Table of Contents of The Aesthetics of Expressive Techniques in New Poetry
Chapter One: Methods of Expression in Poetry ………………………………… 1
Section 1: Imagery and the Adjustment of Expressive Methods ………………… 1
Section 2: Transformation of Imagery ……………………………………………… 7
Section 3: Principles for Arranging Chapters on Expressive Rhetorical Devices … 22
Chapter Two: Using One Thing to Compare Another: Metaphor ……………… 28
Section 1: Definition and Function of Metaphor …………………………………… 28
Section 2: The Expressive Structure of Metaphor ………………………………… 35
Section 3: Forms of Metaphorical Expression ……………………………………… 37
Chapter Three: Depiction of Imagery: Description (Mimesis) ………………… 66
Section 1: Definition and Function of Description ………………………………… 66
Section 2: Theoretical Foundations of Description ………………………………… 67
Section 3: The Expressive Structure of Description ……………………………… 70
Section 4: Forms of Descriptive Expression ………………………………………… 70
Chapter Four: Transformation of Narrative Persona: Personification/Analogy … 81
Section 1: Definition and Function of Analogy (Personification) ………………… 81
Section 2: The Expressive Structure of Analogy …………………………………… 84
Section 3: Forms of Analogical Expression ………………………………………… 86
Chapter Five: Conversion of Word Class: Conversion ………………………… 103
Section 1: Definition and Function of Conversion ………………………………… 103
Section 2: The Expressive Structure of Conversion ……………………………… 105
Section 3: Forms of Conversion ……………………………………………………… 107
Chapter Six: Transformation Between Temporal and Spatial Imagery: Presentation … 126
Section 1: Definition and Function of Presentation ……………………………… 126
Section 2: The Expressive Structure of Presentation …………………………… 128
Section 3: Forms of Presentation …………………………………………………… 130
Chapter Seven: Using One to Replace Another: Metonymy of Imagery ……… 148
Section 1: Definition and Function of Metonymy ………………………………… 148
Section 2: Theoretical Foundations of Metonymy ………………………………… 149
Section 3: The Expressive Structure of Metonymy ……………………………… 150
Section 4: Forms of Metonymic Expression ……………………………………… 151
Chapter Eight: Contradiction Between Words and Meaning: Irony ………… 162
Section 1: Definition and Function of Irony ……………………………………… 162
Section 2: The Expressive Structure of Irony …………………………………… 166
Section 3: Forms of Irony …………………………………………………………… 167
Chapter Nine: Contrast of Imagery (Part I): Contrast ………………………… 178
Section 1: Definition and Function of Contrast ………………………………… 178
Section 2: Theoretical Foundations of Contrast ………………………………… 183
Section 3: The Expressive Structure of Contrast ……………………………… 185
Section 4: Forms of Contrast ……………………………………………………… 187
Chapter Nine: Contrast of Imagery (Part II): Juxtaposition (Foil) …………… 201
Section 1: Definition and Function of Juxtaposition …………………………… 201
Section 2: Theoretical Foundations of Juxtaposition …………………………… 210
Section 3: The Expressive Structure of Juxtaposition ………………………… 212
Section 4: Forms of Juxtaposition ………………………………………………… 214
Chapter Ten: Dual Meaning in Imagery: Pun …………………………………… 220
Section 1: Definition and Function of Pun ………………………………………… 220
Section 2: Theoretical Foundations of Pun ………………………………………… 224
Section 3: The Expressive Structure of Pun ……………………………………… 226
Section 4: Forms of Pun ……………………………………………………………… 227
Chapter Eleven: Linking of Imagery: Continuity (Interconnection) ………… 241
Section 1: Definition and Function of Continuity ………………………………… 241
Section 2: The Expressive Structure of Continuity ……………………………… 243
Section 3: Forms of Continuity ……………………………………………………… 244
Section 4: The Difference Between Continuity and Synaesthesia ……………… 248
Chapter Twelve: Dislocation of Imagery: Feibai and Oxymoron …………… 251
Section 1: Definition and Function of Feibai ……………………………………… 251
Section 2: The Expressive Structure of Feibai …………………………………… 253
Section 3: Forms of Feibai …………………………………………………………… 253
Section 1: Definition and Function of Oxymoron ………………………………… 261
Section 2: The Expressive Structure of Oxymoron ……………………………… 263
Section 3: Forms of Oxymoron ……………………………………………………… 264
Chapter Thirteen: Interrogation in Imagery: Questions and Rhetorical Questions … 271
Section 1: Types of Interrogative Sentences ……………………………………… 271
Section 2: Forms of Interrogative Expression …………………………………… 272
I. Direct Questioning ………………………………………………………………… 272
II. Rhetorical Questioning …………………………………………………………… 282
Chapter Fourteen: Mutual Reference in Imagery: Intertextuality …………… 291
Section 1: Definition and Function of Intertextuality …………………………… 291
Section 2: The Expressive Structure of Intertextuality ………………………… 294
Section 3: Forms of Intertextuality ………………………………………………… 296
Chapter Fifteen: Transformation of Imagery: Hyperbole …………………… 308
Section 1: Definition and Function of Hyperbole ………………………………… 308
Section 2: Theoretical Foundations of Hyperbole ………………………………… 315
Section 3: The Expressive Structure of Hyperbole ……………………………… 316
Section 4: Forms of Hyperbole ……………………………………………………… 317
Chapter Sixteen: Suggestion in Imagery (Part I): Symbolism ………………… 336
Section 1: The Suggestive Nature of Imagery ……………………………………… 336
Section 2: Theoretical Foundations of Symbolism ……………………………… 339
Section 3: The Expressive Structure of Symbolism ……………………………… 343
Section 4: Forms of Symbolism ……………………………………………………… 346
Section 5: The Use of Symbolism in Classical Poetry and New Poetry ………… 349
Chapter Sixteen: Suggestion in Imagery (Part II): Euphemism/Indirectness … 361
Section 1: Definition and Function of Indirect Expression ……………………… 361
Section 2: The Expressive Structure of Indirect Expression …………………… 363
Section 3: Forms of Indirect Expression …………………………………………… 363
Chapter Seventeen: Transfer Between Sensory Imagery: Synaesthesia …… 375
Section 1: Definition and Function of Synaesthesia ……………………………… 375
Section 2: Theoretical Foundations of Synaesthesia …………………………… 378
Section 3: The Expressive Structure of Synaesthesia …………………………… 380
Section 4: Forms of Synaesthetic Expression …………………………………… 381
Chapter Eighteen: Imitative Expressive Techniques ………………………… 396
Section 1: Definition and Function of Imitation …………………………………… 396
Section 2: Forms of Imitation ………………………………………………………… 398
Section 3: Forms of Imitation ………………………………………………………… 399
Chapter Nineteen: Surrealist Expressive Techniques ………………………… 403
Section 1: Surreal Imagination ……………………………………………………… 403
Section 2: Types of Surrealist Expression ………………………………………… 403
Section 3: Forms of Surrealist Expression ………………………………………… 404
- Transformational Combinations ………………………………………………… 404
- Montage Editing …………………………………………………………………… 406
- Surreal Performance ……………………………………………………………… 408
Table of Poetic Examples Cited in This Book ……………………………………… 413
Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………… 419
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