和遗址博物馆的建设,也已列入计划中。
( 知識學習科學百科 )
回應 推薦文章 列印 加入我的文摘
上一篇 回創作列表 下一篇

引用
引用網址:https://classic-blog.udn.com/article/trackback.jsp?uid=amtrak&aid=129220905

 回應文章

蝙蝠
等級:8
留言加入好友
2019/09/08 02:50

乾三连 坤六断 震仰盂 艮覆碗 离中虚 坎中满 兑上缺 巽下断 。

先天八卦(伏羲)

兑宫2  亁宫1  巽宫5
离宫3           坎宫6
震宫4  坤宫8  艮宫7

中天八卦

 3兑          4艮         5离 

2乾          5中         6坎

 1坤          8震         7巽

后天八卦

 4巽          9离         2坤
 3震          5中         7兑    
 8艮          1坎         6乾

蝙蝠(amtrak) 於 2019-09-19 23:54 回覆:
highly expect the young talent writers who knew 八卦 well to create good stories.our ancestors left so many priceless knowledges for us we should have more chance to create famous stories.
蝙蝠(amtrak) 於 2019-09-20 00:39 回覆:
寒门祸害 is quite good story however i have a question for the writer:you saw what HK bastards did today then would you cover for British, usa master, taiwan bastards who behind HK bastards?
the same thing in Ming dynasty did have some chinese pirates cooperated with japanbastards but never should cover for those japanbastards came to china lands to kill and rob chinese people.
same as you never should because taiwan bastards cooperate with janpanbastards and usa master to sell out our chinese sea lands then cover for japanbastards and usa master malicious crimes.
indeed i am busy reading many china novels but i am careful enough not because a good story then be brain-washed or lower down me as top class.
蝙蝠(amtrak) 於 2019-09-20 00:40 回覆:
i would say taiwan and HK young kids are easily brain-washed because their IQ not high then became bastards without knowing what they done. And that's why they deny themselves are chinese.
when i came to usa in 1997 and met the rotten dentists family from taiwan(not taiwanese-so-called), his father was taiwan officer in chicago as 武官. the wife 1st day told me that we were not chinese any more from her stink mouth.
indeed the rotten family squeezed out every patients from taiwan/china even the white who married chinese spouse like my spouse and another female) and sued them by usa ways.
蝙蝠(amtrak) 於 2019-09-20 00:50 回覆:

if you live in usa and heard those bastards from taiwan tried hard to convince "we were not chinese" then you should immediately cut off any relation or they squeeze your money out before you find out. 

i am very carefully type and always request receipts but the rotten wife told me their assistant was on vacation would mail later. in fact the white assistant sued the rotten boss who refused to pay her salary as the man had sex with her and fired by the wife.

i spent lot time to find the assistant's phone number but she told me can't come out to help us as she signed the agreement when she got the job. 

this is why usa many rotten businessmen can squeeze out their clients without be caught.

the way usa is. so learn a lesson from us as victims.

蝙蝠(amtrak) 於 2019-09-20 00:52 回覆:
HK people, schools and companies should keep n mind to kick off those HK bastards who deny they are chinese asap, don't be too late and deeply suffer like we taiwan people.
蝙蝠(amtrak) 於 2019-09-20 01:02 回覆:
寒门祸害 writer very likely is 3rd/4th generation, my parents suffered japanbastards invaded china a lot, we as 2nd generation won't forgive japanbastards a bit at all, but the 3rd/4th generation might be fooled very easily. quite earlier i did warn china better study taiwan very well because what happened in taiwan could happen in china(including HK). japanbastards and usa master have lots experiences to brain-washed taiwan bastards easily, they would do the same thing to mainland china.
蝙蝠(amtrak) 於 2019-09-20 13:43 回覆:

very sardonic when i tried to verify "徐海" found out all came from japanbastards as:

参考资料

  • 1.    须田牧子编.『「倭寇図卷」「抗倭図卷」をよむ』:勉诚出版,2016年
  • 2.    上田信.シナ海域蜃気楼王国の兴亡:讲谈社,2013年
  • 3.    东洋文库编.东アジア会社と海贼:勉诚出版,2015年
  • 4.    第4部:粉饰太平 第十四章 强敌  .第4部:粉饰太平 第十四章 强敌[引用日期2015-05-30]

--no wonder 寒门祸害 gave me the weird feeling that 俞大猷 fight against chinese pirates not japanbastads. no wonder it happened in taiwan that rotten mjd beieved voluntary chicks bbecause 资料 also from japanbastards provided which beautify what japanbastards done when invaded other countries. 

certainly did exist chinese pirates and chicks tried to survive during japan invaded but more were sex abused by japanbastards. 

no wonder usa made terrorists-so-called in middle eastern to cover for bloody wars because usa master learnt lots from japanbastards.

蝙蝠(amtrak) 於 2019-09-20 14:03 回覆:
our ancestors wouldn't call "few" chinese pirates as 倭寇 but "most" are japanbastards.
寒门祸害俞大猷倭寇胡宗宪正没得好结局 has nothing to do with 报应 about 徐海 王翠翘.
as for 康熙年间,有人据此铺写成一部长达二十四回的长篇通俗白话小说《金云翘传》,流传广泛。这个故事甚至流传到了日本和越南。越南有一部著名的古典长诗《金云翘传》就是讲述王翠翘的传奇故事,风靡一时。这部长诗对越南近代文学的发展产生了深远的影响。
--that's possible but keep in mind it is novel and writer can random say say just like 秦时明月, 寒门祸害.
蝙蝠(amtrak) 於 2019-09-20 14:11 回覆:
even 水浒传 was found out 历史上明朝永乐年间(公元1403年—公元1424年)的阳谷县县令武植,并不可能是洪武三年(公元1370年)就病死的施耐庵所写的武大郎的原型。
ps 武大郎本名武植,河北清河县武家那村人。武植虽出身贫寒,但聪颖过人,崇文尚武,中年即考中进士,出任山东阳谷县县令。潘金莲乃知州家的千金,住在清河县潘家庄(后改名黄金庄)。史载,武、潘二人和睦恩爱,育有四个孩子。
武植之墓,早已被人发掘,他身高七尺,经科学测验,身高起码在一米八以上,是一位读书人。考上进士,后当上县令。他在任期间兴利除弊,清正廉明
蝙蝠(amtrak) 於 2019-09-20 14:32 回覆:

haaa my sister family live in BC, Canada more than 20 years, nearby their house has taiwan bastards church and she has no place to make friends so join it. 5? years ago when she told me it were 外省人原罪 in taiwan that's how rotten mjd is today. i was very shocked when did my sister is barin-washed to believe the liars? and how many years in church succeeded brain-washed her?

i can tell you yes it did happen that old Chiang killed some taiwanese-so-called when he tried so hard to kill all communists in taiwan as he did in china before came to taiwan.

it is politic event not  外省人原罪. And don't forget most taiwanese-so-called living much better than japanbastards invaded because old chiang stole lots ran to taiwan. old chiang did wrong thing is not you taiwan bastards excuses  to cover for denying you are chinese, wipe off all chinese history and cultures. you taiwan bastrads did is because you know very well you for your filthy politic benefits willing to be 卖国贼, nothing else.

my sister is quite shrewd but can't sense every time she visits church been told "you are sinner" then she really believe  外省人原罪 liars.

蝙蝠(amtrak) 於 2019-09-20 14:39 回覆:

did rotten mjd done better jobs than old chiang in taiwan?

i met taiwanese-so-called 2018-2019 in taiwan (including the 3rd generation senior woman) they prefer one china for their kids future. .

蝙蝠(amtrak) 於 2019-09-20 14:51 回覆:

by the way usa master using "freedom, demacrtaic" to cover its endless bloody wars crimes and love/support those pity countries 卖国贼s very much so can be the unique usa empire forever.

this is usa master real face, the rotten 2 parties never did for americans but their filethy politic benefits. that's why usa indoors millions serious bugs never fix/improve. 

蝙蝠(amtrak) 於 2019-09-20 15:14 回覆:

施耐庵(约1296—约1370)

罗贯中(公元1385~1388年间) 主要作品 :

剧本:《宋太祖龙虎风云会》、《忠正孝子连环谏》、《三平章死哭蜚虎子》。
小说:《隋唐两朝志传》、《残唐五代史演义》、《三遂平妖传》、《粉妆楼》、施耐庵合著的《水浒全传》、《三国演义》 [3]  等 [3]  。

蝙蝠(amtrak) 於 2019-09-20 15:34 回覆:
correct:倭寇胡宗宪正没得好结局 has nothing to do with 报应 about 徐海 王翠翘.
--胡宗宪本来就是严党,即使他看到了结局,他也没有办法选择,因为从他开始走上仕途的时候,就被标上了严党的标签,因为他是严嵩最得意的学生这个事实无法改变。即使浙江改稻为桑的时候,胡宗宪把自己与严党撇得干干净净也没用,即使胡宗宪抗倭的军功赫赫也不能帮他。
胡宗宪,即使严党最后倒台的时候,没有牵涉到自己,但是自己却解甲归田。严嵩都倒台了,而胡宗宪也就不远了,嘉靖最后也说,很遗憾,因为胡宗宪是严党,现在想用也不能重用了。最后即使嘉靖爱才,不舍得杀他,谁能保证裕王能容得下他呢,或者徐阶,高拱,张居正这样的人,肯定觉得胡宗宪是严党遗留下来的一个巨大的威胁,所以最后胡宗宪冤死在大牢里了也是情理之中。