關係代名詞基礎文法(二)

關代可省略的時機：

1. 關係子句中已有主詞，關代不當主詞時：由『關係代名詞』所引導的子句，
    如果『關係代名詞』(which, who, that) 當子句中的『受詞』，則可以省略。
    e.g. I know the girl (whom) you’re talking about.
　　  ð 關代whom當子句中you’re talking about的『受詞』，可省略whom。
　e.g. I know the man (whom) you visited last week.
　　  ð 關代whom當子句中you visited的『受詞』，可省略whom。
　e.g. The house (which) you built was beautiful.
　　  ð 關代which當子句中you built的『受詞』，可省略which。
　e.g. The house (which) he lives in is comfortable.
　　  ð 關代which當子句中he lives in的『受詞』，可省略which。

2. 關代雖當主詞用，和beV.一起省略 e.g. I know the girl (who is) next to you.

關代不可省略的時機：

1. 關代當主詞用，後接一般動詞，不可以省略
    e.g. I know the girl who sings the song well.
   　   ð 關代who，因為當『主詞』，不可以省略。

2. 關代當受詞用，前面有介系詞，不可以省略
    e.g. I know the girl to whom you’re talking about.

3. 在非限定用法(即補述用法)中的受詞，關代也不能省略。
    e.g. Mr. Brown, whom I was introduced to yesterday, is an engineer.
           (Brown先生是一位工程師，昨天我被介紹與他認識。)

關代that不可使用的時機：

1. 前面有介系詞
    e.g. 1. This is the house in which he lives (O)
    e.g. 2. This is the house in that he lives. (X)

2. 前面有逗點時
    e.g. 1. Your sister, who is a teacher, can speak English. (O)
    e.g. 2. Your sister, that is a teacher, can speak English. (X)

3. 先行詞是people(人), those(那些人)時，限定用who，而非that
    e.g. 1. People who are nice will help others. (O)
    e.g. 2. People that are nice will help others. (X)

關代that必使用的時機：

1. 先行詞前有all(全部的), every(每一個的), any(任何的), no(沒有), the only
    (唯一的), the same(相同的), the very(正是那個)時
    e.g. 1. She is the only girl that can ride a bicycle.
    e.g. 2. This is the same man that came yesterday.
    e.g. 3. You can take any toy that you like.

2. 先行詞前有「最高級」形容詞時
    e.g. He is the best student that I have ever seen.

3. 先行詞前有「序數」時 the first(第一的), the second. the last(最後的)
    e.g. He is the first boy that came here.

4. 先行詞是「人和動物」或「人和事物」時
    e.g. Look at the boy and his dog that are crossing the bridge.

5. 疑問句的開頭是who, which, what 時 (避免重複)
    e.g. Who is the boy that is standing over there?

測驗練習：

1.He is the wisest man __________ I know.
2.Mr. Brown, __________ house is for rent, is my friend.
3.He is the man __________ I can trust.
4.This is the house __________ he used to live.
5.He looks like a teacher, __________ he is.

上面的題目，大家可以練習一下(回覆文章)，看看自己學會了多少喔 : )
Try your best then you will see how graet you are !