一個人吃飯容易憂鬱、也容易早死       天下雜誌部落格  黃惠如

也許真大叔才能享受孤獨，才能坦然地一個人吃飯，不過，一個人吃飯不是健康的行為。

東京醫科齒科大學營養學研究員谷友香子最近發表的調查發現，日本高齡男性如果和家人同住卻還是一個人吃飯，與和家人一起共餐的人相比，死亡風險高了1.5倍。

此研究追蹤65歲以上約7萬人的年長男性3年，發現獨自用餐的男性和與人共餐的人相比，死亡風險高了1.5倍，但女性和人共餐與否死亡率卻沒有差異。

谷友香子接受《日本經濟新聞》採訪時強調，不是和家人同住男性長輩的營養狀況就能安心，還需要政府想想對策。

谷友香子也在2013年發表，一個人吃飯的高齡男性憂鬱症發病的機率比共餐的人高2.7倍。再從家庭型態、性別分析，獨居又一個人吃飯的男性導致憂鬱的機率和共餐的人相比高出2.7倍，女性則約1.4倍。「一個人吃飯是營養面、精神面都不健康的飲食行為，」谷友香子接受媒體採訪時說。

 一個人吃飯，日文稱為「孤食」，形成日本嚴重社會問題，偶像劇「孤食機器人」也以孤食現象為主題，描寫食品公司贈送的機器人和主角的互動，機器人成為心靈伙伴。日本農林水產省（同農委會）站在推廣食育的立場，也呼籲日本國民不要孤食。

細究孤食之所以導致死亡率較高的原因，一個人吃飯，容易草草了事，吃得快，咀嚼少，神經傳導物質血清素分泌也會減少，憂鬱症推測的原因之一就是血清素減少。吃得快，唾液分泌減少，也給腸胃帶來負擔。

http://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5085659&utm_source=Facebook&utm_medium=Social&utm_campaign=Daily

LEONARD COHEN - Waiting For The Miracle

Baby, I've been waiting,
I've been waiting night and day.
I didn't see the time,
I waited half my life away.
There were lots of invitations
and I know you sent me some,
but I was waiting
for the miracle, for the miracle to come.
I know you really loved me.
but, you see, my hands were tied.
I know it must have hurt you,
it must have hurt your pride
to have to stand beneath my window
with your bugle and your drum,
and me I'm up there waiting
for the miracle, for the miracle to come.

Ah I don't believe you'd like it,
You wouldn't like it here.
There ain't no entertainment
and the judgements are severe.
The Maestro says it's Mozart
but it sounds like bubble gum
when you're waiting
for the miracle, for the miracle to come.

Waiting for the miracle
There's nothing left to do.
I haven't been this happy
since the end of World War II.

Nothing left to do
when you know that you've been taken.
Nothing left to do
when you're begging for a crumb
Nothing left to do
when you've got to go on waiting
waiting for the miracle to come.

I dreamed about you, baby.
It was just the other night.
Most of you was naked
Ah but some of you was light.
The sands of time were falling
from your fingers and your thumb,
and you were waiting
for the miracle, for the miracle to come

Ah baby, let's get married,
we've been alone too long.
Let's be alone together.
Let's see if we're that strong.
Yeah let's do something crazy,
something absolutely wrong
while we're waiting
for the miracle, for the miracle to come.

Nothing left to do ...

When you've fallen on the highway
and you're lying in the rain,
and they ask you how you're doing
of course you'll say you can't complain --
If you're squeezed for information,
that's when you've got to play it dumb:
You just say you're out there waiting
for the miracle, for the miracle to come.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1EDKvXRKd0

柯恩於1934年9月21日出生在魁北克省蒙特婁市的一個英語區，西峰區的一個猶太中產家庭。他的母親Marsha (Masha) Klonitsky，是一名猶太教拉比的女兒，是立陶宛猶太人的後裔；而他從波蘭移民來的祖父Lyon Cohen，是加拿大猶太國會的首任主席。柯恩的父親經營一個規模很大的服裝商店，在其9歲時去世。聊到作為一名「柯恩」這個話題，柯恩形容自己「有著一個十分彌賽爾的童年」，他在1967年和Ricarhd Goldstein聊到，「我從小被教育自己是最高祭司亞倫的後代.」
柯恩就讀於Roslyn小學，1948升入西峰中學，他在中學時加入了學會並開始接觸音樂與詩歌，在當時，柯恩尤其被費德里戈·加西亞·洛爾卡的詩歌所吸引。像其他青春期的孩子一樣，柯恩開始學習彈奏吉他，並組建了一個叫做Buckskin Boys的鄉村民謠樂隊。雖然一開始柯恩學習彈奏的是一般的民謠吉他，但是在一名年輕的西班牙弗拉明戈吉他手教過他幾個和弦和一些弗拉明戈歌曲之後，他很快開始轉換到了古典吉他的學習。