Milley說：“如果你的對手試圖入侵你，而每個役期內的男人[和]女人都有武器，而且他們還受過一點訓練，那他們可能會（在抵禦入侵上）非常有效與好用。”

官員們表示，在幕後，美國官員敦促臺北使其後備機構現代化，並為在發生入侵時動員民眾奠定基礎。

去年年底，臺灣成立了全民國防動員機構，負責戰時召集預備役軍人以及救災等。 當時的官員們表示，該機構正在起草一本“全民國防手冊”，該手冊將增加公眾對戰時與和平時期緊急情況之軍事反應工作的瞭解。

但臺灣軍隊與平民人口沒有很好地融合，這種脫節植根於臺灣漫長的戒嚴歷史。 許多公民仍然有臺灣“白色恐怖”時期的身心傷疤，當時那些被認為是反政府的人被圍捕和監禁——數千人被處決。

美國德國馬歇爾基金東亞分析師Bonnie Glaser說，過去幾十年來，臺灣的兵役需求逐漸從兩年減少到僅四個月。 她指出，“這並不被認為是真正嚴肅的（訓練備戰）”，以致於一些臺灣人稱之為“夏令營”。 她補充說，志願役軍人並不熱衷於與預備役部隊合作，而後備役部隊被視為訓練不足，這一事實使問題變得更加複雜。

Hsiao說，臺灣國防部正在評估四個月的要求是否足夠，特別是因為公眾似乎對延長義務役培訓有高度支持，但變化不會在一夜之間發生。

Glaser說，與此同時，臺灣的預備役部隊規模龐大，但能力有限。

她說：“這些人每年只會被教召兩天，所以這並不是一個嚴肅的預備役部隊。”

Hsiao說，臺灣官員與美國同行就如何改造後備制度進行了廣泛的溝通。 她說，官員們最近開始了更密集的後備訓練，其時間恰逢烏克蘭衝突的開始。

官員們表示，美國國防部還敦促臺灣加強軍事和民間機構之間的合作，特別是在保護關鍵基礎設施方面。 Glaser說，該部門還鼓勵臺灣軍隊考慮引進一支平民領土防衛部隊，但沒有得到多少回應。

她說：“臺灣的部分問題是，平民與軍隊合作或軍隊與平民合作的熱情確實沒有多少。”

“也就是說，我認為美國國防部真的希望臺灣從烏克蘭吸取一些教訓，因為每個人都看到，進行抵抗的決心可能是戰時最具決定性的因素之一。“」

“ Taiwan’s military may need a culture shift, as well as new weapons. Gen. Mark Milley, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said in an April hearing that an important lesson Taiwan could draw from Ukraine is “a nation in arms.”

“If your opponent tries to invade you, and every military age man [and] woman is armed, and they have a little bit of training, that can be a very effective use,” Milley said.

Behind the scenes, U.S. officials are urging Taipei to modernize its reserve institution and lay the groundwork for mobilizing the population in the event of an invasion, officials said.

Taiwan late last year established an All-Out Defense Mobilization Agency, which is responsible for the mustering of reservists during wartime as well as disaster relief. The agency is drafting an “all-out defense handbook” that will increase the public’s knowledge of military response efforts for wartime and peacetime emergencies, officials said at the time.

But Taiwan’s military is not well integrated with its civilian population, a disconnect that has roots in Taiwan’s long history of martial law. Many citizens still have physical and mental scars from Taiwan’s period of “White Terror,” when those believed to be anti-government were rounded up and imprisoned — thousands were executed.

Over the past few decades, Taiwan has gradually reduced its military service requirement from two years to just four months, said Bonnie Glaser, an East Asia analyst at the German Marshall Fund of the United States. She noted that “it is not considered to be really serious” and that some Taiwanese refer to it as “summer camp.” The problem is compounded by the fact that the active-duty military is not keen to work with the reserve force, which is seen as insufficiently trained, she added.

Taiwan’s defense ministry is assessing whether the four-month requirement is adequate, particularly as there appears to be a high degree of public support for extending the mandatory training, Hsiao said. But the change won’t happen overnight.

Taiwan’s reserve force, meanwhile, is large but limited in capability, Glaser said.

“These people get called up for something like two days a year, so it’s not a serious reserve force,” she said.

Taiwan officials have had extensive communications with their American counterparts on ways to revamp the reserves system, Hsiao said. Officials recently began more intensive reserve training, she said, the timing of which coincided with the beginning of the Ukraine conflict.

The Pentagon is also urging Taiwan to increase cooperation between the military and civilian institutions, particularly with regard to protecting critical infrastructure, officials said. The department has also encouraged the Taiwanese military to consider introducing a civilian territorial defense force, but has not gotten much traction, Glaser said.

“Part of the problem in Taiwan is there really isn’t much enthusiasm among the civilians to work with the military or the military to work with civilians,” she said.

“That said, I think the Pentagon would really like Taiwan to draw some lessons from Ukraine, as everyone has seen that putting up resistance can be one of the most decisive factors in wartime.””

原文網址：https://www.politico.com/news/2022/05/19/deadly-serious-u-s-quietly-urging-taiwan-to-follow-ukraine-playbook-for-countering-china-00033792