卡累利阿共和國（Республика Карелия，卡累利阿語：Karjalan Tazavalla）是俄羅斯聯邦的一個自治共和國。它位於俄羅斯的西北部，首都是彼得羅扎沃茨克.從13世紀開始卡累利阿部分地區屬於瑞典，18世紀初的大北方戰爭後簽訂尼斯塔德條約（1721年）之後屬於俄羅斯。

The Republic of Karelia (Russian: Респу́блика Каре́лия, tr. Respublika Kareliya; IPA: [rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə kɐˈrʲelʲɪ(j)ə]; Karelian: Karjalan tazavalda; Finnish: Karjalan tasavalta; Veps: Karjalan Tazovaldkund) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic), located in the northwest of Russia. Its capital is the city of Petrozavodsk. Its population in 2010 was 643,548.^[7]

The modern Karelian Republic was founded as an autonomous republic within the Russian SFSR by the Resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) of June 27, 1923 and by the Decree of the VTsIK and the Council of People's Commissars of July 25, 1923 from the Karelian Labor Commune. From 1940 to 1956, it was known as the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the union republics in the Soviet Union. In 1956, it was once again an autonomous republic and remains as part of Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.