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| 2009/02/10 16:37:58瀏覽9538｜回應0｜推薦1 | |
| 形容詞的用法： 形容詞的作用只有一個：修飾名詞用。 形容詞翻譯時都可以加上『的』。 形容詞分單字形容詞、片語形容詞，及句子形容詞(關係子句) 片語及句子形容要放在被修飾的名詞之後(後位修飾)。單字的形容詞可放在名詞之前， 但有些也必須放在被修飾的名詞之後(後位修飾)。 例子：(別忘了：形容詞翻完加上『的』，再翻被修飾的名詞) Susan is a beautiful girl. There is nothing new in today's newspapers. The girl in the picture is my daughter. The boy who you saw in the park yesterday is John. 形容詞可分為： (A)性狀形容詞：表示性質或狀態、組成物質、國籍 1. 敘述形容詞：good, black, young.... 2. 物質形容詞：wooden, gold, silver.... 3. 專有形容詞：Chinese, English,..... (B)代名形容詞：有代名詞性質的形容詞 1. 指示形容詞：this, that, those, these, such, the same...... 2. 不定形容詞：some, any, each, every, all, both, another, either.... 3. 所有格形容詞：my, your, his, our, your, their,.... 4. 疑問形容詞：which, what, how, how many.... 5. 關係形容詞：whose... (C)數量形容詞： 1. 不定數量形容詞：many, much, a few, a little, a lot of, several, all, enough... 2. 數詞：one, two, ....first, second, half, quarter,....once, twice, three times... (D)形容詞相等語： 1. 名詞當作『形容詞』，形成所謂的『複合名詞』(此時，前面的名詞要重讀) boy friend, room teacher, entrance exams, bus stop, 2. 同位(語)形容詞： my friend Tom, Mr. Wang, our room teacher,.... 3. 現在分詞作為形容詞：表主動、強調進行 the sleeping dog, the coming summer vacaation, 4. 過在分詞作為形容詞：表被動、已完成 the stolen car, spoken language, fallen leaves, 5. 動名詞作為形容詞：表功能 drinking water, running water, dining room, living room,... 6.副詞當作形容詞： the weather there, 形容詞中的『敘述』形容詞有三級的變化(副詞中的『情狀副詞』也有三級的變化) 形容詞的比較：(Comparison of Adjectives) 三級的用法： 原級(Positive Degree)： 1. 未與他人做比較時： John is a very good boy. 2. 同等比較：跟他人比較之後，發現『一樣、同樣、如此』，句中的形容詞需用原級 John is as strong as I (am). 此時，as 為一連接詞，所以後面要加『主詞』。 He is not so good as he was before. 比較級(Comparative Degree)：兩個以上才有比較級 1. 只要有比較的含意『比...較...些...多...』，則句中的形容詞需用比較級。 此時，than 為一連接詞，所以後面要加『主詞』。 He is much taller than I (am). Susan is more beautiful than all the other girls in her class. 2. 劣等的比較：中文裡表示『較不.....』英文不管形容詞長短，一率用 『less ＋原級形容詞』 He is less tall than she (is). She is less beautiful than her mother. 3. the ＋形容詞的比較級＋of the two .→(兩個當中比較....的那一個) John is the taller of the two boys. 4. 比較級 than 後面的團體不可包含自己 (×) John is taller than all the boys in his class. (○) John is taller than all the other boys in his class. 最高級(Superative Degree)：三者以上才有最高級 1. 只要有『最......』，則句中的形容詞需用最高級。最高級為『唯一』，所以要加『the』 He is the takkest in his class. Susan is the most beautiful of all the girls in her class. 2. 劣等的最高：中文裡表示『最不.....』英文不管形容詞長短，一率用 『least ＋原級形容詞』 He is the least tall of the five boys. She is @|the least beautiful@@ in her class. 3. the ＋形容詞的最高級＋of ....→(...個當中最....的那一個) John is the tallest of the five boys. 4. 最高級後面的團體『必須』包含自己 (×) John is the tallest @|of Mary's five sisters@@. (○) John is tallest @|of all the boys in his class@@. 5. the ＋形容詞的最高級＋in ....→(...個當中最....的那一個) John is @|the most handsome@@ boy in his family. 三級的變化： (A)規則變化： 1. 單音節及大部分的兩音節形容詞 ＋ (e)r → 比較級 ＋ (e)st → 最高級 tall taller tallest nice nicer nicest polite politer politest big bigger biggest (重複子音字母＋er) thin thinner thinnest early earlier earliest (子音＋y → 去 y ＋ier ) heavy heavier heaviest 2. 兩個以上音節 more ＋形容詞 → 比較級 most ＋ 形容詞 → 最高級 comfortable →more comfortable → most comfortable impossibel →more impossible → most impossible 3. 兩個音節形容詞結尾為『ful, ble, less, ous, ing, ve, ly 』 more ＋形容詞 → 比較級 most ＋ 形容詞 → 最高級 useful more useful most useful active more active most active 4. 有些兩個音節形容詞 可用 ＋er 或 more ＋est 或 most 形成比較級 最高級 quiet quieter, more quiet quietest, most quiet friendly friendlier, more friendly friendliest, most friendly honest honester, more honest honestest, morst honest 5. 有些形容詞 本身有兩組 比較級 最高級 而意義不同 old older odlest (最老的) old elder eldest (輩分最高的) late later latest (最遲) late latter last (最後) far farer (較遠) farest (最遠) far further (更進一步) furthest(最前瞻的) (B) 不規則變化：(背起來) good better best well better best bad worse worst ill worse worst wrong worse worst many more most much more most little less least 形容詞三級的互換： 最高級： Mary is @|the most charming @@ girl in her class. 比較級：= Mary is @|more charming @@ than any other girl in her class. = Mary is @|more charming @@ than all the other girls in her class. 原 級： No other girl is @|as charming@@ as Mary in her class. = No other girls are @|as charming@@ as Mary in her class. 具有比較意義的片語： I am three years junior to him. (He is three years senior to me.) I am junior to him by three years. (He is senior to me by three years.) I prefer studying to watching TV. (I like studying better than watching TV.) 常見 原級 比較級 最高級 片語 so soon as .一....就... no sonner ...than... .一....就... no longer .再也不... --er and --er .越來越... ther A..er the B..er .越..越.. more or less .多多少少.. go from bad to worse .情形每況愈下 do one's best to V .盡力而為.. at least .最多 at the latest .最遲 at last .最後 終於 |
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