題目：國際跆拳道聯盟(ITF)與世界跆拳道聯盟(WTF)發展分析之比較研究

日期：2006年4月

作者：鄭家銓

                                                                             摘  要

    跆拳道是一種以腳為主手為輔的防身自衛武術，其起源乃人類為了求生存所形成的自我保護動作，經過不斷地學習及思考改良，逐漸摸索試驗後而演變成一兼具力與美的防身競技武術。

    1955年4月11日，由韓國各界著名人士組成的名稱制定委員會，包括崔泓熙少將、國會副議長、國會議員、著名企業家、著名武館館長等提出了各自的名稱。通過無記名投票，一致通過了崔泓熙將軍提出的「跆拳」(TAEKWON)二字，由此産生了跆拳道。

1966年3月22日，由韓國、越南、馬來西亞、新加坡、德國、美國、土耳其、義大利、埃及的九個協會在漢城正式成立了國際跆拳道聯盟(I.T.F.)，這是韓國跆拳道史上的第一個國際性機構，崔泓熙將軍被選為總裁，跆拳道正式進入了國際社會，其後由於韓國朴正熙總統與崔泓熙總裁在意見上產生了分歧，因此朴正熙總統便對崔泓熙總裁以及他所領導的國際跆拳道聯盟(I.T.F.)進行打壓與迫害。

在朴正熙總統的打壓之下，崔泓熙總裁不得不離開韓國流亡加拿大，朴正熙總統爲了抵抗國際跆拳道聯盟(I.T.F.)的發展，1973年5月28日在漢城成立了世界跆拳道聯盟(W.T.F.)，並任命金雲龍博士爲總裁；一方面朴正熙總統命令情報部門不擇手段地打擊和迫害崔總裁，另一方面用各種職位和榮華來引誘崔總裁，但是他們的打擊和引誘沒有征服崔總裁的意志。

世界上出現了兩種風格的跆拳道，一為國際跆拳道聯盟(I.T.F.)另一為世界跆拳道聯盟(W.T.F.)，本研究以此兩大聯盟作為主題，研究中筆者除蒐集國內外跆拳道資料外，亦向不少國際跆拳道聯盟(I.T.F.)及世界跆拳道聯盟(W.T.F.)之資深教練請益，並親自參與國際跆拳道聯盟(I.T.F.)所舉辦之國際教練班。

本研究將以國際跆拳道聯盟(I.T.F.)、世界跆拳道聯盟(W.T.F.)與中華民國跆拳道協會(W.T.F.會員國協會)之相關人員、教練及史料為研究對象，以文獻分析為主，另外訪問多位國內外資深跆拳道教練，以口述歷史輔行之。

歷史功過孰對孰錯，在時代中自有公評，跆拳道之分裂乃起因於韓國內不可抗力的政治因素，以一個研究者的角度，希望藉此研究為日後跆拳道熱愛者提供一個還原歷史的方向以及未來發展之趨勢。

關鍵字：跆拳道、武術、競技運動、奧運會

                                     Abstract

Tae Kwon Do is an um-armed combat of self-defense. It utilizes primarily both feet and hands as human weapon. Its original design aims for survival. It evolves overtime, and this evolution takes form of continuous improvement by using scientific method of approach. The end result is a martial art that equips with both power and beauty

On April 11, 1995, a group of famous martial artists, statesmen formed a special board to decide the name of Korean national martial art. This special board consisted of General Choi Hong Hi, Deputy Congressman, Congressman, etc., all unanimously agreed with General Choi that “Tae Kwon” was the name for the Korean national martial art.

On March 22, 1966, national associations from 9 different countries convened in Soul, Korean. The representations were from Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Germany, USA, Turkey, Italy and Egypt, all sought the establishment of I. T. F. in Soul, Korea. This marked the beginning of the establishment of International Tae Kwon Do Federation. General Choi was selected as its President, and thus, Tae Kwon Do began to spread overseas. Later due to political & ideological differences, the Korean president, President  Park Chung-hee and General Choi had different agenda in mind. Thus, it started the long oppression of I. T. F. by President  Park Chung-hee.

Under such oppression, General Choi Hong Hi decided to leave South Korea and thus settled in Canada. After General Choi left South Korea, President  Park Chung-hee on May 28, 1973 established the new organization called W. T. F. in Soul, Korea., the President designated Dr. Un Yong Kim as the W. T. F. president. During this period President  Park Chung-hee continued to use all means to oppress General Choi, at the same, using attractive terms to seduce General Choi. However, the indomitable spirit of General Choi resisted his attempts.

As we know it today that there are two styles of Tae Kwon Do (I. T. F. & W. T. F.)

My thesis is to analyze both which I spent tireless hours to gather information both from foreign and domestic. In addition, I also consulted many high ranking instructors and master instructors from both federations.

Since I have been with W. T. F. all my life, in order to understand better the history

of I. T. F., its philosophy and techniques, I have had also participated a few I. T. F.

Seminars in Hong Kong.

My thesis will be a research and study of I. T. F., W. T. F. and CHINESE TAIPEI

AMATEUR TAEKWON-DO ASSOCIATION.It will include historical events, people

involved. Furthermore, interviews with various foreign & domestic instructors &

master instructors will also be included.

History will reveal the whole story. The separation of I. T. F. and W. T. F. was due to political reasons. From a seracher’s perspective, I am hopeful that this research paper will shed some light with other Tae Kwon Doists about the root and truth of Tae Kwon Do, so all will not only have a very clear understanding of Tae Kwon Do history but also the understanding of the future direction of both Tae Kwon Do federations.

Key words: TAEKWON-DO, MARTIAL ART, ATHLETICS, Olympic Games